Item 6. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers. |
The Registrant’s articles of association provide that, subject to the Companies Act 2006, every person who is or was at any time a director or other officer (excluding an auditor) of the Registrant or an associated company, may be indemnified out of the assets of the Registrant against all costs, charges, losses, expenses or liabilities incurred by him in relation to (i) any liability in connection with any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by him in relation to the Registrant or associated company (other than in respect of a liability to the Registrant or an associate company), (ii) any other liability in performing his duties or the exercise of his powers or otherwise in relation to or in connection with his duties, powers or office and (iii) where an associated company is a trustee of an occupational pension scheme, any liability incurred by a director of that associated company in connection with that company’s activities as trustee of that scheme.
The Registrant also maintains directors and officers insurance to insure such persons against certain liabilities.
The relevant provisions under the Companies Act 2006 are Sections 205, 206, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238 and 1157.
Section 205 provides that a company can provide a director with the funds to meet expenditures incurred or to be incurred in defending certain criminal or civil proceedings or in connection with any application under Sections 661(3) and 661(4) (acquisition of shares by innocent nominee) or Section 1157 (described below). Such financial assistance must be repaid if the director is convicted in the proceedings, judgment is found against such director in the proceedings or the court refuses to grant the relief on the application.
Section 206 provides that a company can provide a director with the funds to meet expenditures incurred or to be incurred by him in defending himself in an investigation by a regulatory authority, or against action proposed to be taken by a regulatory authority, in connection with any alleged negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by him in relation to the company or an associated company.
Section 232 provides that any provision to exempt to any extent a director from any liability from negligence, default, breach of duty or trust by him in relation to the company is void. Any provision by which a company directly or indirectly provides (to any extent) an indemnity for a director of the company, or of an associated company, against any such liability is also void except as permitted by Sections 233, 234 or 235 (described below).
Section 233 permits liability insurance, commonly known as directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, to be purchased and maintained by a company for a director of the company or of an associated company against liability for negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company.
Pursuant to Section 234, an indemnity is a qualifying third party indemnity as long as it does not provide: (i) any indemnity against any liability incurred by the director to the company or to any associated company; (ii) any indemnity against any liability incurred by the director to pay a fine imposed in criminal proceedings or a sum payable to a regulatory authority by way of a penalty in respect ofnon-compliance with any requirement of a regulatory nature (however arising); and (iii) any indemnity against any liability incurred by the director in defending criminal proceedings in which he is convicted, civil proceedings brought by the company or an associated company in which judgment is given against such director or where the court refuses to grant such director relief under an application under Sections 661(3) and 661(4) (acquisition of shares by innocent nominee) or Section 1157 (described below).
Section 235 allows a company to provide, subject to certain exceptions, an indemnity to a director if the company is a trustee of an occupational pension scheme, with such indemnity to protect against liability incurred in connection with the company’s activities as trustee of the scheme.
Any indemnity provided under Section 234 or Section 235 and in force for the benefit of one or more directors of the company or an associated company must be disclosed in the directors’ annual report in accordance with Section 236 and copies of such indemnification provisions made available for inspection in accordance with Section 237 (and every shareholder has a right to inspect and request such copies under Section 238).
Section 1157 provides that in proceedings against an officer of a company for negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, the court may relieve such officer from liability, either wholly or in part, if it appears to the court that such officer may be liable but acted honestly and reasonably and that having regard to all the circumstances of the case, such officer ought fairly to be excused. Further, an officer who has reason to apprehend that a claim of negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust will or might be made against him may apply to the court for relief, and the court has the same power to relieve such officer as it would have had if it had been a court before which proceedings had been brought.