Summary of significant accounting policies | Summary of significant accounting policies Basis of presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Trust represent the assets and liabilities and operating results of the Trust and its majority owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Principles of consolidation In February 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810) ("ASU 2015-02"), which amends the consolidation requirements in ASC 810, Consolidation, and makes changes to both the variable interest model and the voting model of consolidation. Under ASU 2015-02, companies will need to reevaluate whether an entity meets the criteria to be considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or whether the consolidation of an entity should be assessed under the voting model. All legal entities are subject to reevaluation under the revised consolidation model. Specifically, ASU 2015-02 modifies the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities, and eliminates the presumption in the previous voting model that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership or similar entity unless the presumption can be overcome. ASU 2015-02 was effective for the Trust and the Operating Partnership as of January 1, 2016. The adoption of the new standard did not result in the consolidation of entities not previously consolidated or the deconsolidation of any entities previously consolidated. The Trust accounts for interests in partnerships, joint ventures and other similar entities in which it holds an ownership interest in accordance with the amended guidance. The Trust first evaluates whether each entity is a VIE. Under the VIE model, the Trust consolidates an entity when it has control to direct the activities of the VIE and where it is determined to be the primary beneficiary. Under the voting interest model, the Trust consolidates an entity when it controls the entity through the ownership of a majority voting interest. Upon adoption, the Operating Partnership and certain properties that have noncontrolling interests (see Note 8) became VIEs as the limited partners of these entities lack substantive kick-out rights and substantive participating rights. The Trust continues to consolidate these entities as the primary beneficiary because it directs the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs and has an obligation to absorb potentially significant losses or the right to receive potentially significant benefits of the VIEs. EdR has the power and economic exposure through the rights held by OP GP as it relates to the Operating Partnership, while EROP has power and economic exposure through its role as the property manager and equity interest holder of certain properties with noncontrolling interests (see Note 8). All of the Trust's property ownership, development and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership. See the assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Interim financial information The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the Trust's financial position, results of operations and cash flows for such periods. Because of the seasonal nature of the business, the operating results and cash flows are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim periods or for the full fiscal year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Trust's consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Trust's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 29, 2016. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Notes receivable On August 26, 2013, the Trust provided a $0.5 million promissory loan to College Park Apartments, Inc. ("CPA"), the Trust's partner in the unconsolidated joint venture University Village-Greensboro LLC (see Note 5), at an interest rate of 10% per annum and a maturity date of August 1, 2020. Under the loan, CPA can make one draw per calendar quarter. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the outstanding balance was $0.5 million for both periods. The loan is secured by CPA's interest in the joint venture. On March 20, 2015, the Trust provided a $1.7 million promissory loan to Concord Eastridge, Inc, the Trust's partner in the joint venture at Roosevelt Point, at an interest rate equal to 2% plus the London InterBank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") per annum compounded monthly and a maturity date of March 1, 2017. The loan was secured by Concord Eastridge's interest in the joint venture. As of December 31, 2015 , $1.7 million was outstanding. In February 2016 , the Trust acquired Concord Eastridge, Inc.'s remaining partnership interest for $4.9 million in cash. The outstanding promissory loan was repaid in full at closing. Collegiate housing properties Land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment are recorded at cost. Buildings and improvements are depreciated over 15 to 40 years, land improvements are depreciated over 15 years and furniture, fixtures, and equipment are depreciated over 3 to 7 years. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes over the estimated useful life. The Trust capitalizes interest based on the weighted average interest costs of total debt, and internal development costs while developments are ongoing, as assets under development. When the property opens, these costs, along with other direct costs of the development, are transferred into the applicable asset category and depreciation commences. Acquired collegiate housing communities’ results of operations are included in the Trust’s results of operations from the respective dates of acquisition. Appraisals, estimates of cash flows and other valuation techniques are used to allocate the purchase price of acquired property between land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and identifiable intangibles such as amounts related to in-place leases. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Management assesses impairment of long-lived assets to be held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Management uses an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset based on its intended use to determine whether the carrying value is recoverable. If the Trust determines that the carrying value of an asset is not recoverable, the fair value of the asset is estimated and an impairment loss is recorded to the extent the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value. Management estimates fair value using discounted cash flow models, market appraisals if available, and other market participant data. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , there were no impairment losses recognized. When a collegiate housing community has met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the fair value less cost to sell such asset is estimated. If the fair value less cost to sell the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment charge is recorded for the estimated loss. Depreciation expense is no longer recorded once a collegiate housing community has met the held for sale criteria. Dispositions that represent a strategic shift in the business will qualify for treatment as discontinued operations. The property dispositions during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 did not qualify for treatment as discontinued operations and, as a result, the operations of the properties are included in continuing operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. During August 2016, the Trust committed and finalized plans to demolish and redevelop the off-campus community Players Club, which serves Florida State University. Redevelopment and construction costs are expected to be $37.5 million , with construction beginning in May 2017 subsequent to the current leasing cycle. Depreciation estimates were revised to reflect the shortened remaining useful life. The Trust recorded $1.2 million of accelerated depreciation during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to the change in estimate. The impact on net income attributable to EdR common stockholders per share - basic and diluted for the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2016 is $0.02 . For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Trust estimates recording accelerated depreciation of $3.0 million ( $1.8 million estimated for the three months ending December 31, 2016) with an additional $3.0 million of accelerated depreciation to be recorded in 2017. Redeemable noncontrolling interests (the Trust) / redeemable limited partners (EROP) The Trust follows the guidance issued by the FASB regarding the classification and measurement of redeemable securities. The Trust classifies redeemable noncontrolling interests, which include redeemable interests in consolidated joint ventures and units of limited partnership interest in University Towers Operating Partnership, LP and in the Operating Partnership in the mezzanine section of the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership, the redeemable units of limited partnership in the Operating Partnership are classified as redeemable limited partners and the redeemable interests in consolidated joint ventures and units of limited partnership in University Towers Operating Partnership, LP are classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests. The redeemable noncontrolling interest units / redeemable limited partner units are adjusted to the greater of carrying value or fair market value based on the price per share of EdR's common stock at the end of each respective reporting period. Common stock issuances and offering costs Specific incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of EdR common stock are charged against the gross proceeds of the related issuance. Accordingly, underwriting commissions and other stock issuance costs are reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of changes in equity. The Trust is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT ("UPREIT") and contributes all proceeds from its various equity offerings to EROP. For every one share of common stock offered and sold by EdR for cash, EdR must contribute the net proceeds to EROP and, in return, EROP will issue one OP Unit to EdR. During October 2014, the Trust entered into distribution agreements in connection with the establishment of an at-the-market equity offering program ("ATM Program") pursuant to which EdR could, from time to time, sell a maximum of $150.0 million in additional shares of its common stock. The Trust sold approximately 2.3 million shares under these distribution agreements during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and received net proceeds of approximately $93.5 million . The Trust sold 0.3 million shares under these distribution agreements during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and received net proceeds of $10.6 million . On January 15, 2016, the Trust completed a follow-on equity offering of approximately 6.3 million shares of EdR common stock. The Trust received approximately $215.1 million in net proceeds from the offering after deducting the underwriting discount and other offering expenses payable by the Trust. Of the total net proceeds, approximately $108.5 million was used to pay off $98.2 million of fixed rate mortgage debt bearing an average effective interest rate of 5.4% and $10.3 million of prepayment penalties associated with the early extinguishment of debt. On March 24, 2016, EdR issued approximately 0.5 million shares of its common stock for a total of approximately $20.0 million pursuant to the direct stock purchase component of the Amended and Restated Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan. On May 2, 2016, the Trust entered into distribution agreements in connection with the establishment of a new ATM Program pursuant to which EdR could, from time to time, sell a maximum of $300.0 million in additional shares of its common stock. The Trust sold approximately 7.0 million shares under these distribution agreements during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and received net proceeds of approximately $296.2 million . On August 1, 2016, the Trust entered into equity distribution agreements to establish a new ATM Program whereby EdR is authorized to sell a maximum of $300.0 million in shares of its common stock. Under these agreements, EdR may make sales of common stock through at-the-market transactions or pursuant to forward sales agreements (the “Forward Agreements”) with certain counterparties. In connection with any Forward Agreement, the relevant forward purchaser will borrow from third parties, and through the relevant sales agent, sell a number of shares of EdR common stock underlying the particular Forward Agreement. The Trust does not initially receive any proceeds from any sale of borrowed shares. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Trust entered into six Forward Agreements to sell an aggregate of 4.5 million shares of common stock at a weighted average initial forward price of $43.74 per share, net of offering fees and discounts. The final sales price and proceeds to be received by the Trust from the sales under each Forward Agreement will be determined on the applicable date of settlement, with adjustments during the term of the contract for dividends as well as for a daily interest factor that varies with changes in the federal funds rate. The Trust generally has the ability to determine the dates and method of settlement, subject to certain conditions and the right of the counterparty to accelerate settlement under certain circumstances. The Trust currently expects to fully physically settle each Forward Agreement on one or more dates specified by the Trust prior to the maturity date of the applicable Forward Agreement, in which case the Trust expects to receive aggregate net cash proceeds at settlement equal to the number of shares of common stock underlying the applicable Forward Agreement multiplied by the relevant forward sale price. However, subject to certain exceptions, the Trust may also elect, in its discretion, to cash settle or net share settle a particular Forward Agreement, in which case the Trust may not receive any proceeds (in the case of cash settlement) or will not receive any proceeds (in the case of net share settlement), and the Trust may owe cash (in the case of cash settlement) or shares of EdR (in the case of net share settlement) to the relevant counterparty. Settlement of each Forward Agreement currently in place will occur on one or more dates not later than December 29, 2017. The Trust accounts for shares of EdR common stock reserved for issuance upon settlement of each Forward Agreement as equity. Before the issuance of shares of EdR common stock, if any, upon physical or net share settlement of the Forward Agreements, the Trust expects that the shares issuable upon settlement of the Forward Agreements will be reflected in its diluted earnings per share calculations using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the number of shares of EdR common stock used in calculating diluted earnings per share is deemed to be increased by the excess, if any, of the number of shares of common stock that would be issued upon full physical settlement of the Forward Agreements over the number of shares of common stock that could be purchased by the Company in the open market (based on the average market price during the period) using the proceeds receivable upon full physical settlement (based on the adjusted forward sale price at the end of the reporting period). If and when the Trust physically or net share settles any Forward Agreement, the delivery of shares of our common stock would result in an increase in the number of shares outstanding and dilution to basic earnings per share. Income taxes EdR qualifies as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). EdR is generally not subject to federal, state and local income taxes on any of its taxable income that it distributes if it distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income for each tax year to its stockholders and meets certain other requirements. If EdR fails to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, EdR will be subject to federal, state and local income taxes (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income. The Trust has elected to treat certain of its subsidiaries, including the Management Company, as TRSs. A TRS is subject to federal, state and local income taxes. The Management Company provides management services and through the Development Company, provides development services, which if directly provided by the Trust would jeopardize EdR’s REIT status. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Trust had no unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . The Trust and its subsidiaries file federal and state income tax returns. As of September 30, 2016 , open tax years generally included tax years for 2013, 2014 and 2015. The Trust’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in general and administrative expenses. For each of the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , the Trust had no interest or penalties recorded related to unrecognized tax benefits. Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill is tested annually for impairment as of December 31, and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. The accumulated impairment loss recorded is $0.4 million . No additional impairment has been recorded through September 30, 2016 . The carrying value of goodwill was $3.1 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , of which $2.1 million was recorded on the management services segment and $0.9 million was recorded on the development consulting services segment. Goodwill is not subject to amortization. Other intangible assets generally include in-place leases acquired in connection with acquisitions and are amortized over the estimated life of the lease/contract term. The carrying value of other intangible assets was $8.5 million and $0.2 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. Investment in unconsolidated entities The Trust accounts for its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures using the equity method whereby the costs of an investment are adjusted for the Trust’s share of earnings of the respective investment reduced by distributions received. The earnings and distributions of the unconsolidated joint ventures are allocated based on each owner’s respective ownership interests. These investments are classified as other assets or accrued expenses, depending on whether the distributions exceed the Trust’s contributions and share of earnings in the joint ventures, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 5). Earnings per share Earnings per Share - The Trust Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, including outstanding units in the Operating Partnership designated as LTIP Units ("LTIP Units"). Diluted earnings per share is calculated similarly, except that it includes the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of potentially dilutive securities and the shares issuable upon settlement of the Forward Agreements using the treasury stock method. The Trust follows the authoritative guidance regarding the determination of whether certain instruments are participating securities. All unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are included in the computation of earnings per share under the two-class method. This results in shares of unvested restricted stock and LTIP Units being included in the computation of basic earnings per share for all periods presented. Earnings per OP Unit - EROP Basic earnings per unit is calculated by dividing net income available to unitholders by the weighted average number of OP Units and LTIP Units outstanding. Diluted earnings per unit is calculated similarly, except that it includes the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of potentially dilutive securities and the shares issuable upon settlement of the Forward Agreements using the treasury stock method. EROP follows the authoritative guidance regarding the determination of whether certain instruments are participating securities. Recent accounting pronouncements In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, " Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments " ("ASU 2016-15"). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues and intends to reduce the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows and will be applied retrospectively. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption is permitted. The Trust is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “ Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ” (“ASU 2016-09”), which changes certain aspects of accounting for share-based payments to employees, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. If adopted in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year. The Trust early adopted the amendments during the three months ended September 30, 2016 effective as of January 1, 2016 as permitted by the ASU. The amendments were applied using a combination of the modified retrospective transition method, retrospective application or prospectively depending on the applicable amendment being adopted. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 did not have a material impact on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"), which requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years, on a modified prospective basis. The Trust is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU 2014-09"), as amended by ASU 2015-04 to defer the effective date. The guidance outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including the guidance on real estate derecognition for most transactions. ASU 2014-09 provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. ASU 2014-09 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. Early adoption is permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Since the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB has issued ASU 2016-08 that is intended to improve the understandability of the implementation guidance regarding principal versus agent considerations and has issued ASU 2016-10 to clarify the identification of performance obligations and the implementation guidance related to licensing. The effective dates of these amendments are the same as ASU 2014-09. The Trust is currently evaluating the provisions of this guidance. |