Development of Collegiate Housing Properties | During 2016 , the Trust developed and placed in service the following communities. The costs incurred to date for our owned communities represent the balance capitalized in collegiate housing properties, net as of December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands): Years Ended December 31, Name Primary University Served Bed Count Costs Incurred-to-Date Internal Development Costs Capitalized Interest Costs Capitalized 2016 2015 2016 2015 Holmes Hall and Boyd Hall University of Kentucky 1,141 $ 85,691 $ 339 $ 382 $ 1,900 $ 984 Retreat at Blacksburg - Phase I & II (1) Virginia Tech 829 64,549 143 116 709 208 Retreat at Oxford - Phase II University of Mississippi 350 26,745 58 77 590 211 Total 2,320 $ 176,985 $ 540 $ 575 $ 3,199 $ 1,403 (1) During 2015, the Operating Partnership entered into an agreement with a subsidiary of Landmark Property Holdings, LLC to develop, own and manage a cottage-style collegiate housing property located adjacent to Virginia Tech. The Retreat at Blacksburg was initially a joint venture. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Trust purchased the remaining 25% joint venture partner's ownership in the property. During 2015 , the Trust developed and placed in service the following communities. The costs incurred to date for the owned communities represent the balance capitalized in collegiate housing properties, net as of December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands): Years Ended December 31, Name Primary University Served Bed Count Costs Incurred-to-date Internal Development Costs Capitalized Interest Costs Capitalized 2015 2014 2015 2014 Woodland Glen III, IV & V (1) University of Kentucky 1,610 $ 103,458 $ 452 $ 214 $ 2,414 $ 1,304 The Oaks on the Square - Phase IV (2) University of Connecticut 391 44,325 315 101 633 149 The Retreat at Louisville (3) University of Louisville 656 43,935 179 77 568 103 Total owned communities 2,657 $ 191,718 $ 946 $ 392 $ 3,615 $ 1,556 Georgia Heights (4) University of Georgia 292 51,639 216 184 273 274 Total joint ventures 292 $ 51,639 $ 216 $ 184 $ 273 $ 274 Total 2,949 $ 243,357 $ 1,162 $ 576 $ 3,888 $ 1,830 (1) In December 2011, the Trust was selected by the University of Kentucky to develop, own and manage new collegiate housing on its campus. Phase I opened in August 2013, Phase II opened in August 2014 and Phase III, which includes these communities, opened in August 2015 for the 2015/2016 lease year. (2) In 2010, LeylandAlliance LLC and the Trust entered into an agreement to develop the first two phases of Storrs Center, a mixed-use town center project, located adjacent to the University of Connecticut. The Trust developed, owns and manages the collegiate housing properties in these first two phases and both phases include commercial and residential offerings. The first, second and third phases opened in August 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The fourth phase opened in August 2015. (3) In June 2014, the Trust announced an agreement with a subsidiary of Landmark Property Holdings, LLC to develop, own and manage a cottage-style collegiate housing property located adjacent to The University of Louisville. The Retreat at Louisville was initially a joint venture. During the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Trust purchased the remaining 25% joint venture partner's ownership in the property. (4) In 2013, the Trust entered into an agreement to develop, own and manage a mixed-use development adjacent to the main entrance of the University of Georgia with a subsidiary of GEM Realty Capital, Inc. The costs above represent total costs incurred for the joint venture development. The Trust holds a 50% interest in the joint venture and manages the community. The Trust does not consolidate the joint venture (see Note 8) and its investment of $10.2 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, is classified as other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The following represents a summary of active developments at December 31, 2016 , including internal development costs and interest costs capitalized (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, Name Primary University Served Spend-to-Date Internal Development Costs Capitalized Interest Costs Capitalized 2016 2015 2016 2015 University Flats University of Kentucky $ 55,682 $ 226 $ 241 $ 1,163 $ 83 Lewis Hall University of Kentucky 15,190 204 — 196 — Boise State University Boise State University 19,674 260 54 252 3 SkyVUE Michigan State University 60,775 201 17 1,253 — The Local: Downtown Texas State University 18,017 178 69 318 — Avid Square Oklahoma State University 21,847 116 — 231 — Northern Michigan University Northern Michigan University 12,104 203 — 66 — Maplewood Cornell University 2,440 81 — 24 — University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh 20,303 95 — 238 — Players Club Redevelopment Florida State University 938 62 21 22 — Hale Mahana University of Hawai'i 22,931 82 — 98 — Hub at Minneapolis University of Minnesota 12,738 43 — — — Arizona State University Arizona State University 25,230 102 — 113 — Undeveloped land 2,073 41 — 34 — Total active projects under development $ 289,942 $ 1,894 $ 402 $ 4,008 $ 86 Collegiate housing properties and assets under development consist of the following as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): 2016 2015 Land $ 221,065 $ 152,819 Land improvements 66,440 65,135 Leasehold improvements 74 212 Construction in progress 239,186 105,517 Buildings and improvements 2,092,546 1,751,482 Furniture, fixtures and equipment 90,406 88,008 2,709,717 2,163,173 Less accumulated depreciation (311,069 ) (270,993 ) Collegiate housing properties and assets under development, net $ 2,398,648 $ 1,892,180 Following is certain information related to investment in collegiate housing properties and assets under development as of December 31, 2016 (amounts in thousands): Initial Cost Total Costs Property (3) Encumbrances Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total Cost Capitalized Subsequently Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total (5) Accumulated Depreciation (4) Date of Acquisition/ Construction Players Club $ — $727 $7,498 $8,225 $3,446 $727 $10,944 $11,671 $6,961 1/31/2005 The Commons at Knoxville — 4,630 18,386 23,016 4,086 4,585 22,517 27,102 9,182 1/31/2005 The Lofts — 2,801 34,117 36,918 3,725 2,801 37,842 40,643 13,852 1/31/2005 The Pointe at Penn State — 2,151 35,094 37,245 5,824 2,150 40,919 43,069 16,269 1/31/2005 The Reserve at Columbia — 1,071 26,134 27,205 4,537 1,071 30,671 31,742 11,749 1/31/2005 The Reserve on Perkins — 913 15,795 16,708 4,429 913 20,224 21,137 8,547 1/31/2005 University Towers 32,950 — 28,652 28,652 18,169 2,364 44,457 46,821 18,374 1/31/2005 Campus Creek — 2,251 21,604 23,855 2,280 2,251 23,884 26,135 8,934 2/22/2005 Campus Lodge — 2,746 44,415 47,161 4,796 2,746 49,211 51,957 17,629 6/7/2005 Carrollton Place — 682 12,166 12,848 2,180 682 14,346 15,028 4,892 1/1/2006 River Pointe — 837 17,746 18,583 2,844 837 20,590 21,427 6,794 1/1/2006 The Reserve at Saluki Pointe — 1,099 32,377 33,476 2,127 1,099 34,504 35,603 8,692 8/1/2008 University Apartments on Colvin — — 25,792 25,792 977 — 26,769 26,769 6,109 8/1/2009 2400 Nueces (1) — — 64,152 64,152 7,114 — 71,266 71,266 8,944 8/1/2010 The Oaks on the Square - Phase I and II — 1,800 48,636 50,436 2,137 1,800 50,773 52,573 6,845 9/30/2010 GrandMarc at the Corner — — 45,384 45,384 2,295 — 47,679 47,679 9,308 10/22/2010 Campus West — — 25,842 25,842 1,926 — 27,768 27,768 4,715 3/1/2011 East Edge — 10,420 10,783 21,203 21,343 10,420 32,126 42,546 5,972 3/1/2011 Jefferson Commons — 1,420 4,915 6,335 332 1,420 5,247 6,667 980 3/15/2011 Wertland Square — 3,230 13,285 16,515 826 3,230 14,111 17,341 2,574 3/15/2011 The Berk — 2,687 13,718 16,405 906 2,687 14,624 17,311 2,706 5/23/2011 Roosevelt Point — 3,093 47,528 50,621 2,178 3,093 49,706 52,799 6,013 7/1/2011 University Village Towers — 3,434 34,424 37,858 1,130 3,434 35,554 38,988 5,703 9/22/2011 Irish Row — 2,637 24,679 27,316 512 2,637 25,191 27,828 3,995 11/1/2011 The Lotus — 5,245 20,830 26,075 2,226 5,245 23,056 28,301 1,991 11/14/2011 GrandMarc at Westberry Place — — 53,935 53,935 2,025 — 55,960 55,960 8,384 12/8/2011 3949 — 3,822 24,448 28,270 8,938 3,822 33,386 37,208 4,766 12/21/2011 Initial Cost Total Costs Property (3) Encumbrances Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total Cost Capitalized Subsequently Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total (5) Accumulated Depreciation (4) Date of Acquisition/ Construction The Reserve on Stinson — 2,111 20,609 22,720 (5,186 ) 2,111 15,423 17,534 — 1/27/2012 Lymon T. Johnson Hall & Central Hall II (2) — — 22,896 22,896 3,416 — 26,312 26,312 3,982 6/1/2012 The Retreat at Oxford — 4,743 52,946 57,689 5,606 8,811 54,484 63,295 4,268 6/14/2012 The Province — 4,436 45,173 49,609 528 4,436 45,701 50,137 6,853 9/21/2012 The District on 5th — 2,601 63,396 65,997 464 2,601 63,860 66,461 10,045 10/4/2012 Campus Village — 2,650 18,077 20,727 1,199 2,650 19,276 21,926 3,938 10/19/2012 Frances Jewell Hall (2) — — 45,924 45,924 1,999 — 47,923 47,923 3,920 11/1/2012 Georgia M. Blazer Hall (2) — — 23,808 23,808 874 — 24,682 24,682 2,013 11/1/2012 Haggin Hall I (2) — — 23,802 23,802 497 — 24,299 24,299 2,205 11/1/2012 Woodland Glen I & II (2) — — 44,491 44,491 1,979 — 46,470 46,470 3,711 11/1/2012 The Province at Kent State — 4,239 40,441 44,680 443 4,239 40,884 45,123 6,125 11/16/2012 The Centre at Overton Park — 3,781 35,232 39,013 1,820 3,781 37,052 40,833 4,941 12/7/2012 The Suites at Overton Park — 4,384 33,281 37,665 1,602 4,384 34,883 39,267 4,902 12/7/2012 Woodland Glen III, IV & V (2) — — 101,172 101,172 3,478 — 104,650 104,650 4,586 5/1/2013 The Oaks on the Square - Phase III — 1,531 10,734 12,265 288 1,531 11,022 12,553 839 2/13/2013 The Cottages on Lindberg — 1,800 31,224 33,024 3,357 1,800 34,581 36,381 4,359 8/28/2013 The Retreat at State College — 6,251 46,004 52,255 4,140 6,251 50,144 56,395 5,840 9/11/2013 The Varsity — 3,300 50,330 53,630 313 3,300 50,643 53,943 5,020 12/19/2013 Holmes Hall and Boyd Hall (2) — — 85,556 85,556 135 — 85,691 85,691 897 12/31/2013 Oaks on the Square - Phase IV 29,626 3,308 36,748 40,056 6,382 3,308 43,130 46,438 1,876 6/1/2014 Retreat at Louisville — 4,257 33,750 38,007 6,183 4,257 39,933 44,190 1,854 7/1/2014 109 Towers — 1,779 40,115 41,894 2,691 1,779 42,806 44,585 3,425 8/12/2014 District on Apache — 8,203 81,016 89,219 604 8,203 81,620 89,823 6,944 9/15/2014 The Commons on Bridge — 1,852 7,772 9,624 260 1,852 8,032 9,884 724 6/16/2015 The Province Boulder — 7,800 40,722 48,522 193 7,800 40,915 48,715 1,670 9/15/2015 University Flats (2) — — 55,682 55,682 — — 55,682 55,682 — 7/1/2015 Retreat at Blacksburg — 8,988 53,984 62,972 1,577 8,988 55,561 64,549 664 7/10/2015 Boise State — — 19,674 19,674 — — 19,674 19,674 — 12/15/2015 The Local: Downtown — 2,687 15,330 18,017 — 2,687 15,330 18,017 — 1/4/2016 SkyVue — 7,056 53,719 60,775 — 7,056 53,719 60,775 — 1/15/2016 Lokal — 2,180 21,271 23,451 526 2,180 21,797 23,977 552 3/31/2016 Avid Square — 4,500 17,347 21,847 — 4,500 17,347 21,847 — 4/11/2016 Hub at Madison — 14,251 175,656 189,907 167 14,251 175,823 190,074 3,440 5/12/2016 Lewis Hall (2) — — 15,190 15,190 — — 15,190 15,190 — 6/30/2016 Maplewood (2) — — 2,440 2,440 — — 2,440 2,440 — 6/30/2016 Northern Michigan University (2) — — 12,104 12,104 — — 12,104 12,104 — 6/30/2016 University of Pittsburgh — 7,636 12,667 20,303 — 7,636 12,667 20,303 — 7/1/2016 Pura Vida Place — 1,850 9,331 11,181 340 1,850 9,671 11,521 92 8/30/2016 Carriage House — 2,470 8,760 11,230 320 2,470 9,080 11,550 83 8/30/2016 Urbane — 4,101 43,929 48,030 163 4,101 44,092 48,193 421 9/9/2016 Arizona State University — 14,147 11,083 25,230 — 14,147 11,083 25,230 — 11/1/2016 Hale Mahana — 16,641 6,290 22,931 — 16,641 6,290 22,931 — 11/20/2016 Initial Cost Total Costs Property (3) Encumbrances Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total Cost Capitalized Subsequently Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total (5) Accumulated Depreciation (4) Date of Acquisition/ Construction Hub at Minneapolis — — 12,738 12,738 — — 12,738 12,738 — 11/21/2016 Undeveloped Land — 1,450 623 2,073 — 1,450 623 2,073 — TBD Totals $ 62,576 $ 214,679 $ 2,335,372 $ 2,550,051 $ 159,666 $ 221,065 $ 2,488,652 $ 2,709,717 $ 311,069 (1) Pursuant to the ground lease for 2400 Nueces, the lessor has the option to purchase the Trust's leasehold estate and interest in the property at certain times during the term of the ground lease for a pre-determined amount. (2) Pursuant to the lease agreement for the respective property, the lessor has the option to terminate the lease at certain times during the term of the agreement for a termination fee. (3) All properties are of garden-style collegiate housing communities except for University Towers which is a traditional residence hall, 2400 Nueces and The Varsity, which are high-rise buildings, The Retreat at Oxford, The Cottages on Lindberg, The Retreat at State College, The Retreat at Louisville and The Retreat at Blacksburg which are cottage-style communities, and The Oaks on the Square, which is a mixed-use town center and main street development project located in Storrs, Connecticut. (4) Assets have useful lives ranging from 3 to 40 years. (5) Total aggregate costs for federal income tax purposes is approximately $2,765.2 million . The following table reconciles the historical cost of the Trust’s investment in collegiate housing properties and assets under development for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): 2016 2015 2014 Balance, beginning of period $ 2,163,173 $ 1,916,758 $ 1,709,853 Collegiate housing acquisitions or completed developments 444,657 250,329 349,841 Collegiate housing dispositions (92,827 ) (14,149 ) (154,545 ) Impairment loss (2,500 ) — (12,733 ) Additions 211,982 10,917 24,792 Disposals (10,203 ) (682 ) (450 ) Write-offs (4,565 ) — — Balance, end of period $ 2,709,717 $ 2,163,173 $ 1,916,758 The following table reconciles the accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): 2016 2015 2014 Balance, beginning of period $ 270,993 $ 210,047 $ 204,181 Depreciation 75,539 65,952 57,166 Disposals (9,910 ) (622 ) (396 ) Write-offs (4,565 ) — — Collegiate housing dispositions (20,988 ) (4,384 ) (50,904 ) Balance, end of period $ 311,069 $ 270,993 $ 210,047 | | |