Development of Collegiate Housing Properties | During 2017 , the Trust completed the development of and placed in service the following communities. The costs incurred to date for our owned communities represent the balance capitalized in collegiate housing properties, net as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands): Years Ended December 31, Name Primary University Served Bed Count Costs Incurred-to-Date Internal Development Costs Capitalized Interest Costs Capitalized 2017 2016 2017 2016 University Flats University of Kentucky 771 $ 75,241 $ 249 $ 226 $ 1,617 $ 1,163 Sawtooth Hall Boise State University 656 35,350 262 260 639 252 Lewis Hall University of Kentucky 346 26,325 206 204 538 196 The Woods - Phase I Northern Michigan University 417 25,742 83 203 212 66 SkyVue Michigan State University 824 87,142 153 201 1,757 1,253 The Local: Downtown Texas State University 304 31,131 129 178 393 318 Total 3,318 $ 280,931 $ 1,082 $ 1,272 $ 5,156 $ 3,248 During 2016 , the Trust developed and placed in service the following communities. The costs incurred as of December 31, 2016 for our owned communities represent the balance capitalized in collegiate housing properties, net as of December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands): Years Ended December 31, Name Primary University Served Bed Count Costs Incurred as of 12/31/16 Internal Development Costs Capitalized Interest Costs Capitalized 2016 2015 2016 2015 Holmes Hall and Boyd Hall University of Kentucky 1,141 $ 85,691 $ 339 $ 382 $ 1,900 $ 984 Retreat at Blacksburg - Phase I & II (1) Virginia Tech 829 64,549 143 116 709 208 Retreat at Oxford - Phase II University of Mississippi 350 26,745 58 77 590 211 Total 2,320 $ 176,985 $ 540 $ 575 $ 3,199 $ 1,403 (1) During 2015, the Operating Partnership entered into an agreement with a subsidiary of Landmark Property Holdings, LLC to develop, own and manage a cottage-style collegiate housing property located adjacent to Virginia Tech. The Retreat at Blacksburg was initially a joint venture. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Trust purchased the remaining 25% joint venture partner's ownership in the property. The following represents a summary of active developments at December 31, 2017 , including internal development costs and interest costs capitalized (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, Name Primary University Served Costs Incurred as of 12/31/17 Internal Development Costs Capitalized Interest Costs Capitalized 2017 2016 2017 2016 One on 4th Oklahoma State University $ 38,078 $ 134 $ 116 $ 1,011 $ 231 The Woods - Phase II and III (1) Northern Michigan University 34,455 228 — 681 — Maplewood Cornell University 32,115 277 81 337 24 University of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh 68,495 156 95 1,101 238 Players Club Redevelopment Florida State University 18,156 147 62 157 22 Hale Mahana University of Hawai'i 65,764 171 82 1,178 98 Hub at Minneapolis University of Minnesota 60,384 110 43 483 — Union at Tempe Arizona State University 113,695 232 102 1,810 113 Union on Lincoln Way Iowa State University 26,314 120 — 305 — Union on Plum Colorado State University 15,755 118 — 186 — Southside Commons Lehigh University 1,336 22 — 4 — Undeveloped land 14,067 54 41 118 34 Total active projects under development $ 488,614 $ 1,769 $ 622 $ 7,371 $ 760 (1) Phase II of this development, including 433 beds for a total cost of $24.6 million , was delivered in January 2018. Collegiate housing properties and assets under development consist of the following as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 2017 2016 Land $ 247,259 $ 221,065 Land improvements 69,048 66,440 Leasehold improvements 74 74 Construction in progress 426,803 239,186 Buildings and improvements 2,446,098 2,092,546 Furniture, fixtures and equipment 108,754 90,406 3,298,036 2,709,717 Less accumulated depreciation (385,118 ) (311,069 ) Collegiate housing properties and assets under development, net $ 2,912,918 $ 2,398,648 Following is certain information related to investment in collegiate housing properties and assets under development as of December 31, 2017 (amounts in thousands): Initial Cost Total Costs Property Encumbrances Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total Cost Capitalized Subsequently Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total (1) Accumulated Depreciation (2) Date of Acquisition/ Construction The Commons at Knoxville (6) $ — $ 4,630 $ 18,386 $ 23,016 $ 4,250 $ 4,585 $ 22,681 $ 27,266 $ 10,036 1/31/2005 The Lofts (6) — 2,801 34,117 36,918 4,069 2,801 38,186 40,987 15,157 1/31/2005 The Pointe at Penn State (6) — 2,151 35,094 37,245 6,586 2,150 41,681 43,831 17,470 1/31/2005 The Reserve at Columbia (6) — 1,071 26,134 27,205 4,839 1,071 30,973 32,044 12,867 1/31/2005 The Reserve on Perkins (6) — 913 15,795 16,708 5,560 913 21,355 22,268 9,411 1/31/2005 University Towers (8) — — 28,652 28,652 18,418 2,364 44,706 47,070 20,566 1/31/2005 Campus Creek (6) — 2,251 21,604 23,855 2,702 2,251 24,306 26,557 9,727 2/22/2005 Campus Lodge (6) — 2,746 44,415 47,161 6,818 2,746 51,233 53,979 19,419 6/7/2005 Carrollton Place (6) — 682 12,166 12,848 2,376 682 14,542 15,224 5,415 1/1/2006 River Pointe (6) — 837 17,746 18,583 3,116 837 20,862 21,699 7,554 1/1/2006 The Reserve at Saluki Pointe (6) — 1,099 32,377 33,476 2,510 1,099 34,887 35,986 9,770 8/1/2008 University Apartments on Colvin (6) — — 25,792 25,792 1,243 — 27,035 27,035 6,940 8/1/2009 2400 Nueces (3)(8) — — 64,152 64,152 7,013 — 71,165 71,165 11,047 8/1/2010 The Oaks on the Square - Phase I and II (9) — 1,800 48,636 50,436 2,266 1,800 50,902 52,702 8,262 9/30/2010 GrandMarc at the Corner (10) — — 45,384 45,384 2,504 — 47,888 47,888 10,762 10/22/2010 Campus West (10) — — 25,842 25,842 1,964 — 27,806 27,806 5,542 3/1/2011 Initial Cost Total Costs Property Encumbrances Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total Cost Capitalized Subsequently Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total (1) Accumulated Depreciation (2) Date of Acquisition/ Construction East Edge (6) — 10,420 10,783 21,203 21,475 10,420 32,258 42,678 7,089 3/1/2011 Jefferson Commons (6) — 1,420 4,915 6,335 355 1,420 5,270 6,690 1,163 3/15/2011 Wertland Square (10) — 3,230 13,285 16,515 1,006 3,230 14,291 17,521 3,062 3/15/2011 The Berk (6) — 2,687 13,718 16,405 956 2,687 14,674 17,361 3,080 5/23/2011 Roosevelt Point (10) — 3,093 47,528 50,621 2,441 3,093 49,969 53,062 7,671 7/1/2011 University Village Towers (6) — 3,434 34,424 37,858 1,536 3,434 35,960 39,394 6,952 9/22/2011 Irish Row (10) — 2,637 24,679 27,316 665 2,637 25,344 27,981 4,739 11/1/2011 The Lotus (10) — 5,245 20,830 26,075 2,344 5,245 23,174 28,419 2,766 11/14/2011 GrandMarc at Westberry Place (10) — — 53,935 53,935 2,454 — 56,389 56,389 10,073 12/8/2011 3949 (10) — 3,822 24,448 28,270 9,274 3,822 33,722 37,544 5,946 12/21/2011 Lymon T. Johnson Hall and Central Hall II (4)(7) — — 22,896 22,896 3,439 — 26,335 26,335 4,911 6/1/2012 The Retreat at Oxford (11) — 4,743 52,946 57,689 5,773 8,811 54,651 63,462 6,166 6/14/2012 The Province (6) — 4,436 45,173 49,609 869 4,436 46,042 50,478 8,279 9/21/2012 The District on 5th (8) — 2,601 63,396 65,997 641 2,601 64,037 66,638 12,260 10/4/2012 Campus Village (10) — 2,650 18,077 20,727 1,337 2,650 19,414 22,064 4,840 10/19/2012 Frances Jewell Hall (4)(7) — — 45,924 45,924 2,062 — 47,986 47,986 5,562 11/1/2012 Georgia M. Blazer Hall (4)(7) — — 23,808 23,808 920 — 24,728 24,728 2,893 11/1/2012 Haggin Hall I (4)(7) — — 23,802 23,802 532 — 24,334 24,334 3,106 11/1/2012 Woodland Glen I & II (4)(7) — — 44,491 44,491 2,129 — 46,620 46,620 5,349 11/1/2012 The Province at Kent State (6) — 4,239 40,441 44,680 723 4,239 41,164 45,403 7,463 11/16/2012 The Centre at Overton Park (10) — 3,781 35,232 39,013 2,146 3,781 37,378 41,159 6,279 12/7/2012 The Suites at Overton Park (10) — 4,384 33,281 37,665 1,847 4,384 35,128 39,512 5,993 12/7/2012 Woodland Glen III, IV & V (4)(7) — — 101,172 101,172 3,558 — 104,730 104,730 8,093 5/1/2013 The Oaks on the Square - Phase III (9) — 1,531 10,734 12,265 320 1,531 11,054 12,585 1,186 2/13/2013 The Cottages on Lindberg (11) — 1,800 31,224 33,024 3,540 1,800 34,764 36,564 5,464 8/28/2013 The Retreat at State College (11) — 6,251 46,004 52,255 4,338 6,251 50,342 56,593 7,431 9/11/2013 The Varsity (8) — 3,300 50,330 53,630 505 3,300 50,835 54,135 6,489 12/19/2013 Holmes Hall and Boyd Hall (4)(7) — — 85,556 85,556 209 — 85,765 85,765 3,646 12/31/2013 Oaks on the Square - Phase IV (9) — 3,308 36,748 40,056 6,726 3,308 43,474 46,782 3,305 6/1/2014 Retreat at Louisville (11) — 4,257 33,750 38,007 6,284 4,257 40,034 44,291 3,255 7/1/2014 109 Towers (8) — 1,779 40,115 41,894 2,981 1,779 43,096 44,875 4,851 8/12/2014 District on Apache (10) — 8,203 81,016 89,219 834 8,203 81,850 90,053 9,699 9/15/2014 The Commons on Bridge (10) — 1,852 7,772 9,624 416 1,852 8,188 10,040 1,230 6/16/2015 The Province Boulder (10) — 7,800 40,722 48,522 363 7,800 41,085 48,885 2,949 9/15/2015 University Flats (4)(10) — — 75,225 75,225 16 — 75,241 75,241 860 7/1/2015 Retreat at Blacksburg (11) — 8,988 53,984 62,972 1,621 8,988 55,605 64,593 2,715 7/10/2015 Sawtooth Hall (4)(7) — — 32,805 32,805 2,545 — 35,350 35,350 470 12/15/2015 The Local: Downtown (10) — 2,687 25,632 28,319 2,812 2,687 28,444 31,131 529 1/4/2016 SkyVue (10) — 7,056 79,383 86,439 703 7,056 80,086 87,142 999 1/15/2016 Lokal (10) — 2,180 21,271 23,451 615 2,180 21,886 24,066 1,301 3/31/2016 One on 4th (12) — 4,500 33,578 38,078 — 4,500 33,578 38,078 — 4/11/2016 Initial Cost Total Costs Property Encumbrances Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total Cost Capitalized Subsequently Land Buildings and Improvements and Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Total (1) Accumulated Depreciation (2) Date of Acquisition/ Construction Hub at Madison (9) — 14,251 175,656 189,907 417 14,251 176,073 190,324 8,641 5/12/2016 Lewis Hall (4)(7) — — 25,928 25,928 397 — 26,325 26,325 320 6/30/2016 Maplewood (4)(12) — — 31,995 31,995 120 — 32,115 32,115 — 6/30/2016 Northern Michigan University (4)(7) - The Woods - Ph I — — 25,742 25,742 — — 25,742 25,742 294 6/30/2016 Northern Michigan University (4)(12) - The Woods - Ph II & III — — 34,455 34,455 — — 34,455 34,455 — 6/30/2016 University of Pittsburgh (12) — 7,636 60,859 68,495 — 7,636 60,859 68,495 — 7/1/2016 Pura Vida Place (6) — 1,850 9,331 11,181 363 1,850 9,694 11,544 381 8/30/2016 Carriage House (6) — 2,470 8,760 11,230 329 2,470 9,089 11,559 351 8/30/2016 Urbane (8) — 4,101 43,929 48,030 254 4,101 44,183 48,284 1,752 9/9/2016 Arizona State University - Union at Tempe (12) — 14,147 99,547 113,694 1 14,147 99,548 113,695 — 11/1/2016 Hale Mahana (12) — 16,641 49,057 65,698 — 16,641 49,057 65,698 — 11/20/2016 Hub at Minneapolis (12) — — 59,985 59,985 399 — 60,384 60,384 — 11/21/2016 Retreat at Corvallis (11) — 5,901 87,993 93,894 2,049 5,901 90,042 95,943 2,727 1/10/2017 319 Bragg (10) — 2,444 24,599 27,043 571 2,442 25,172 27,614 593 2/23/2017 Union on Lincoln Way (12) — 5,454 20,860 26,314 — 5,454 20,860 26,314 — 3/1/2017 Union on Plum (12) — 2,806 12,949 15,755 — 2,806 12,949 15,755 — 3/1/2017 Players Club (5)(12) — 727 17,429 18,156 — 727 17,429 18,156 — 5/15/2017 Southside Commons (4)(12) — — 1,336 1,336 — — 1,336 1,336 — TBD Mississippi State University (12) — — — — — — — — — TBD Undeveloped Land — 13,152 982 14,134 — 13,152 982 14,134 — TBD Totals $ — $ 240,875 $ 2,872,717 $ 3,113,592 $ 184,444 $ 247,259 $ 3,050,777 $ 3,298,036 $ 385,118 (1) Total aggregate costs for federal income tax purposes is approximately $3,355.8 million . (2) Assets have useful lives ranging from 3 to 40 years. (3) Pursuant to the ground lease for 2400 Nueces, the lessor has the option to purchase the Trust's leasehold estate and interest in the property at certain times during the term of the ground lease for a pre-determined amount which exceeds carrying value. (4) Pursuant to the lease agreement for the respective property, the lessor has the option to terminate the lease at certain times during the term of the agreement for a termination fee. (5) This property was originally acquired on January 1, 2005. A complete redevelopment of the property began on May 15, 2017. (6) These collegiate housing properties are garden-style communities. (7) These collegiate housing properties are residence halls. (8) These collegiate housing properties are high-rise buildings. (9) These collegiate housing properties are mixed-use projects. (10) These collegiate housing properties are mid-rise buildings. (11) These collegiate housing properties are cottage-style communities. (12) These collegiate housing properties are under development. The following table reconciles the historical cost of the Trust’s investment in collegiate housing properties and assets under development for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): 2017 2016 2015 Balance, beginning of period $ 2,709,717 $ 2,163,173 $ 1,916,758 Collegiate housing acquisitions or completed developments 403,082 444,657 250,329 Collegiate housing dispositions (17,608 ) (92,827 ) (14,149 ) Impairment loss — (2,500 ) — Additions (net of reimbursed amounts) 215,057 211,982 10,917 Normal disposals (2,206 ) (10,203 ) (682 ) Write-offs of fully depreciated amounts due to redevelopment (10,006 ) (4,565 ) — Balance, end of period $ 3,298,036 $ 2,709,717 $ 2,163,173 The following table reconciles the accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): 2017 2016 2015 Balance, beginning of period $ 311,069 $ 270,993 $ 210,047 Depreciation 85,955 75,539 65,952 Normal disposals (1,647 ) (9,910 ) (622 ) Write-offs of fully depreciated amounts due to redevelopment (10,006 ) (4,565 ) — Collegiate housing dispositions (253 ) (20,988 ) (4,384 ) Balance, end of period $ 385,118 $ 311,069 $ 270,993 |