In addition to the Royalty Relief Rule promulgated by the MMS, the Deep Water Royalty Relief Act of 1995 (the “Deepwater Relief Act”) was enacted to promote exploration and production of natural gas and oil in the deepwater of the Gulf of Mexico and relieves eligible leases from paying royalties to the U.S. Government on certain defined amounts of deepwater production. The Deepwater Relief Act expired in the year 2000 but was extended by the MMS to promote continued interest in deepwater. For purposes of royalty relief, the MMS defines deepwater as depths in excess of 656 feet (200 meters). In order for a lease to be eligible for royalty relief, it must be located in the Gulf of Mexico and west of 87 degrees and 30 minutes West longitude (essentially the Florida-Alabama boundary).
Currently, for leases entered into after November 2000, the MMS assigns a lease a specific volume of royalty suspension based on how the suspension amount would affect the economics of the lease’s development. Any such royalty suspension applicable to a particular lease is generally set forth in the lease auction materials prepared by the MMS. The amount of the suspension, if any, is not determined by water depth levels (as it had in the past) but rather based upon the MMS’ view of the characteristics and economics of the project. For example, projects deemed relatively secure and safe such as those near existing transportation infrastructure may receive no royalty relief while a similar project far away from any such infrastructure or in an area deemed more risky may receive significant royalty relief. As a result, unlike the royalty relief associated with deep drilling in shallow waters, there is no formulaic or predictable means of determining in advance whether and to what extent royalty relief would be available for a potential deepwater project.
The Fund has entered into a short-term month to month agreement with a third-party marketer who is currently marketing and selling the Fund’s proportionate share of oil and natural gas to the public market. The Fund is receiving market prices for such oil and natural gas. The Manager believes that it is likely that oil and natural gas from other projects will also have access to pipeline transportation and can also be marketed in a similar fashion.
The projects in which the Fund has invested are operated and controlled by unaffiliated third-party entities acting as operators (the “Operators”). The Operators are responsible for drilling, administration and production activities for leases jointly owned by working interest owners and acts on behalf of all working interest owners under the terms of the applicable offshore operating agreements. In certain circumstances, Operators will enter into agreements with independent third-party subcontractors and suppliers to provide the various services required for operating leases. Currently, the Fund’s projects are operated by LLOG, El Paso, and McMoRan.
Because the Fund does not operate any of the projects in which it has acquired an interest, shareholders must not only bear the risk that the Manager will be able to select suitable projects, but also that, once selected, such projects will be managed prudently, efficiently and fairly by the Operators.
The Manager has obtained hazard, property, general liability and other insurance in commercially reasonable amounts to cover the projects, as well as general liability and similar coverage for its business operations. However, there is no assurance that such insurance will be adequate to protect the Fund from material losses related to the projects. In addition, the Manager’s past practice has been to obtain insurance as a package that is intended to cover most, if not all, of the funds under its management. These projects are owned by affiliates of the Fund. While the Manager believes it has obtained adequate insurance in accordance with customary industry practices, the possibility exists, depending on the extent of the incident, that insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all losses. In addition, depending on the extent, nature, and payment of any claims to the Fund’s affiliates, yearly insurance limits may become exhausted and be insufficient to cover a claim made by the Fund in that year.
As to projects in which the Fund owns a working interest, the Fund deposits in a separate interest-bearing account, or a salvage fund, which is in the nature of a sinking fund, money to help provide for the Fund’s proportionate share of the cost of dismantling production platforms and facilities, plugging and abandoning the projects, and removing the platforms, facilities and projects in respect of each of such projects after their useful life, in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. There is no assurance that the salvage fund will have sufficient assets to meet these requirements and any unfunded expenses, and the Fund may be liable for such expenses. The Fund deposited $1.0 million from capital contributions into a salvage fund, which the Fund estimates to be sufficient to meet its potential requirements. If management later determines the deposit and earned interest is not enough to cover the Fund’s proportionate share of expense, the Fund will deposit payments from operating income to make up any differences.
Any portion of a salvage fund that remains after the Fund pays its share of the actual salvage cost will be distributed to the shareholders. There are no legal restrictions on the withdrawal of the salvage fund.
Seasonality
Generally, the Fund’s business operations are not subject to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for oil and natural gas that would result in more of the Fund’s oil and natural gas being sold, or likely to be sold, during one or more particular months or seasons. Once a project is drilled and reserves of oil and natural gas are determined to exist, the Operator of the project extracts such reserves throughout the year. Oil and natural gas, once extracted, can be sold at any time during the year.
However, the Fund’s drilling, production and transportation operations are subject to seasonal risks, such as hurricanes, that may affect the Fund’s ability to bring such oil or natural gas to the market and, consequently, affect the price for such oil and natural gas. The National Hurricane Center defines hurricane season in the Atlantic Region, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico to be from June 1 through November 30. During hurricane season, the number and intensity of and resulting damage from hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico region could affect the gathering and processing infrastructure, drilling platforms or the availability or price of repair or replacement equipment. As a result, these factors may affect the supply and, consequently, the price of oil and natural gas resulting in an increase in price if supplies are reduced. However, even if commodity prices increase because of weather related shortages, the Fund may not be in a position to take immediate advantage of any such price increase if, as a result of such weather related incident, damage occurred to its projects, the gathering infrastructure or in the transportation network.
The Manager has had past experiences that indicate the typical interruption in operations resulting from a hurricane that does not result in significant damage may be approximately three to seven days. The Manager has experienced the range of possible interruptions in operations due to hurricanes from as little as no damage and insignificant or no interruptions to significant damage and extended interruptions. However, it is impossible to predict whether and to what extent hurricanes and damage may occur and to what projects.
Customers
All of the oil and natural gas production from the Fund’s producing properties is sold by a third party on the Fund’s behalf. As a result, the Fund did not contract to sell oil and natural gas to third parties. Therefore, the Fund had no customers or any one customer upon which the Fund depends for more than ten percent (10%) of its revenues.
Energy Prices
Historically, the markets for crude oil and natural gas have been extremely volatile, and they are likely to continue to be volatile in the future. This volatility is caused by numerous factors and market conditions that the Fund cannot control or influence. Therefore, it is impossible to predict the future price of crude oil and natural gas with any certainty. Low commodity prices could have an adverse affect on the Fund’s future profitability. Also, the Fund has not engaged in any price risk management programs or hedges to date.
Competition
Strong competition exists in the acquisition of oil and natural gas leases and in all sectors of the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry. Although the Fund does not compete for the lease acquisition from the MMS, it does compete with other companies for the acquisition of percentage ownership interests in oil and natural gas working interests in the secondary market.
In many instances, the Fund competes for projects with large independent oil and natural gas producers who generally have significantly greater access to capital resources, have a larger staff, and more experience in oil and natural gas exploration and production than the Fund. As a result, these larger companies are in a position that they could outbid the Fund for a project. However, because these companies are so large and have such significant resources, they tend to focus more on projects that are larger, have greater reserve potential, but cost significantly more to explore and develop. These larger projects increasingly tend to be projects in the deepwater areas of the Gulf of Mexico and the North Sea off the coast of Great Britain. However, the focus of these companies on larger projects does not necessarily mean that they will not investigate and/or acquire smaller projects in shallow waters for which the Fund typically competes. Many of these larger companies have participated in the auctions for lease blocks directly from the U.S. Government. In such cases, these companies obtain from the U.S. Government 100% of the leasehold of a particular lease block in the Gulf of Mexico. In order to obtain even more resources to invest in other larger and more expensive projects, they diversify current holdings, including projects they own in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico, by selling off percentage interests in these lease blocks. As a result, very good projects in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico become available. The Fund, therefore, has opportunities to acquire interests in these smaller, yet economically attractive projects.
Employees
The Fund has no employees as the Manager operates and manages the Fund.
8
Offices
The Manager’s principal executive offices are located at 947 Linwood Avenue, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, and its phone number is 800-942-5550. The Manager also leases additional office space at 11700 Old Katy Road, Houston, TX 77079. In addition, the Manager also maintains leases for other offices that are used for administrative purposes.
Regulation
Oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities are subject to extensive federal and state laws and regulations. Regulations governing exploration and development activities require, among other things, the Fund’s operators to obtain permits to drill projects and to meet bonding, insurance and environmental requirements in order to drill, own or operate projects. In addition, the location of projects, the method of drilling and casing projects, the restoration of properties upon which projects are drilled and the plugging and abandoning of projects are also subject to regulations.
Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act
The Fund’s projects are located in the offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico on the OCS. The Fund’s operations and activities, therefore, are governed by, among other things, the OCSLA.
Under OCSLA, the United States federal government has jurisdiction over oil and natural gas development on the OCS. As a result, the United States Secretary of the Interior is empowered to sell exploration, development and production leases of a defined submerged area of the OCS, or a block, through a competitive bidding process. Such activity is conducted by the MMS, an agency of the United States Department of Interior. The MMS administers federal offshore leases pursuant to regulations promulgated under the OCSLA. Lessees must obtain MMS approval for exploration, development and production plans prior to the commencement of offshore operations. In addition, approvals and permits are required from other agencies such as the US Coast Guard, the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency. Offshore operations are subject to numerous regulatory requirements, including stringent engineering and construction specifications related to offshore production facilities and pipelines and safety-related regulations concerning the design and operating procedures of these facilities and pipelines. MMS regulations also restrict the flaring or venting of production and proposed regulations would prohibit the flaring of liquid hydrocarbons and oil without prior authorization.
The MMS has also imposed regulations governing the plugging and abandonment of wells located offshore and the installation and removal of all production facilities. Under certain circumstances, the MMS may require operations on federal leases to be suspended or terminated. Any such suspension or termination could adversely affect the Fund’s operations and interests.
The MMS conducts auctions for lease blocks of submerged areas offshore. As part of the leasing activity and as required by the OCSLA, the leases auctioned include specified lease terms such as the length of the lease, the amount of royalty to be paid, lease cancellation and suspension, and, to a degree, the planned activities of exploration and production to be conducted by the lessee. In addition, the OCSLA grants the Secretary of the Interior continuing oversight and approval authority over exploration plans throughout the term of the lease.
Sales and Transportation of Natural Gas/Oil
The Fund sells the Fund’s proportionate share of oil and natural gas to the market and receives market prices from such sales. These sales are not currently subject to regulation by any federal or state agency. However, in order for the Fund to make such sales the Fund is dependent upon unaffiliated pipeline companies whose rates, terms and conditions of transport are subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). The rates, terms and conditions are regulated by FERC pursuant to a variety of statutes including the OSCLA, the Natural Gas Policy Act and the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Generally, depending on certain factors, pipelines can charge rates that are either market-based or cost-of-service. In some circumstances, rates can be agreed upon pursuant to settlement. Thus, the rates that pipelines charge us, although regulated, are beyond the Fund’s control. Nevertheless, such rates would apply uniformly to all transporters on that pipeline and, as a result, management does not anticipate that the impact to the Fund of any changes in such rates, terms or conditions would be materially different than the impact upon other oil or natural gas producers and marketers.
Environmental Matters and Regulation
The Fund’s operations are subject to pervasive environmental laws and regulations governing the discharge of materials into the air and water and the protection of aquatic species and habitats. However, although it shares the liability along with its other working interest owners for any environmental damage, most of the activities to which these environmental laws and regulations apply are conducted by the Operator on the Fund’s behalf. Nevertheless, environmental laws and regulations to which its operations are subject may require the Fund, or the Operator, to acquire permits to commence drilling operations, restrict or prohibit the release of certain materials or substances into the environment, impose the installation of certain environmental control devices, require certain remedial measures to prevent pollution and other discharges such as the plugging of abandoned projects and, finally, impose in some instances severe penalties, fines and liabilities for the environmental damage that is caused by the Fund’s projects.
9
Some of the environmental laws that apply to oil and natural gas exploration and production are:
The Oil Pollution Act
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990, as amended (the “OPA”), amends Section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (the “Clean Water Act”) and was enacted in response to the numerous tanker spills, including the Exxon Valdez that occurred in the 1980s. Among other things, the OPA clarifies the federal response authority to, and increases penalties for, spills. The OPA establishes a new liability regime for oil pollution incidents in the aquatic environment. Essentially, the OPA provides that a responsible party for a vessel or facility from which oil is discharged or which poses a substantial threat of a discharge could be liable for certain specified damages resulting from a discharge of oil, including clean-up and remediation, loss of subsistence use of natural resources, real or personal property damages, as well as certain public and private damages. A responsible party includes a lessee of an offshore facility.
The OPA also requires a responsible party to submit proof of its financial responsibility to cover environmental cleanup and restoration costs that could be incurred in connection with an oil spill. Under the OPA, parties responsible for offshore facilities must provide financial assurance of at least $35 million to address oil spills and associated damages.
In certain limited circumstances, that amount may be increased to $150 million. As indicated earlier, the Fund has not been required to make any such showing to the MMS, as the Operators are responsible for such compliance. However, notwithstanding the Operators’ responsibility for compliance, in the event of an oil spill, the Fund, along with the Operators and other working interest owners, could be liable under the OPA for the resulting environmental damage.
Clean Water Act
Generally, the Clean Water Act imposes liability for the unauthorized discharge of pollutants including petroleum products into the surface and coastal U.S. waters except in strict conformance with discharge permits issued by the federal (or state if applicable) agency. Regulations governing water discharges also impose other requirements, such as the obligation to prepare spill response plans. The Operators are responsible for compliance with the Clean Water Act although the Fund may be liable for any failure of the Operators to do so.
Federal Clean Air Act
The Federal Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended (the “Clean Air Act”), restricts the emission of certain air pollutants. Prior to constructing new facilities, permits may be required before work can commence and existing facilities may be required to incur additional capital costs to add equipment to ensure and maintain compliance. As a result, the Fund’s operations may be required to incur additional costs to comply with the Clean Air Act.
Other Environmental Laws
In addition to the above, the Fund’s operations may be subject to theResource Conservation and Recovery Act, which regulates the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of certain hazardous wastes, as well as theComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act which imposes joint and several liability without regard to fault or legality of conduct on classes of persons who are considered responsible for the release of a hazardous substance into the environment.
The above represents a brief outline of the major environmental laws that may apply to the Fund’s operations. The Fund believes that its operators are in compliance with each of these environmental laws and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The Fund does not believe that the costs of complying with environmental laws (federal, state and local) will have a material adverse impact on the financial condition and/or operations of the Fund.
Not required.
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ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
Not applicable.
10
The information regarding the Fund’s properties that is contained under heading “Properties” in Item 1. Business of this Annual Report is incorporated herein by reference.
None.
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ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
None.
PART II.
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ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SECURITY HOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
Market Price of Common Units, Distributions and Related Shareholder Matters
There is currently no established public trading market for the Shares. As of the date of this filing, there were approximately 1,300 holders of Fund shares. The Fund began payment of cash dividends to the Fund shareholders and the Manager in September 2007. The Fund may distribute dividends from available cash from operations as defined in the LLC Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2007, $0.7 million and $0.1 million have been paid to the Fund shareholders and the Manager, respectively.
Participation in Costs and Revenues
The Fund’s investment objective is primarily to generate current cash flow for distribution to shareholders from the operation of the Fund projects to the extent that such distributions are consistent with the reserve requirements and operational needs of those projects. If the Fund does make distributions, this section describes how the Fund will:
| | |
| • | determine what cash flow will be available for distributions to shareholders, |
| | |
| • | distribute available cash flow, |
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| • | give the Manager a share of cash flow, if available, |
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| • | handle returns of capital contributions, |
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| • | allocate income and deductions for tax purposes, and |
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| • | maintain capital accounts for shareholders. |
Available cash determines what amounts in cash the Fund will be able to distribute in cash to shareholders. There are three types of available cash as follows:
“Available Cash from Capital Transactions” is total cash received by the Fund from the proceeds of the sale or other disposition of the Fund’s property (including items such as insurance proceeds and other amounts received out of the ordinary course of business), but excluding dispositions of temporary investments of the Fund.
“Available Cash from Temporary Investments” is cash from short-term investments (i.e. U.S. Treasury Bills, certificates of deposits) and other interest bearing cash accounts.
“Available Cash from Operations” is all other available cash.
There is no fixed requirement to distribute available cash; instead, it will be distributed to shareholders to the extent and at such times as the Manager believes is advisable. Once the amount and timing of a distribution is determined, it shall be made to shareholders as described below.
Distributions from Operations
At various times during a calendar year, the Fund will determine whether there is enough available cash from operations for a distribution to shareholders. The amount of available cash from operations determined to be available, if any, will be distributed to the shareholders. At all times, the Manager will be entitled to 15% and shareholders will be entitled to 85% of the available cash from operations distributed.
11
Distributions of Available Cash from Capital Transactions
Available cash from capital transactions that the Fund decides to distribute will be paid as follows:
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| • | Before shareholders have received total distributions equal to their capital contributions, 99% of available cash from capital transactions will be distributed to shareholders and 1% to the Manager. |
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| • | After shareholders have received total distributions equal to their capital contributions, 85% of available cash from capital transactions will be distributed to shareholders and 15% to the Manager. |
General Distribution Provisions
Distributions to shareholders under the foregoing provisions will be apportioned among them in proportion to their ownership of their shares. The Manager has the sole discretion to determine the amount and frequency of any distributions; provided, however, that a distribution may not be made selectively to one shareholder or group of shareholders but must be made ratably to all shareholders entitled to that type of distribution at that time. The Manager in its discretion nevertheless may credit select persons with a portion of its compensation from the Fund or distributions otherwise payable to the Manager.
Because distributions, if any, will be dependent upon the earnings and financial condition of the Fund, its anticipated obligations, the Manager’s discretion and other factors, there can be no assurance as to the frequency or amounts of any distributions that the Fund may make.
Return of Capital Contributions
If the Fund for any reason at any time does not find it necessary or appropriate to retain or expend all capital contributions, in its sole discretion it may return any or all of such excess capital contributions ratably to shareholders. A return of capital contributions is not treated as a distribution. The Fund and the Manager will not be required to return any fees deducted from the original capital contribution or any costs and expenses incurred and paid by the Fund. Any such return of capital will decrease the shareholders’ capital contributions.
Capital Accounts and Allocations
The tax consequences of an investment in the Fund to a shareholder in the event of dissolution depend on the shareholder’s capital account and on the allocations of profits and losses to that account. The Fund’s taxable profits or losses are allocated among the shareholders as described below and profits or losses are added to or subtracted from the shareholders’ capital accounts. The amounts allocated to each shareholder will generally not be equal to the distributions the shareholder receives until final liquidating distributions are made to shareholders.
The Fund does not currently anticipate that any contributions or distributions of property will be made. Certain additional adjustments to capital accounts will be made if necessary to account for the effects of non-recourse debt incurred by the Fund, if any, or contributions of property, if any, to the Fund.
During the period from February 1, 2006 until June 12, 2006, the Fund issued an aggregate 839.5395 shares for gross proceeds of $124.4 million. All sales of unregistered securities relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. All of the sales were made without the use of an underwriter. All purchasers of Shares represented and warranted to the Fund that they were accredited investors as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and that the shares were being purchased for investment and not for resale.
From the amount raised, $14.2 million was disbursed for commissions and legal syndication fees. Additionally, $5.6 million was paid as an investment fee to Ridgewood Energy Corporation, the Manager, for the investigation and evaluation of investment property prospects. Remaining funds are expected to be used for exploration and development activities of oil and gas properties as well as the operation of the Fund.
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ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
Not required.
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ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Overview of the Fund’s Business
The Fund is an independent oil and natural gas producer. The Fund’s primary investment objective is to generate cash flow for distribution to its shareholders through participation in oil and natural gas exploration and development projects in the Gulf of Mexico. The Fund began its operations by offering its Shares in a private offering on February 1, 2006. As a result of such offering, which was terminated on June 12, 2007, the Fund raised approximately $124.4 million through the sale of 839.5395 shares of LLC membership interest. After the payment of approximately $19.9 million in offering fees, commissions and investment fees to the Manager, affiliates and broker-dealers, the Fund retained approximately $104.5 million available for investment. Investment fees represent a one-time fee of 4.5% of initial capital contributions. The fee was payable for the service of investigating and evaluating investment opportunities and expensed as incurred. Since inception in December 2005, the Fund has acquired an interest in nine wells. The Fund was notified by project operators that three of the projects resulted in dry holes. See also Item 1. “Business”.
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The Manager performs certain duties on the Fund’s behalf including the evaluation of potential projects for investment and ongoing administrative and advisory services associated with these projects. The Fund does not currently, nor is there any plan to operate any project in which the Fund participates. The Manager enters into operating agreements with third-party operators for the management of all exploration, development and producing operations, as appropriate. As compensation for the above duties, the Manager was paid a one-time investment fee (4.5% of capital raised) for the evaluation of projects on the Fund’s behalf and an annual management fee (2.5% of capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole costs incurred), payable monthly, for ongoing administrative and advisory duties as well as reimbursement of expenses. See also Item 1. “Business”.
Revenues are subject to the markets for crude oil and natural gas, which have been extremely volatile, and are likely to continue to be volatile in the future. This volatility is caused by numerous factors and market conditions that the Fund cannot control or influence. Therefore, it is impossible to predict the future price of crude oil and natural gas with any certainty. Low commodity prices could have an adverse affect on the Fund’s future profitability.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The discussion and analysis of the Fund’s financial condition and results of operations are based upon its financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. In preparing these financial statements, the Fund is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the reported amounts of the Fund’s assets and liabilities, including the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of the Fund’s revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The Fund evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. The Fund bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that the Fund believes to be reasonable at the time the estimates and assumptions are made. However, future events and actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences may have a material impact on the results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. See Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” contained in this Annual Report for a discussion of the Fund’s significant accounting policies.
Accounting for Exploration and Development Costs
Exploration and production activities are accounted for using the successful efforts method. Costs of acquiring unproved and proved oil and gas leasehold acreage, including lease bonuses, brokers’ fees and other related costs, are capitalized. Annual lease rentals, exploration expenses and exploratory dry-hole costs are expensed as incurred. Costs of drilling and equipping productive wells, including development dry holes, and related production facilities are capitalized.
The costs of exploratory wells that find oil and gas reserves are capitalized pending determination of whether proved reserves have been found. Exploratory drilling costs remain capitalized after drilling is completed if (1) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify completion as a producing well and (2) sufficient progress is being made in assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. If either of those criteria is not met, or if there is substantial doubt about the economic or operational viability of the project, the capitalized well costs are charged to expense. Indicators of sufficient progress in assessing reserves and the economic and operating viability of a project include: commitment of project personnel, active negotiations for sales contracts with customers, negotiations with governments, operators and contractors and firm plans for additional drilling and other factors.
Proved Reserves
Annually, the Fund engages an independent petroleum engineer, Ryder Scott Company, L.P., to perform a comprehensive study of the Fund’s proved, or successful properties to determine the quantities of reserves and the period over which such reserves will be recoverable. The Fund’s estimates of proved reserves are based on the quantities of natural gas and oil which geological and engineering data demonstrate, with reasonable certainty, to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. However, there are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and in projecting future revenues, rates of production and timing of development expenditures, including many factors beyond the Fund’s control. The estimation process is very complex and relies on assumptions and subjective interpretations of available geologic, geophysical, engineering and production data and the accuracy of reserve estimates is a function of the quality and quantity of available data, engineering and geological interpretation, and judgment. In addition, as a result of volatility and changing market conditions, commodity prices and future development costs will change from period to period, causing estimates of proved reserves and future net revenue to change. Estimates of proved reserves are key components of the Fund’s most significant financial estimates involving its rate for recording depreciation, depletion and amortization.
13
Unproved Properties
Unproved properties is comprised of capital costs incurred for undeveloped acreage, wells and production facilities in progress, wells pending determination and related capitalized interest. These costs are initially excluded from the depletion base until the outcome of the project has been determined, or generally, until it is known whether proved reserves will or will not be assigned to the property. The Fund assesses all items in its unproved property balance on an ongoing basis for possible impairment or reduction in value. Substantially all of the costs included in its unproved property balances are evaluated within two years.
Asset Retirement Obligations
For oil and natural gas properties, there are obligations to perform removal and remediation activities when the properties are retired. When a project reaches drilling depth and is determined to be either proved or dry, a liability is recognized for the fair value of legally required asset retirement obligations once it can be reasonably estimated. The Fund capitalizes the associated asset retirement costs as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived assets. Plug and abandonment costs associated with unsuccessful projects are expensed as dry-hole costs.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Fund reviews long-lived assets, including oil and natural gas fields, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recovered. Long-lived assets are tested based on identifiable cash flows (the field level for oil and natural gas assets) and are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying amounts of the long-lived assets are not expected to be recovered by undiscounted future net cash flow estimates, the assets are impaired and an impairment loss is recorded. The amount of impairment is based on the estimated fair value of the assets determined by discounting anticipated future net cash flows.
In the case of oil and natural gas fields, the present value of future net cash flows is based on management’s best estimate of future prices, which is determined with reference to recent historical prices and published forward prices, applied to projected production volumes of individual fields and discounted at a rate commensurate with the risks involved. The projected production volumes represent reserves, including probable reserves, expected to be produced based on a stipulated amount of capital expenditures. The production volumes, prices and timing of production are consistent with internal projections and other externally reported information. Oil and natural gas prices used for determining asset impairments will generally differ from those used in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, since the standardized measure requires the use of actual prices on the last day of the year.
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the Fund’s results of operations, and should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s financial statements and the notes thereto included within Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” contained in this Annual Report. As the Fund’s inception was December 2005, and as a result of the private placement offering that commenced shortly thereafter, there were certain one-time costs incurred in 2006 causing the periods to be non-comparable regarding these costs.
14
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Revenue | | | | | | | |
Oil and gas revenue | | $ | 3,085 | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | |
Dry-hole costs | | | 2,450 | | | 26,783 | |
Depletion and amortization | | | 1,898 | | | — | |
Investment fees to affiliate | | | — | | | 5,642 | |
Management fees to affiliate | | | 2,424 | | | 2,377 | |
Lease operating expenses | | | 104 | | | — | |
Other operating expense | | | 311 | | | 11 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 1,209 | | | 619 | |
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|
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|
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Total expenses | | | 8,396 | | | 35,432 | |
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|
| |
|
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Loss from operations | | | (5,311 | ) | | (35,432 | ) |
Other income | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 3,099 | | | 3,085 | |
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|
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|
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Net loss | | $ | (2,212 | ) | $ | (32,347 | ) |
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|
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|
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Year Ended December 31, 2007 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2006
Oil and Gas Revenue. During 2006 and the first three months of 2007, the Fund did not record any operating revenue and was considered an exploratory stage enterprise. As a result of the onset production for Main Pass 275 and West Cameron 75, which began in April 2007 and December 2007, respectively, the Fund has recorded revenue of $3.1 million.
Natural gas production volumes sold were 286 million cubic feet and the average price for the periods of production was $8.17 per thousand cubic feet. Oil production for the year ended December 31, 2007 was approximately 9,500 barrels and the average price was $77 per barrel.
Dry-hole costs. Dry-hole costs are those costs incurred to drill and develop a well, which is ultimately found to be incapable of producing either oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion of the well. The following table summarizes dry-hole costs inclusive of plug and abandonment.
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| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Lease block | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Viosca Knoll 207 | | $ | 308 | | $ | 6,846 | |
Garden Banks 346/390 | | | 561 | | | 19,937 | |
Ship Shoal 81 | | | 1,581 | | | — | |
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|
| |
| | $ | 2,450 | | $ | 26,783 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Depletion and Amortization. Depletion and amortization was $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. There was no depletion and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2006, as production began for Main Pass 275 in April 2007 and West Cameron 75 in December 2007.
Investment Fees.The Manager was paid a one time investment fee of 4.5% of initial capital contributions. The fee was payable for the service of investigating and evaluating investment opportunities and affecting transactions and were expensed as incurred. Investments fees were $5.6 million, for the year ended December 31, 2006. There were no investment fees incurred for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Management Fees.Management fees for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 were $2.4 million. The Manager receive s an annual management fee of 2.5% of total capital contributions, payable monthly, to cover expenses associated with overhead incurred by the Manager for its on-going management, administrative and advisory services. Such overhead expenses include but are not limited to rent, payroll and benefits for employees of the Manager, and other administrative costs. Commencing on January 1, 2007, the management fee, was reduced by 2.5% of the cumulative dry-hole expenses incurred by the Fund. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the aforementioned reduction in the management fees was principally offset by an increase in average outstanding capital contributions.
15
Lease Operating Expenses. Lease operating expenses represent the day-to-day cost of operating and maintaining wells and related facilities. For the year ended December 31, 2007, lease operating expenses were $0.1 million. There were no lease operating expenses for 2006 as production had not yet commenced.
Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses represent geological and geophysical expenses and accretion of the asset retirement obligation. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 other operating expenses were $0.3 million and $11 thousand, respectively. The increase represents geological costs related to the acquisition of seismic data for West Cameron 75.
General and Administrative Expenses.Accounting, legal, fiduciary fees and insurance expenses represent costs specifically identifiable or allocable to the Fund. The following table summarizes general and administrative expenses.
| | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Insurance | | $ | 923 | | $ | 443 | |
Accounting and legal fees | | | 177 | | | 88 | |
Trust fees | | | 109 | | | 80 | |
Other | | | — | | | 8 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | $ | 1,209 | | $ | 619 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Accounting and legal fees represent annual audit and tax preparation fees, quarterly reviews and filing fees of the Fund and have increased since 2006 due to additional SEC filing requirements once the Fund became effective in 2007. Trust fees represent bank fees associated with the management of the Fund’s short-term investment portfolio in US Treasury securities which were opened in 2006. Insurance expense represents premiums related to well control insurance and directors and officers liability policy and are allocated by the Manager to the Fund based on capital raised by the Fund to total capital raised by all oil and natural gas funds managed by the Manager. The increase in the insurance expenses relates to the timing of the drilling of the Fund’s wells.
Other Income.Interest income represents interest earned on money market accounts and US Treasury securities. Interest income for both years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $3.1 million. There was a slight increase as a result of increasing rates, which was offset by a reduction in the investment balance.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Operating Cash Flows
Cash flows used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $0.4 million, primarily related to payments for management fees, general and administrative expenses and operating expenses of $2.4 million, $1.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, offset by revenue received of $2.2 million, interest income received of $1.4 million and favorable working capital of $0.1 million.
Cash flows used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 were $6.9 million, primarily related to payments for investment fees, management fees and general and administrative expenses of $5.6 million, $2.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, offset by interest income received of $1.7 million.
Investing Cash Flows
Cash flows used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $41.6 million. The Fund made investments in held-to-maturity securities of $50.9 million and available-for-sale securities of $20.0 million, and received proceeds of $68.7 million from held-to-maturity securities that matured during 2007. Additionally, the Fund made capital expenditures of $39.4 million for unproved oil and natural gas properties during 2007, of which $8.2 million were determined to be unsuccessful, or dry holes.
Cash flows used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 were $53.2 million. The Fund made investments in marketable securities of $84.1 million, inclusive of salvage fund, and received proceeds of $51.3 million from marketable securities that matured during 2006. Additionally, the Fund made capital expenditures of $20.4 million for unproved oil and natural gas properties during 2006, of which $20.3 million were determined to be unsuccessful, or dry holes.
16
Financing Cash Flows
Cash flows used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $0.8 million, primarily related to distributions paid of $0.8 million, offset by the collection of the $60 thousand of capital contributions, net of syndication costs of $11 thousand.
Cash flows provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 were $110.1 million, primarily related to cash receipts of $124.3 million obtained from the Fund’s private offering, offset by $14.2 million of payments for syndication costs. At December 31, 2006, there was one outstanding subscription receivable of $60 thousand and $12 thousand of syndication costs payable.
Estimated Capital Expenditures
The Fund has entered into multiple offshore operating agreements for the drilling and development of its investment properties. The estimated capital expenditures associated with these agreements can vary depending on the stage of development on a property-by-property basis. As of December 31, 2007, the Fund had commitments related to authorizations for expenditures totaling $3.4 million for properties. If the properties were to be successful, the Fund would make additional expenditures totaling $9.1 million related to the completion of these properties.
Liquidity Needs
The Fund’s primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund its 2008 operations, including management fees and capital expenditures, with existing cash on-hand and income earned from its short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents. The Manager is entitled to receive an annual management fee from the Fund regardless of whether the Fund is profitable in that year. The annual fee, payable monthly, is equal to 2.5% of total capital contributed by shareholders, net of cumulative dry-hole costs.
With respect to the payment of management fees, until one of the Fund’s projects begins producing, all or a portion of the management fee is paid generally from the interest or dividend income generated by the Fund’s development capital that has not been spent, although the management fee can be paid out of capital contributions. Such interest and/or dividend income is more than enough to cover Fund expenses, including the management fee. Generally, it can take anywhere from 18 to 24 months to bring a project to production. Once a well is on production, the management fee and fund expenses are paid from operating income. Over time, as a well produces, the Fund may recover some or the entire management fee that may have been paid out of capital contributions.
Distributions, if any, are funded from cash flow from operations, and the frequency and amount are within the Manager’s discretion subject to available cash from operations, reserve requirements and Fund operations.
The capital raised by the Fund in its private placement is more than likely all the capital it will be able to obtain for investments in projects. The number of projects in which the Fund can invest will naturally be limited and each unsuccessful project the Fund experiences, if any, will not only reduce its ability to generate revenue, but also exhaust its limited supply of capital. Typically for a fund, the Manager seeks an investment portfolio that combines high and low risk exploratory projects.
When the Manager makes a decision for participation in a particular project, it assumes that the well will be successful and allocates enough capital to budget for the completion of that well and the additional development wells that are anticipated to be drilled. If the exploratory well is deemed a dry hole or if it is un-economical, the capital allocated to the completion of that well and to the development of additional wells is then reallocated to a new project or used to make additional investments.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Fund had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and does not anticipate the use of such arrangements in the future.
Contractual Obligations
The Fund enters into operating agreements with operators. On behalf of the Fund, an operator enters into various contractual commitments pertaining to exploration, development and production activities. The Fund does not discuss or negotiate any such contracts. No contractual obligations exist at December 31, 2007 and 2006.
17
| |
ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Not required.
| |
ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. |
All financial statements meeting the requirements of Regulation S-X and the supplementary financial information required by Item 302 of Regulation S-K are included in the financial statements listed in Item 15 and filed as part of this report.
| |
ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
| |
ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Fund, management of the Fund and the Manager carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Fund’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of December 31, 2007. Based upon the evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Fund’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Fund is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)). The Fund’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management of the Fund, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment, management of the Fund used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO”) inInternal Control — Integrated Framework.
Based on their assessment using those criteria, management of the Fund concluded that, as of December 31, 2007, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Fund’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. The Fund’s report was not subject to attestation by the Fund’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Fund to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Fund have concluded that there have not been any changes in the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting.
| |
ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
18
PART III
| |
ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
The Fund has engaged Ridgewood Energy Corporation as Manager. The Manager has very broad authority, including the authority to appoint the executive officers of the Fund.
Executive officers of Ridgewood Energy and the Fund and their ages at December 31, 2007 are as follows:
| | |
Name, Age and Position with Registrant | | Officer Since |
| | |
Robert E. Swanson, 60 | | |
President and Chief Executive Officer | | 1982 |
| | |
W. Greg Tabor, 47 | | |
Executive Vice President and | | |
Director of Business Development | | 2004 |
| | |
Robert L. Gold, 49 | | |
Executive Vice President | | 1987 |
| | |
Kathleen P. McSherry, 42 | | |
Executive Vice President and | | |
Chief Financial Officer | | 2000 |
| | |
Daniel V. Gulino, 47 | | |
Senior Vice President and General Counsel | | 2003 |
| | |
Adrien Doherty, 55 | | |
Executive Vice President | | 2006 |
Set forth below is the name of and certain biographical information regarding, the executive officers of Ridgewood Energy and the Fund:
Robert E. Swanson has served as the President, Chief Executive Officer, sole director, and sole stockholder of Ridgewood Energy since its inception. Mr. Swanson is also the controlling member of Ridgewood Renewable Power, LLC (“Ridgewood Power”) and Ridgewood Capital Corporation (“Ridgewood Capital”), affiliates of Ridgewood Energy. Mr. Swanson has been President and registered principal of Ridgewood Securities Management, LLC and has served as the Chairman of the Board of Ridgewood Capital since its organization in 1998. Mr. Swanson is a member of the New York State and New Jersey State Bars, the Association of the Bar of the City of New York and the New York State Bar Association. He is a graduate of Amherst College and Fordham University Law School.
Greg Tabor has served as the Executive Vice President and Director of Business Development for Ridgewood Energy since January 2004. Mr. Tabor was senior business development manager for El Paso Production Company from December 2001 to December 2003. From April 2000 to December 2001, Mr. Tabor was Vice President, Business Development for Madison Energy Advisors. Mr. Tabor is a graduate of the University of Houston.
Robert L. Gold has served as the Executive Vice President of Ridgewood Energy since 1987. Mr. Gold is also Executive Vice President of Ridgewood Power. Mr. Gold has also served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Ridgewood Capital since its inception in 1998. Mr. Gold is a member of the New York State Bar. He is a graduate of Colgate University and New York University School of Law.
Kathleen P. McSherry has served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Ridgewood Energy since 2000. Ms. McSherry has been employed by Ridgewood Energy since 1987, first as the Assistant Controller and then as the Controller before being promoted to Chief Financial Officer in 2000. Ms. McSherry also serves as Vice President of Systems and Administration of Ridgewood Power. Ms. McSherry holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting.
19
Daniel V. Gulino has served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Ridgewood Energy since August 2003. Mr. Gulino also serves as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Ridgewood Power Management, Ridgewood Power, and Ridgewood Capital and has done so since 2000. Mr. Gulino is a member of the New Jersey State and Pennsylvania State Bars. He is a graduate of Fairleigh Dickinson University and Rutgers School of Law.
Adrien Doherty has served as Executive Vice President of Ridgewood Energy since 2006. Mr. Doherty joined Ridgewood Energy after a thirty year career in investment banking, most recently as Head of Barclay’s Capital’s oil and gas banking effort. Mr. Doherty is a graduate of Amherst College and the Wharton Graduate Division of the University of Pennsylvania.
Code of Ethics
The Manager of the Fund has adopted a code of ethics for all employees, including the Manager’s principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer. If any amendments are made to the code of ethics or the Manager of the Fund grants any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the code to any the Manager’s executive officers, the Fund will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website or in a current report on Form 8-K. Copies of the code of ethics are available, without charge, on the Manager’s website at www.ridgewoodenergy.com and in print upon written request to the business address of the Manager at 947 Linwood Avenue, Ridgewood, New Jersey 07450, ATTN: General Counsel.
Board of Directors and Board Committees
The Fund does not have its own board of directors or any board committees. The Fund relies upon the Manager to provide recommendations regarding dispositions and financial disclosure. Officers of the Fund are not compensated by the Fund, and all compensation matters are addressed by the Manager, as described in Item 11. “Executive Compensation” of this Annual Report. Because the Fund does not maintain a board of directors and because officers of the Fund are compensated by the Manager, the Manager believes that it is appropriate for the Fund to not have a nominating or compensation committee.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, as amended, requires the Fund’s executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Fund’s equity securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. Based on a review of the copies of reports furnished or otherwise available to the Fund, the Fund believes that during the year ended December 31, 2007, all filing requirements applicable to its officers, directors and 10% beneficial owners were met.
| |
ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The executive officers of the Fund do not receive compensation from the Fund. The Manager, or its affiliates, compensates the officers without additional payments by the Fund. See Item 13. “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence” for more information regarding Manager compensation and payments to affiliated entities.
| |
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SECURITY HOLDERS MATTERS |
The following table sets forth information with respect to beneficial ownership of the shares as of March 14, 2008 (no person owns more than 5% of the shares) by:
| | |
| • | each executive officer (there are no directors); and |
| | |
| • | all of the executive officers as a group. |
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 839.5395 shares outstanding at December 31, 2007. Other than the below, no officer and director owns any of the Fund’s shares.
| | | | | |
Name of beneficial owner | | Number of shares | | Percent | |
| |
| |
| |
Robert E. Swanson (1), President and Chief Executive Officer | | 3.6667 | | | * |
Executive officers as a group (1) | | 3.6667 | | | * |
|
|
* Represents less than one percent. |
|
(1) Includes shares owned by Mr. Swanson’s family members and Trusts, which he controls. |
20
| |
ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
In 2006, Ridgewood Energy Corporation, the Manager, was paid a one-time investment fee of 4.5% of capital contributions. These fees were payable for services provided by the Manager of locating, investigating and evaluating investment opportunities and expensed as incurred. These fees were $5.6 million, of which $12 thousand was included in due to affiliates at December 31, 2006. There were no amounts payable at December 31, 2007.
The Fund’s LLC Agreement provides that the Manager render management, administrative and advisory services. For such services, the Manager receives an annual management fee, payable monthly, of 2.5% of total capital contributions net of cumulative dry-hole costs. In 2007, the Manager changed its policy regarding the management fee calculation, and netted cumulative dry-hole costs against the total capital contributions, thus reducing its annual fee on a go-forward basis. Management fees of $2.4 million were incurred and paid for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
In 2006 the Manager was paid an offering fee of $4.4 million, which approximated 3.5% of capital contributions directly related of offer and sale of shares of the Fund. Such offering fee was included in syndication costs of $14.2 million. Of this amount, $9 thousand was included in due to affiliates at December 31, 2006. There were no amounts payable at December 31, 2007.
From time to time, short-term payables and receivables, which do not bear interest, arise from transactions with affiliates in the ordinary course of business. At December 31, 2007 the Manager owed the Fund $18 thousand relating to these transactions, which is classified as due from affiliates at December 31, 2007.
In 2006, Ridgewood Securities Corporation, a registered broker-dealer affiliated with the Manager, was paid selling commissions and placement fees of $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, for shares of the Fund sold, which are reflected in syndication costs of $14.2 million. At December 31, 2006, $2 thousand was included in due to affiliates. There were no amounts payable at December 31, 2007.
None of the compensation to be received by the Manager has been derived as a result of arm’s length negotiations.
The Fund has working interest ownership in certain projects to acquire and develop oil and natural gas projects with other entities that are likewise managed by the Manager.
| |
ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
The following table presents fees for services rendered by Deloitte & Touche, LLP for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
| | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Audit Fees (1) | | $ | 125 | | $ | 40 | |
Tax fees (2) | | | — | | | 15 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total | | $ | 125 | | $ | 55 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
(1) | Fees for audit of annual financial statements, reviews of the related quarterly financial statements, and reviews of documents filed with the SEC. |
| |
(2) | Fees related to professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. |
PART IV.
| |
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. |
| |
(a) (1) | Financial Statements |
See “Index to Financial Statements” set forth on page F-1.
21
| |
(a) (2) | Financial Statement Schedules |
None.
| | |
Exhibit No. | | Description |
| |
|
| | |
23.1 | | Consent of Ryder Scott Company, L.P. |
| | |
31.1 | * | Certification of Robert E. Swanson, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). |
| | |
31.2 | * | Certification of Kathleen P. McSherry, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). |
| | |
32 | * | Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by Robert E. Swanson, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Kathleen P. McSherry, Chief Financial Officer of the Company. |
22
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Manager of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC (the “Fund”) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the related statements of operations, changes in members’ capital and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Fund is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
March 14, 2008
Parsippany, New Jersey
F-2
RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
ASSETS | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 7,296 | | $ | 50,050 | |
Short-term investment in marketable securities | | | 17,000 | | | 33,138 | |
Production receivable | | | 893 | | | — | |
Due from affiliates (Note 6) | | | 18 | | | — | |
Other current assets | | | 191 | | | 89 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total current assets | | | 25,398 | | | 83,277 | |
|
Salvage fund | | | 1,081 | | | 1,030 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Long-term investment | | | 19,963 | | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Oil and gas properties: | | | | | | | |
Unproved properties | | | 11,215 | | | 641 | |
Proved properties | | | 26,720 | | | — | |
Less: accumulated depletion and amortization-proved properties | | | (1,898 | ) | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total oil and gas properties | | | 36,037 | | | 641 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total assets | | $ | 82,479 | | $ | 84,948 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’ CAPITAL | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Due to operators | | $ | 7,350 | | $ | 7,064 | |
Accrued expenses payable | | | 191 | | | 104 | |
Due to affiliates (Note 6) | | | — | | | 23 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total current liabilities | | | 7,541 | | | 7,191 | |
|
Asset retirement obligations | | | 131 | | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total liabilities | | | 7,672 | | | 7,191 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | | | | | | | |
Members’ capital: | | | | | | | |
Manager: | | | | | | | |
Distributions | | | (120 | ) | | — | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (773 | ) | | (675 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Manager’s total | | | (893 | ) | | (675 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Shareholders: | | | | | | | |
Capital contributions (1,000 shares authorized; 839.5395 issued and outstanding) | | | 124,401 | | | 124,401 | |
Syndication costs | | | (14,236 | ) | | (14,237 | ) |
Distributions | | | (679 | ) | | — | |
Subscription receivable | | | — | | | (60 | ) |
Accumulated deficit | | | (33,786 | ) | | (31,672 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | 75,700 | | | 78,432 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total members’ capital | | | 74,807 | | | 77,757 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total liabilities and members’ capital | | $ | 82,479 | | $ | 84,948 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-3
RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share amounts)
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
Revenue | | | | | | | |
Oil and gas revenue | | $ | 3,085 | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | |
Dry-hole costs | | | 2,450 | | | 26,783 | |
Depletion and amortization | | | 1,898 | | | — | |
Investment fees to affiliate (Note 6) | | | — | | | 5,642 | |
Management fees to affiliate (Note 6) | | | 2,424 | | | 2,377 | |
Lease operating expenses | | | 104 | | | — | |
Other operating expenses | | | 311 | | | 11 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 1,209 | | | 619 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total expenses | | | 8,396 | | | 35,432 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Loss from operations | | | (5,311 | ) | | (35,432 | ) |
Other income | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 3,099 | | | 3,085 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net loss | | $ | (2,212 | ) | $ | (32,347 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Manager Interest | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (98 | ) | $ | (675 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Shareholder Interest | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (2,114 | ) | $ | (31,672 | ) |
Net loss per share | | $ | (2,518 | ) | $ | (37,725 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-4
RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS’ CAPITAL
(in thousands, except share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | # of Shares | | Manager | | Shareholders | | Total | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Balances, January 1, 2006 | | | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ capital contributions | | | 839.5395 | | | — | | | 124,401 | | | 124,401 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Syndication costs (included offering fee of $4,388 paid to the Manager and selling commissions and placement fees of $166 and $1,188 respectively, paid to Ridgewood Securities Corp. - Note 6) | | | — | | | — | | | (14,237 | ) | | (14,237 | ) |
Subscription receivable | | | — | | | — | | | (60 | ) | | (60 | ) |
Net loss | | | — | | | (675 | ) | | (31,672 | ) | | (32,347 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Balances, December 31, 2006 | | | 839.5395 | | | (675 | ) | | 78,432 | | | 77,757 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Syndication costs | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
Distributions | | | — | | | (120 | ) | | (679 | ) | | (799 | ) |
Subscription receivable collected | | | — | | | — | | | 60 | | | 60 | |
Net loss | | | — | | | (98 | ) | | (2,114 | ) | | (2,212 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances, December 31, 2007 | | | 839.5395 | | $ | (893 | ) | $ | 75,700 | | $ | 74,807 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-5
RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | | | | | | |
Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (2,212 | ) | $ | (32,347 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | |
Dry-hole costs | | | 2,450 | | | 26,783 | |
Interest earned on marketable securities | | | (1,629 | ) | | (1,366 | ) |
Accretion expense | | | 3 | | | — | |
Depletion and amortization | | | 1,898 | | | — | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Increase in production receivable | | | (893 | ) | | — | |
Increase in other current assets | | | (102 | ) | | (89 | ) |
Increase in due to operator | | | 54 | | | — | |
Increase in accrued expenses payable | | | 87 | | | 104 | |
(Decrease) increase in due to affiliates | | | (29 | ) | | 12 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (373 | ) | | (6,903 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | | |
Capital expenditures for properties | | | (39,384 | ) | | (20,360 | ) |
Salvage fund investments | | | (51 | ) | | (1,030 | ) |
Proceeds from the sale of held-to-maturity securities | | | 68,698 | | | 51,317 | |
Investment in held-to-maturity securities | | | (50,931 | ) | | (83,090 | ) |
Investment in available-for-sale securities | | | (19,963 | ) | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (41,631 | ) | | (53,163 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | | | |
Contributions from shareholders | | | 60 | | | 124,341 | |
Distributions | | | (799 | ) | | — | |
Syndication costs paid | | | (11 | ) | | (14,225 | ) |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (750 | ) | | 110,116 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | (42,754 | ) | | 50,050 | |
| | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | | 50,050 | | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 7,296 | | $ | 50,050 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Supplemental schedule of non-cash financing activities | | | | | | | |
Subscriptions receivable | | $ | — | | $ | 60 | |
Accrual for syndication costs | | $ | — | | $ | 12 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-6
RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization and Purpose
The Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC (the “Fund”), a Delaware limited liability company, was formed on December 19, 2005 and operates pursuant to a limited liability company agreement (the “LLC agreement”) dated as of February 1, 2006 by and among Ridgewood Energy Corporation (the “Manager”) and the shareholders of the Fund. Although the date of formation is December 19, 2005, the Fund did not begin business activities until February 1, 2006 when it began its private offering of shares of LLC member interest (the “Shares”).
The Fund was organized to acquire, drill, construct and develop oil and natural gas properties located in the United States offshore waters of Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico. The Fund has devoted most of its efforts to raising capital and oil and natural gas exploration activities. As of April 2007 the Fund began earning revenue from its operations and has ceased to be in the exploratory stage. Prior to April 2007, the Fund had been classified as an exploratory stage enterprise.
The Manager performs (or arranges for the performance of) the management, administrative and advisory services required for Fund operations. Such services include, without limitation, the administration of shareholder accounts, shareholder relations and the preparation, review and dissemination of tax and other financial information. In addition, the Manager provides office space, equipment and facilities and other services necessary for Fund operations. The Manager also engages and manages the contractual relations with outside custodians, depositories, accountants, attorneys, broker-dealers, corporate fiduciaries, insurers, banks and others as required (Notes 2, 6 and 8).
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Manager reviews its estimates, including those related to amounts advanced to and billed by operators, determination of proved reserves, impairments and asset retirement obligations. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
All highly liquid investments with maturities when purchased of three months or less are considered as cash and cash equivalents. At times, bank deposits may be in excess of federal insured limits. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, bank balances inclusive of the salvage fund exceeded federally insured limits by $7.1 million and $24.9 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents of nil and $25.0 million are investments in three month US Treasury Bills at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Investments in Marketable Securities
At times the Fund may invest in United States Treasury Bills and Notes. These investments are considered short-term when their maturities are greater than three months and less than one year and long-term when their maturities are in excess of twelve months. The Fund currently has short-term investments that are classified as held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are those investments that the Fund has the ability and intent to hold until maturity, and are recorded at cost plus accrued income, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and discounts, which approximate fair value. At December 31, 2007, the Fund had short-term held-to-maturity investments, inclusive of the salvage fund, totaling $18.1 million, maturing in the first and second quarters of 2008.
The Fund currently has long-term investments, totaling $20 million, which mature in December 2009, that are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried in the financial statements at fair value, and as the investments were purchased on December 31, 2007 there were no unrealized gains or losses.
There were no available-for-sale investments, short or long-term, at December 31, 2006.
F-7
For all investments, interest income is accrued as earned and amortization of premium or discount, if any, is included in interest income. Unrealized gains or losses for available-for-sale securities are reported in other comprehensive income until realized.
Salvage Fund
Pursuant to the Fund’s LLC Agreement, the Fund deposits in a separate interest-bearing account, or a salvage fund, money to provide for dismantling production platforms and facilities, plugging and abandoning the wells and removing the platforms, facilities and wells after their useful lives, in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations.
Interest earned on the account will become part of the salvage fund; there are no legal restrictions on withdrawals from the salvage fund.
Oil and Natural Gas Properties
Investments in oil and natural gas properties are operated by unaffiliated entities (the “Operators”) who are responsible for drilling, administering and producing activities pursuant to the terms of the applicable Operating Agreements with working interest owners. The Fund’s portion of exploration, drilling, operating and capital equipment expenditures relating to the wells are advanced and billed by Operators through authorization for expenditures.
The successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas producing activities is followed. Acquisition costs are capitalized when incurred. Other oil and natural gas exploration costs, excluding the costs of drilling exploratory wells, are charged to expense as incurred. The costs of drilling exploratory wells are capitalized pending the determination of whether the wells have discovered proved commercial reserves. If proved commercial reserves have not been found, exploratory drilling costs are expensed to dry-hole expense. Costs to develop proved reserves, including the costs of all development wells and related facilities and equipment used in the production of natural crude oil and natural gas, are capitalized. Expenditures for ongoing repairs and maintenance of producing properties are expensed as incurred.
Upon the sale or retirement of a proved property, the cost and related accumulated depletion and amortization will be eliminated from the property accounts, and the resultant gain or loss is recognized. On the sale or retirement of an unproved property, gain or loss on the sale is recognized. The Manager does not currently intend to sell any of the Fund’s property interests.
Capitalized acquisition costs of producing oil and natural gas properties are depleted by the unit-of-production method.
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006 amounts recorded in due to operators totaling $7.3 million and $7.1 million, respectively, related to the acquisition of oil and gas property. The December 31, 2007 balance was paid during the first quarter of 2008.
Advances to Operators for Working Interests and Expenditures
The Fund’s acquisition of a working interest in a well or a project requires it to make a payment to the seller for the Fund’s rights, title and interest. The Fund is required to advance its share of estimated cash outlay for the succeeding month’s operation. The Fund accounts for such payments as advances to Operators for working interests and expenditures. As drilling costs are incurred, the advances are transferred to unproved properties.
Asset Retirement Obligations
For oil and natural gas properties, there are obligations to perform removal and remediation activities when the properties are retired. When a project reaches drilling depth and is determined to be either proved or dry, an asset retirement obligation is recorded. Plug and abandonment costs associated with unsuccessful projects are expensed as dry-hole costs. The following table presents changes to the asset retirement obligations.
F-8
| | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Balance at January 1, | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
|
Liabilities incurred | | | 306 | | | 634 | |
Liabilities settled | | | (178 | ) | | (634 | ) |
Accretion expense | | | 3 | | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Balance at December 31, | | $ | 131 | | $ | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
As indicated above, the Fund maintains a salvage fund to provide for the funding of future asset retirement obligations.
Syndication Costs
Direct costs associated with offering the Fund’s Shares including professional fees, selling expenses and administrative costs payable to the Manager, an affiliate of the Manager and outside brokers are reflected as a reduction of shareholders’ capital.
Revenue Recognition
Oil and natural gas sales are recognized when delivery is made by the Operator to the purchaser and title is transferred (i.e., production has been delivered to a pipeline or transport vehicle). The Fund began earning revenue in April 2007.
The volume of oil and natural gas sold on the Fund’s behalf may differ from the volume of oil and natural gas to which the Fund is entitled. The Fund will account for such oil and natural gas production imbalances by the entitlements method. Under the entitlements method, the Fund will recognize a receivable from other working interest owners for volumes oversold by other working interest owners, and a payable to other working interest owners for volumes oversold by the Fund. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, there were no material oil or natural gas balancing arrangements between the Fund and other working interest owners.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets”, long-lived assets, such as oil and natural gas properties, are evaluated when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether impairment has occurred is made by comparing the carrying values of long-lived assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows attributable to the asset. The impairment loss recognized is the excess of the carrying value over the future discounted cash flows attributable to the asset or the estimated fair value of the asset. No impairments of proved properties have been recorded in the Fund.
Depletion and Amortization
Depletion and amortization of the cost of proved oil and natural gas properties are calculated using the units-of-production method. Proved developed reserves are used as the base for depleting the cost of successful exploratory drilling and development costs. The sum of proved developed and proved undeveloped reserves is used as the base for depleting (or amortizing) leasehold acquisition costs, the costs to acquire proved properties and platform and pipeline costs.
Income Taxes
No provision is made for income taxes in the financial statements. The Fund is a limited liability company, and as such the Fund’s income or loss is passed through and included in the tax returns of the Fund’s shareholders.
Income and Expense Allocation
Profits and losses are allocated 85% to shareholders in proportion to their relative capital contributions and 15% to the Manager, except for items of expense, loss, deduction and credit that are attributable to the expenditure of shareholders’ capital contributions, which are allocated 99% to shareholders and 1% to the Manager.
F-9
3. Recent Accounting Standards
In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS No. 159”), which permits entities to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. An entity would report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. The decision about whether to elect the fair value option is applied instrument by instrument, with a few exceptions; the decision is irrevocable; and it is applied only to entire instruments and not to portions of instruments. The statement requires disclosures that facilitate comparisons (a) between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar assets and liabilities and (b) between assets and liabilities in the financial statements of an entity that selects different measurement attributes for similar assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The adoption of SFAS No. 159 will not have a material impact on its financials. The Fund did not elect to measure existing assets and liabilities at fair value on the date of adoption.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” (“SFAS No.157”), which applies under most other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 provides a common definition of fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants. The new standard also provides guidance on the methods used to measure fair value and requires expanded disclosures related to fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 had originally been effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, however the FASB has agreed on a one year deferral for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities. The Fund believes this guidance will not have a material impact on the financial statements.
4. Unproved Properties - Capitalized Exploratory Well Costs
Leasehold acquisition and exploratory drilling costs are capitalized pending determination of whether the well has found proved reserves. Unproved properties are assessed on a quarterly basis by evaluating and monitoring if sufficient progress is made on accessing the reserves. Capitalized costs are expensed as dry-hole costs in the event that reserves are not found or are not in sufficient quantities to complete the well and develop the field. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Fund had no capitalized exploratory well costs greater than one year. The following table reflects the net changes in unproved properties.
| | | | | | | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Balance at January 1, | | $ | 641 | | $ | — | |
Additions to capitalized exploratory well costs pending the determination of proved reserves | | | 37,165 | | | 641 | |
Reclassifications to proved properties based on the determination of proved reserves | | | (26,591 | ) | | — | |
Capitalized exploratory well costs charged to dry hole costs | | | — | | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Balance at December 31, | | $ | 11,215 | | $ | 641 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Dry-hole costs are detailed in the table below.
| | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
Lease Block | | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Viosca Knoll 207 | | $ | 308 | | $ | 6,846 | |
Garden Banks 346/390 | | | 561 | | | 19,937 | |
Ship Shoal 81 | | | 1,581 | | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | $ | 2,450 | | $ | 26,783 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
5. Distributions
Distributions to shareholders are allocated in proportion to the number of Shares held.
The Manager will determine whether available cash from operations, as defined in the Fund’s LLC Agreement, is to be distributed. Such distributions are allocated 85% to the shareholders and 15% to the Manager, as defined in the Fund’s LLC Agreement.
F-10
Available cash from dispositions, as defined in the Fund’s LLC Agreement, is paid 99% to shareholders and 1% to the Manager until the shareholders have received total distributions equal to their capital contributions. After shareholders have received distributions equal to their capital contributions, 85% of available cash from dispositions will be distributed to shareholders and 15% to the Manager.
The shareholders and Manager was paid distributions of $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2007. There were no distributions paid in 2006.
6. Related Parties
In 2006, Ridgewood Energy Corporation, the Manager, was paid a one-time investment fee of 4.5% of capital contributions. These fees were payable for services provided by the Manager of locating, investigating and evaluating investment opportunities and expensed as incurred. These fees were $5.6 million, of which $12 thousand was included in due to affiliates at December 31, 2006. There were no amounts payable at December 31, 2007.
The Fund’s LLC Agreement provides that the Manager render management, administrative and advisory services. For such services, the Manager receives an annual management fee, payable monthly, of 2.5% of total capital contributions net of cumulative dry-hole costs. In 2007, the Manager changed its policy regarding the management fee calculation, and netted the cumulative dry-hole costs against the total capital contributions, thus reducing its annual fee on a go-forward basis. Management fees of $2.4 million were incurred and paid for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
In 2006 the Manager was paid an offering fee of $4.4 million, which approximated 3.5% of capital contributions directly related of offer and sale of shares of the Fund. Such offering fee was included in syndication costs (Note 2) of $14.2 million. Of this amount, $9 thousand was included in due to affiliates at December 31, 2006. There were no amounts payable at December 31, 2007.
From time to time, short-term payables and receivables, which do not bear interest, arise from transactions with affiliates in the ordinary course of business. At December 31, 2007 the Manager owed the Fund $18 thousand relating to these transactions, which is classified as due from affiliates at December 31, 2007.
In 2006, Ridgewood Securities Corporation, a registered broker-dealer affiliated with the Manager, was paid selling commissions and placement fees of $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, for shares of the Fund sold, which are reflected in syndication costs (Note 2) of $14.2 million. At December 31, 2006, $2 thousand was included in due to affiliates. There were no amounts payable at December 31, 2007.
None of the compensation to be received by the Manager has been derived as a result of arm’s length negotiations.
The Fund has working interest ownership in certain projects to acquire and develop oil and natural gas projects with other entities that are likewise managed by the Manager.
7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments in marketable securities, salvage fund, production receivable and accrued expenses approximate fair value.
8. Commitments and Contingencies
Capital Commitments
The Fund has entered into multiple offshore operating agreements for the drilling and development of its investment properties. The estimated capital expenditures associated with these agreements vary depending on the stage of development on a property-by-property basis. As of December 31, 2007, the Fund had committed to spend an additional $3.4 million relating to the completion of a number of its wells. No other firm commitments have been entered, however it is expected that the Fund will invest all of its unspent capital on either current or future projects.
F-11
Environmental Considerations
The exploration for and development of oil and natural gas involves the extraction, production and transportation of materials which, under certain conditions, can be hazardous or cause environmental pollution problems. The Manager and the Operators are continually taking action they believe appropriate to satisfy applicable federal, state and local environmental regulations and do not currently anticipate that compliance with federal, state and local environmental regulations will have a material adverse effect upon capital expenditures, results of operations or the competitive position of the Fund in the oil and natural gas industry. However, due to the significant public and governmental interest in environmental matters related to those activities, the Manager cannot predict the effects of possible future legislation, rule changes, or governmental or private claims. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, there were no known environmental issues that required the Fund to record a liability.
Insurance Coverage
The Fund is subject to all risks inherent in the exploration for and development of oil and natural gas. Insurance coverage as is customary for entities engaged in similar operations is maintained, but losses may occur from uninsurable risks or amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. The occurrence of an event which is not insured or not fully insured could have an adverse impact upon earnings and financial position. Moreover, insurance is obtained as a package covering all of the Manager’s investment programs and is allocated to the Fund. Claims made by other such programs can reduce or eliminate insurance for the Fund.
F-12
Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC
Supplementary Financial Information
Information about Oil and Natural Gas Producing Activities - -Unaudited
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 69, “Disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities,” this section provides supplemental information on oil and natural gas exploration and producing activities of the Fund. Tables I and II provide historical cost information pertaining to capitalized costs, costs incurred in exploration, and property acquisitions and development.
The Fund is engaged solely in oil and natural gas activities, all of which are located in the United States offshore waters of Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico.
Table I - Capitalized Costs Related to Oil and Gas Producing Activities
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
|
Proved oil and gas properties | | $ | 26,720 | | $ | — | |
Unproved oil and gas properties | | | 11,215 | | | 641 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total oil and gas properties | | | 37,935 | | | 641 | |
Accumulated depletion and amortization - proved properties | | | (1,898 | ) | | — | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Oil and gas properties, net | | $ | 36,037 | | $ | 641 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Table II - Costs Incurred in Exploration, Property Acquisitions and Development
| | | | | | | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
|
Exploratory drilling costs - capitalized | | $ | 37,166 | | $ | 641 | |
Exploratory drilling costs - expensed | | | 2,450 | | | 26,783 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| | $ | 39,616 | | $ | 27,424 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
F-13
Table III - Reserve Quantity Information
Oil and gas reserves of the Fund have been estimated by an independent petroleum engineer, Ryder Scott Company L.P., for the year ended December 31, 2007. The reserve estimates for December 31, 2007 were based on estimated future reserves as of December 31, 2007 provided by Ryder Scott Company, L.P. These reserve disclosures have been prepared in compliance with the Securities and Exchange Commission rules.
Proved reserves are classified as either developed or undeveloped. Proved developed reserves are the quantities expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. The Fund had no proved undeveloped reserves at December 31, 2007.
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2007 United States | |
| | Oil (BBLS) | | Gas (MCF) | |
| |
|
|
| |
| | | | | | | |
Proved developed reserves: | | | | | | | |
Beginning of year | | | — | | | — | |
Discoveries | | | 52,354 | | | 15,275,126 | |
Revisions of previous estimates | | | — | | | — | |
Production | | | (9,488 | ) | | (286,426 | ) |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
End of year | | | 42,866 | | | 14,988,700 | |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Due to the inherent uncertainties and the limited nature of recovery data, estimates of reserve information are subject to change as additional information becomes available.
Table IV - Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Related to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
Summarized in the following table is information for the Fund with respect to the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves. Future cash inflows are computed by applying year-end prices of oil and gas relating to the Fund’s proved reserves to the year-end quantities of those reserves. Future production, development, site restoration and abandonment costs are derived based on current costs assuming continuation of existing economic conditions.
| | | | |
| | December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Future estimated revenues | | $ | 101,115 | |
Future estimated production costs | | | (3,370 | ) |
Future estimated development costs | | | (1,294 | ) |
| |
|
| |
Future net cash flows | | | 96,451 | |
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows | | | (32,989 | ) |
| |
|
| |
Standardized measure of discounted future estimated net cash flows | | $ | 63,462 | |
| |
|
| |
F-14
Table V - Changes in the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Related to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
The changes in present values between years, which can be significant, reflect changes in estimated proved reserve quantities and prices and assumptions used in forecasting production volumes and costs.
| | | | |
| | Year ended December 31, 2007 | |
| |
| |
| | (in thousands) | |
Standardized measure beginning of the year | | $ | — | |
Sales of oil and gas production, net of production costs | | | (2,981 | ) |
Net changes in prices and production costs | | | — | |
Extensions, discoveries, and improved recovery and techniques, less related costs | | | 65,612 | |
Development costs incurred during the period | | | — | |
Revisions of previous reserve quantities estimate | | | — | |
Accretion of discount | | | 831 | |
| |
|
| |
Standardized measure end of the year | | $ | 63,462 | |
| |
|
| |
It is necessary to emphasize that the data presented should not be viewed as representing the expected cash flow from, or current value of, existing proved reserves as the computations are based on a large number of estimates. Reserve quantities cannot be measured with precision and their estimation requires many judgmental determinations and frequent revisions. The required projection of production and related expenditures over time requires further estimates with respect to pipeline availability, rates and governmental control. Actual future prices and costs are likely to be substantially different from the current price and cost estimates utilized in the computation of reported amounts. Any analysis or evaluation of the reported amounts should give specific recognition to the computational methods utilized and the limitation inherent therein.
F-15
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| | |
| RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC |
| |
Date: March 14, 2008 | By: | /s/ ROBERT E. SWANSON |
| |
|
| | Robert E. Swanson |
| | Chief Executive Officer |
| | (Principal Executive Officer) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| | | | |
Signature | | Capacity | | Date |
| |
| |
|
/s/ ROBERT E. SWANSON | | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | | Date: March 14, 2008 |
| | | |
Robert E. Swanson | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ KATHLEEN P. MCSHERRY | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | | Date: March 14, 2008 |
| | | |
Kathleen P. McSherry | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ ROBERT E. SWANSON | | Chief Executive Officer of Manager | | Date: March 14, 2008 |
| | | | |
Robert E. Swanson | | | | |