Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | |
Note 11—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities |
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In connection with the closing of the Asset Sale described in Note 4—Sale of our Central Appalachian Assets and Termination of Credit Agreement, we settled all of our outstanding natural gas hedge positions for approximately $3.1 million. |
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Prior to the closing of the Asset Sale, in an effort to reduce the effects of the volatility of the price of natural gas on our operations, management had historically hedged natural gas prices primarily using derivative instruments in the form of three-way collars, traditional collars and swaps. While the use of these hedging arrangements limited the downside risk of adverse price movements, it also limited future gains from favorable movements. We entered into hedging transactions, generally for forward periods up to two years or more, which increased the probability of achieving our targeted level of cash flows. Our price risk management policy strictly prohibited the use of derivatives for speculative positions. |
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Swaps exchange floating price risk in the future for a fixed price at the time of the hedge. Costless collars set both a maximum ceiling (a sold ceiling) and a minimum floor (a bought floor) future price. We have accounted for these transactions using the mark-to-market accounting method. Generally, we incurred accounting losses on derivatives during periods where prices were rising and gains during periods where prices were falling which caused significant fluctuations in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
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Commodity Price Risk and Related Hedging Activities |
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As of December 31, 2014, we had no natural gas derivative contracts. |
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As of December 31, 2013, we had the following natural gas derivative contracts: |
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Contract | | Period | | Volume | | Fixed Price or | | Derivative | | Derivative | | Total Fair | | | | | | |
Type | (MMBtu) | Sold Ceiling/ | liability— | liability— | Value of | | | | | |
| | Bought Floor | current | non-current | Contract | | | | | |
Swap | | January 2014 through March 2014 | | 360,000 | | $3.82 | | $ | (164,121 | ) | $ | — | | $ | (164,121 | ) | | | | | |
Collar | | January 2014 through December 2015 | | 3,650,000 | | $ 4.30/$3.60 | | (280,392 | ) | (296,436 | ) | (576,828 | ) | | | | | |
Collar | | January 2014 through December 2015 | | 3,650,000 | | $ 4.20/$3.50 | | (389,638 | ) | (413,135 | ) | (802,773 | ) | | | | | |
| | | | 7,660,000 | | | | $ | (834,151 | ) | $ | (709,571 | ) | $ | (1,543,722 | ) | | | | | |
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We reviewed the financial strength of our hedge counterparties and believed our credit risk was minimal. Our hedge counterparties were participants or affiliates of the participants in the Credit Agreement and the collateral for the outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement was used as collateral for our hedges. We did not have rights to collateral from our counterparties, nor did we have rights of offset against borrowings under the Credit Agreement. |
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We estimated the fair value of our natural gas derivative contracts using the income approach. The income approach uses valuation techniques that convert future cash flows to a single discounted value. In order to estimate the fair value of our natural gas derivative contracts, a forward price curve and volatility estimates were compiled from sources that include NYMEX settlements and observed trading activity in the Over-the-Counter markets. Pricing estimates for the theoretical market value of hedge positions were developed using analytical models accepted and employed by a broad cross-section of industry participants. To extrapolate future cash flows, discount factors incorporating our counterparties’ and our credit standing were used to discount future cash flows. The estimated fair value of our natural gas derivative contracts also reflected its nonperformance risk, the risk that the obligation would not be fulfilled. Because nonperformance risk included our counterparties’ and our credit risk, we had considered the effect of credit risk on the fair value of our natural gas derivative contracts. The consideration for discounting our counterparties’ liabilities (our assets) was based on the difference between the S&P credit rating of a comparable company to our counterparties and the 1-Year Treasury bill rate, both at the reporting date. The consideration for discounting our liabilities was based on the difference between the market weighted average cost of debt capital plus a premium over the capital asset pricing model and the 1-Year Treasury bill rate. |
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We did not have any derivative assets or derivative liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and there were no transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2014. Based on the use of observable market inputs, we had designated these types of instruments designated below as Level 2. The fair value of our Level 2 derivative instruments were as follows: |
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| | Asset Derivatives | | Liability Derivatives | |
| | December 31, 2014 | | December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2014 | | December 31, 2013 | |
| | Balance Sheet | | Fair | | Balance Sheet | | Fair | | Balance Sheet | | Fair | | Balance Sheet | | Fair | |
Location | Value | Location | Value | Location | Value | Location | Value |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Natural gas hedge positions | | Derivative asset (current) | | $ | — | | Derivative asset (current) | | $ | — | | Derivative liability (current) | | $ | — | | Derivative liability (current) | | $ | 834,151 | |
Natural gas hedge positions | | Derivative asset (non- current) | | — | | Derivative asset (non- current) | | — | | Derivative liability (non- current) | | — | | Derivative liability (non-current) | | 709,571 | |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 1,543,722 | |
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The following losses on our hedging instruments included in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows: |
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| | Location of (Gain) or Loss Recognized in | | Amount of (Gain) or Loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Recognized in Income on | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20-25 | | Income on Derivative | | 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Natural gas collar/swap settled positions | | Discontinued operations | | $ | 4,296,912 | | $ | (1,106,378 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Natural gas collar/swap unsettled positions | | Discontinued operations | | (1,543,722 | ) | 2,917,569 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total loss | | | | $ | 2,753,190 | | $ | 1,811,191 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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