Summary of significant accounting policies (Policy) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Summary of significant accounting policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of presentation | (a) Basis of Presentation |
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The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). |
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Consolidation | (b) Consolidation |
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The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of China XD and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. |
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Use of Estimates | (c) Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the recoverability of the carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment, the realizability of inventories, the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, the collectability of accounts receivable, the fair values of stock-based compensation awards, derivative liabilities and the accruals for tax uncertainties and other contingencies. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in those estimates and assumptions. |
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Foreign Currency | (d) Foreign Currency |
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The Company's reporting currency is the U.S. dollar (US$). The functional currency of China XD Plastics and its subsidiaries in the United States, BVI, Hong Kong and Dubai, UAE is the US$. The functional currency of China XD's subsidiaries in the PRC is Renminbi (RMB). |
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Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in foreign currency exchange gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. |
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Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than US$ are translated into US$ using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated into US$ at average rates prevailing during the reporting period. The differences resulting from such translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders' equity. |
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Since the RMB is not a fully convertible currency, all foreign exchange transactions involving RMB must take place either through the People's Bank of China or other institutions authorized to buy and sell foreign exchange. |
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Cash and cash equivalents, time deposits and restricted cash | (e) Cash and cash equivalents, time deposits and restricted cash |
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Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash in bank and interest-bearing certificates of deposit with an initial term of three months or less when purchased. |
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Time deposits represent certificates of deposit with initial terms of six or twelve months when purchased. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company's time deposits bear a weighted average interest rate of 3.0% and 3.1% per annum, respectively. |
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Cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or usage is reported as restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheets and is not included as cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statements of cash flows. |
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Short-term bank deposits that are pledged as collateral for bills payable relating to purchases of raw materials are reported as restricted cash and amounted to US$11,868,855 and US$3,964,518 as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Upon maturity and repayment of the bills payable, which is generally within 6 months, the cash becomes available for use by the Company. Short-term bank deposits that are pledged as collateral for letter of credit relating to purchases of raw materials are reported as restricted cash and amounted to US$676,917 and US$237,871 as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The cash will be available for use by the Company 90 days from the issuance of the letter of credit. The cash flows from the pledged bank deposits, which relate to purchases of raw materials, are reported within cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. |
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Short-term bank deposits that are pledged as collateral for short-term bank borrowings are reported as restricted cash and amounted to nil and US$9,506,582 as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Long-term bank deposits that are pledged as collateral for issuance of letter of guarantee are reported as other non-current assets and amounted to US$17,728,782 and nil as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The cash flows from such bank deposits are reported within cash flows from financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. |
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Accounts Receivable | (f) Accounts Receivable |
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Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses, the amount of accounts receivables in dispute, the accounts receivables aging and the customers' payment patterns. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers. |
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Inventories | (g) Inventories |
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Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost method. Work-in-progress and finish goods comprise direct materials (including purchasing, receiving and inspection costs), direct labor and an allocation of related manufacturing overhead based on normal operating capacity. |
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Long-lived Assets | (h) Long-lived Assets |
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Property, plant and equipment |
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Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows: |
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Useful Life |
Workshops and buildings | 39 years |
Machinery, equipment and furniture | 5-10 years |
Motor vehicles | 5 years |
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An appropriate allocation of depreciation expense of property, plant and equipment attributable to manufacturing activities base on normal capacity is capitalized as part of the cost of inventory, and expensed in cost of revenues when the inventory is sold. Costs incurred in the construction of property, plant and equipment, including an allocation of interest expense incurred, are capitalized and transferred into their respective asset category when the assets are ready for their intended use, at which time depreciation commences. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expenses as incurred, while replacements and betterments are capitalized. When items are retired or otherwise disposed of, income is charged or credited for the difference between net book value of the item disposed and proceeds realized thereon. |
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Interest cost incurred in the construction of new facilities is capitalized and transferred out of construction in progress and into their respective assets categories when the assets are ready for their intended use, at which time depreciation commences. |
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Land Use Rights |
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A land use right in the PRC represents an exclusive right to occupy, use and develop a piece of land during the contractual term of the land use right. The cost of land use right is usually paid in one lump sum at the date the right is granted. The prepayment usually covers the entire duration period of the land use right. The lump sum advance payment is capitalized and recorded as land use right and then charged to expense on a straight-line basis over the period of the right, which is normally 50 years. |
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Amortization expense of land use rights was US$259,310, US$224,587 and US$79,404 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expenses. |
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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | (i) Impairment of Long-lived Assets |
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Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and land use rights, are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of a long-lived asset or asset group to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying value of an asset or asset group exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. Assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. |
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No impairment of long-lived assets was recognized for any of the years presented. |
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Derivative Financial Instruments | (j) Derivative Financial Instruments |
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The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at their respective fair values. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments not designated for hedge accounting are recognized in earnings. |
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Revenue Recognition | (k) Revenue Recognition |
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The Company sells its products primarily to approved distributors. Revenue is recognized when all of the following conditions are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the products has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. These criteria as they relate to each of the following major revenue generating activities are described below. |
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Products sales |
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For sales in PRC, acceptance of delivery of the products by the distributors is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the distributors' customers (or end users). The distributors accept the products at the time they are delivered to the distributors' customers (or end customers). Delivery acceptance is evidenced by signed goods receipt notes. The Company has no remaining obligations after the distributors' acceptance of the products. Under the terms of the contracts or purchase orders between the Company and the distributors, the risks and rewards of ownership of the products is transferred to the distributor upon the signing of the goods receipt notes and the distributor has no rights to return the products (other than for defective products). For sales to ROC, delivery of the products occurs at the point in time the product is delivered to the named port of shipment, which is when the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the customer. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, there were no sales returns from the customers. |
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The selling price, which is specified in the sales contracts or purchase orders, is fixed. Under the terms of the sales contract, upon the sale of the products to the distributors and the signing of the good receipts notes, the Company has the legal enforceable right to receive full payment of the sales price. The distributors' obligation to pay the Company is not dependent on the distributors selling the products or collecting cash from their customers (or end customers). |
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The Company's sales are net of value added tax (“VAT”) and business tax collected on behalf of tax authorities in respect of product sales. VAT and business tax collected from customers, net of VAT paid for purchases, is recorded as a liability in the balance sheet until it is paid to the tax authorities. |
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Service revenue |
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The Company used to provide technical assistance and consultation services to manufacturing companies prior to 2014. |
Revenue from technical support was recognized as the services were performed, which was evidenced by signed customer acceptance forms on a monthly basis. Service revenue was recorded, net of business tax and surcharges, which was levied on the Company's service revenues generated in the PRC at the rate of 5.6%. |
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Cost of revenues | (l) Cost of revenues |
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Cost of revenues represents costs of raw materials (including purchasing, receiving and inspection costs), packaging materials, labor, utilities, depreciation and amortization of manufacturing facilities and warehouses, handling costs, outbound freight and inventory write-down. Depreciation and amortization of manufacturing facilities and warehouses attributable to manufacturing activities is capitalized as part of the cost of inventory, and expensed in costs of revenues when the inventory is sold. |
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Selling, general and administrative expenses | (m) Selling, general and administrative expenses |
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Selling expenses represents primarily costs of payroll, benefits, commissions for sales representatives and advertising expenses. General and administrative expenses represents primarily payroll and benefits costs for administrative employees, rent and operating costs of office premises, depreciation and amortization of office facilities, and other administrative expenses. |
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Research and Development Expense | (n) Research and Development Expense |
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Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. |
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Government Grants | (o) Government Grants |
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Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received. Government grants for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Company with no future related costs are recognized as other income in the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Government grants that compensate the acquisition cost of an asset are deducted from the carrying amount of the asset and effectively recognized in profit or loss over the useful life of the asset by way of reduced depreciation expense. |
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Income Taxes | (p) Income Taxes |
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Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates or tax laws on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income in the period the change in tax rates or tax laws is enacted. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the carrying amount of deferred income tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. |
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The Company recognizes in the consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company has elected to classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if and when required, as part of interest expense, and general and administration expenses, respectively in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. |
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Bills Payable | (q) Bills Payable |
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Bills payable represent bills issued by financial institutions to the Company's raw material suppliers. The Company's suppliers receive payments from the financial institutions upon maturity of the bills and the Company is obliged to repay the face value of the bills to the financial institutions. |
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Employee Benefit Plans | (r) Employee Benefit Plans |
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Pursuant to relevant PRC regulations, the Company is required to make contributions to various defined contribution plans organized by municipal and provincial PRC governments. The contributions are made for each PRC employee at rate of approximately 40% on a standard salary base as determined by local social security bureau. Contributions to the defined contribution plans are charged to the consolidated statements of comprehensive income when the related service is provided. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the costs of the Company's contributions to the defined contribution plans amounted to US$1,555,471, US$1,024,728 and US$623,251, respectively. |
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For the years ended December 31, 2014 2013 and 2012, 78%, 80% and 60% of costs of employee benefits were recorded in general and administration expenses, respectively, with the remaining portion of costs of employee benefits in selling expenses, research and development expenses and cost of revenues each year. |
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The Company has no other obligation for the payment of employee benefits associated with these plans beyond the contributions described above. |
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Stock Based Compensation | (s) Stock Based Compensation |
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The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes the cost over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period. The amount of cost recognized is adjusted to reflect any expected forfeitures prior to vesting. The Company recognizes compensation cost for an award with only service conditions that has a graded vesting schedule on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award, provided that the cumulative amount of compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the portion of the grant-date value of such award that is vested at that date. |
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Commitments and Contingencies | (t) Commitments and Contingencies |
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In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, product and environmental liability, and non-income tax matters. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. |
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Earnings Per Share | (u) Earnings Per Share |
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Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income attributable to common stockholders is allocated between common stock and other participating securities based on participating rights in undistributed earnings. Nonvested shares, redeemable Series C and Series D convertible preferred stock are participating securities since the holders of these securities participate in dividends on the same basis as common stockholders. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive common stock equivalent, if any, by the weighted average number of common stock and dilutive common stock equivalent outstanding during the year. Potential dilutive securities are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share if the impact is anti-dilutive. |
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Segment reporting | (v) Segment reporting |
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The Company uses the management approach in determining reportable operating segments. The management approach consider the internal reporting used by the Company's chief operating decision maker for making operating decisions about the allocation of resources of the segment and the assessment of its performance in determining the Company's reportable operating segments. Management has determined that the Company has one operating segment, which is the modified plastics segment. |
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Fair Value Measurements | (w) Fair Value Measurements |
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The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels: |
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- Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date. |
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- Level 2 Inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. |
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- Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date. |
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The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. |
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- | The fair value of restricted cash and time deposits as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are categorized as Level 2 measurement. |
- | The fair value of the warrants liability as of December 31, 2013 is categorized as Level 3 measurement. |
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- | The fair value of foreign currency forward contracts as of December 31, 2014 is categorized as Level 3 measurement. |
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Except for the foreign currency forward contracts and warrants liability, which was measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not have any financial assets and liabilities or nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. Management used the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair values of financial instruments at the balance sheet dates: |
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- Short-term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, time deposits, accounts receivable, amounts due from a related party, short-term bank loans, bills payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities- carrying amounts approximate fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. |
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- Long-term bank loans-fair value is based on the amount of future cash flows associated with each loan discounted at the Company's current borrowing rate for similar debt instruments of comparable terms. The carrying value of the long-term bank loans approximate their fair values as the long-term bank loans carry interest rates which approximate rates currently offered by the Company's banks for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities. |
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- Notes payable-fair values of the Company's notes payable are estimated based on quoted market prices which are categorized as Level 1 measurement in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2014, the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the notes payable were US$148,617,057 and US$152,344,500, respectively. |
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- Derivative liabilities on warrants liabilities- fair values are determined using an option-pricing model which considers the following significant inputs: the Company's stock price, risk-free interest rate and expected volatility of the Company's stock price over the term of the derivative liabilities. |
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- Derivative liabilities on foreign currency forward contracts- fair values are determined using a discount cash flow model, which discounts the difference between the forward contract exchange rate from the quoted curve and the contract rate multiplied by the notional amounts. It considers the following significant inputs: risk-free rate and foreign exchange rate. |
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Recently Issued Accounting Standards | (x) Recently Issued Accounting Standards |
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The Financial Accounting Standards Borad issued Accounting Standards Update ( "ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in May 2014. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. An entity should also disclose sufficient quantitative and qualitative information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company will implement the provisions of ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018. The Company has not yet determined the impact of the new standard on its current policies for revenue recognition. |
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