International Stem Cell (ISCO) 10-Q 15 May 19 2019 Q1 Quarterly report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	May 13, 2019
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Trading Symbol	ISCO
Entity Registrant Name	International Stem Cell CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001355790
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		7,533,083

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (2019 Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets
Cash	$ 615	$ 1,075
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12	957	651
Inventory, net	1,460	1,501
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	480	543
Total current assets	3,512	3,770
Non-current inventory	792	805
Property and equipment, net	652	469
Intangible assets, net	2,700	2,674
Right-of-use asset	933
Deposits and other assets	74	78
Total assets	8,663	7,796
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Accounts payable	806	458
Accrued liabilities	959	579
Operating lease liability, current	294
Related party payable	1,009	2,045
Advances	250	250
Fair value of warrant liability	1,148	1,745
Total current liabilities	4,466	5,077
Long-term deferred rent		182
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	1,011
Total liabilities	5,477	5,259
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 120,000,000 shares authorized, 7,533,083 and 6,933,861 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	8	7
Additional paid-in capital	110,742	109,188
Accumulated deficit	(107,569)	(106,663)
Total stockholders' equity	3,186	2,537
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	8,663	7,796
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Convertible Preferred stock
Series D Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Convertible Preferred stock
Series G Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Convertible Preferred stock	5	5
Series I-1 Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Convertible Preferred stock
Series I-2 Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Convertible Preferred stock

Condensed Consolidated Balanc_2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (2019 Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable	$ 12	$ 12
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	20,000,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	120,000,000	120,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	7,533,083	6,933,861
Common stock, shares outstanding	7,533,083	6,933,861
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	250,000	250,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	250,000	250,000
Liquidation preference	$ 415	$ 411
Series D Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	50	50
Preferred stock, shares issued	43	43
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	43	43
Liquidation preference	$ 4,320	$ 4,320
Series G Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	5,000,000	5,000,000
Liquidation preference	$ 5,000	$ 5,000
Series I-1 Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,000	2,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	814	814
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	814	814
Liquidation preference	$ 814	$ 814
Series I-2 Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	4,310	4,310
Preferred stock, shares issued	4,310	4,310
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	4,310	4,310
Liquidation preference	$ 4,310	$ 4,310

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 2,218,000	$ 2,633,000
Type of Revenue [Extensible List]	us-gaap:ProductMember	us-gaap:ProductMember
Expenses
Cost of sales	$ 841,000	$ 825,000
Research and development	653,000	811,000
Selling and marketing	692,000	708,000
General and administrative	1,521,000	1,474,000
Total expenses	3,707,000	3,818,000
Loss from operations	(1,489,000)	(1,185,000)
Other income (expense)
Change in fair value of warrant liability	597,000	355,000
Interest expense	(14,000)	(2,000)
Miscellaneous income		2,000
Total other income (expense), net	583,000	355,000
Loss before provision for income taxes	(906,000)	(830,000)
Provision for income taxes	0
Net loss	(906,000)	(830,000)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$ (906,000)	$ (830,000)
Net loss per common share-basic	$ (0.12)	$ (0.14)
Net (loss) per common share-diluted	$ (0.12)	$ (0.14)
Weighted average shares-basic	7,400	6,136
Weighted average shares-diluted	7,400	6,136

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Preferred Stock [Member]Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Preferred Stock [Member]Series G Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Preferred Stock [Member]Series I One Convertible Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock [Member]Series I Two Convertible Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 2,064	$ 6		$ 5			$ 106,585	$ (104,532)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017		6,057	250	5,000	1	4
Issuance of common stock
for services	8						8
for services, shares		6
from exercise of options	90						90
from exercise of options, shares		82
Conversion of preferred stock, shares		50
Stock-based compensation	307						307
Net loss	(830)							(830)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2018	1,639	$ 6		$ 5			106,990	(105,362)
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2018		6,195	250	5,000	1	4
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	2,537	$ 7		$ 5			109,188	(106,663)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018		6,934	250	5,000	1	4
Issuance of common stock
Conversion of debt	1,049	$ 1					1,048
Conversion of debt, shares		599
Stock-based compensation	506						506
Net loss	(906)							(906)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 3,186	$ 8		$ 5			$ 110,742	$ (107,569)
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2019		7,533	250	5,000	1	4

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (906)	$ (830)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	72	68
Stock-based compensation expense	506	307
Common stock issued for services		8
Change in fair value of warrant liability	(597)	(355)
Allowance for inventory obsolescence	3	3
Interest expense on bridge loan from related party	13	1
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		1
Impairment of intangible assets		111
Amortization of right-of-use asset	18
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Increase in accounts receivable	(306)	(474)
Decrease (increase) in inventory	51	(105)
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets	214	137
Decrease (increase) in deposits and other assets	4	(1)
Increase in accounts payable	348	782
Increase in accrued liabilities	292	299
Net cash used in operating activities	(288)	(48)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(58)	(57)
Payments for patent licenses and trademarks	(61)	(144)
Net cash used in investing activities	(119)	(201)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from a bridge loan from a related party		350
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		90
Payments on financed insurance premiums	(53)	(48)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(53)	392
Net (decrease) increase in cash	(460)	143
Cash, beginning of period	1,075	304
Cash, end of period	615	$ 447
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	2
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Conversion of bridge loan from a related party to common stock	1,049
Financed insurance premiums	151
Lease incentives received for construction in progress	$ 162

Organization and Significant Ac

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Significant Accounting Policies	1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies Business Combination and Corporate Restructure BTHC III, Inc. (“BTHC III” or the “Company”) was organized in Delaware in June 2005 as a shell company to effect the reincorporation of BTHC III, LLC, a Texas limited liability company. On December 28, 2006, the Company effected a Share Exchange pursuant to which it acquired all of the stock of International Stem Cell Corporation, a California corporation (“ISC California”). After giving effect to the Share Exchange, the stockholders of ISC California owned 93.7% of issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As a result of the Share Exchange, ISC California is now the wholly-owned subsidiary, though for accounting purposes it was deemed to have been the acquirer in a “reverse merger.” In the reverse merger, BTHC III is considered the legal acquirer and ISC California is considered the accounting acquirer. On January 29, 2007, the Company changed its name from BTHC III, Inc. to International Stem Cell Corporation. Lifeline Cell Technology, LLC (“LCT”) was formed in the State of California on August 17, 2001. LCT is in the business of developing and manufacturing purified primary human cells and optimized reagents for cell culture. LCT’s scientists have used a technology, called basal medium optimization, to systematically produce products designed to culture specific human cell types and to elicit specific cellular behaviors. These techniques also produce products that do not contain non-human animal proteins, a feature desirable to the research and therapeutic markets. LCT distinguishes itself in the industry by having in place scientific and manufacturing staff with the experience and knowledge to set up systems and facilities to produce a source of consistent, standardized, non-human animal protein free cell products, some of which are suitable for FDA approval. On July 1, 2006, LCT entered into an agreement among LCT, ISC California and the holders of membership units and warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, all the membership units in LCT were exchanged for 133,334 shares of ISC California Common Stock and for ISC California’s assumption of LCT’s obligations under the warrants. LCT became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ISC California. Lifeline Skin Care, Inc. (“LSC”) was formed in the State of California on June 5, 2009 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ISC California. LSC develops, manufactures and markets anti-aging cosmetic products, utilizing an extract derived from the Company’s human parthenogenetic stem cells and the Company’s proprietary small molecule technology. Cyto Therapeutics Pty. Ltd. (“Cyto Therapeutics”) was registered in the state of Victoria, Australia, on December 19, 2014 and is a limited proprietary company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Cyto Therapeutics is a research and development company for the Therapeutic Market, which is conducting clinical trials in Australia for the use of ISC-hpNSC ® Going Concern The Company has sustained recurring losses and needs to raise additional working capital. The timing and degree of any future capital requirements will depend on many factors. The Company’s burn rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was approximately $96,000 per month, excluding capital expenditures and patent costs averaging $40,000 per month. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in maintaining its normal operating cash flow or raising additional funds, and that such cash flows will be sufficient to sustain the Company’s operations at least through one year after the issuance date of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Based on the above, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and they do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are focused on managing its cash flow, the proper timing of its capital expenditures, and raising additional capital or financing in the future. Basis of Presentation The Company is a biotechnology company focused on therapeutic and clinical product development with multiple long-term therapeutic opportunities and two revenue-generating subsidiaries with potential for increased future revenues. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. These financial statements do not include all information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. However, except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change to the information disclosed in the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the annual report on Form 10-K of International Stem Cell Corporation and Subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2018. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, consisting of only normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any other interim period or an entire year. Principles of Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of International Stem Cell Corporation and its subsidiaries after intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Inventory Inventory is accounted for using the average cost and first-in, first-out (FIFO) methods for LCT cell culture media and reagents, average cost and specific identification methods for LSC products, and specific identification method for LCT products. Inventory balances are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Laboratory supplies used in the research and development process are expensed as consumed. Inventory is reviewed periodically for product expiration and obsolescence and is adjusted accordingly. The value of the inventory that is not expected to be sold within twelve months of the current reporting period is classified as non-current inventory on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accounts Receivable Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the net invoice value and are not interest bearing. Accounts receivable primarily consist of trade accounts receivable from the sales of LCT’s products, timing of cash receipts by the Company related to LSC credit card sales to customers, as well as LSC trade receivable amounts related to spa and distributor sales. The Company considers receivables past due based on the contractual payment terms. The Company reviews its exposure to accounts receivable and reserves specific amounts if collectability is no longer reasonably assured. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts totaling $12,000. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. The provision for depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three to five years. The costs of major remodeling and leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or the estimated life of the asset. Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of acquired research and development rights used in research and development, and capitalized legal fees related to the acquisition, filing, maintenance, and defense of patents and trademarks. Patent or patent license amortization only begins once a patent license is acquired or a patent is issued by the appropriate authoritative bodies. In the period in which a patent application is rejected or efforts to pursue the patent are abandoned, all the related accumulated costs are expensed. Patents and other intangible assets are recorded at cost of $3,692,000 and $3,632,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lives of the underlying patents or the useful life of the license. Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $35,000 and $27,000, respectively. All amortization expense related to intangible assets is included in general and administrative expense. Accumulated amortization as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $992,000 and $958,000, respectively. Long-Lived Asset Impairment The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in business conditions indicate that their carrying value may not be recovered, and at least annually. The Company considers assets to be impaired and writes them down to fair value if expected associated undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amounts. Fair value is the present value of the associated cash flows. The Company recognized none and $111,000 of impairment losses on its intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, due to abandonment of efforts to pursue certain patents or patented technologies. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following five-step process: 1. Identify the contract with the customer 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract 3. Determine the transaction price 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract 5. Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by segment, product and geography, based on management's assessment of available data (in thousands): Biomedical Market: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 U.S. OUS* Total Revenues % of Total Revenues U.S. OUS* Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Biomedical products Cells $ 172 $ 100 $ 272 15 % $ 243 $ 141 $ 384 18 % Media 1,401 117 1,518 85 % 1,554 189 1,743 82 % Other — — — — 8 — 8 0 % Total $ 1,573 $ 217 $ 1,790 100 % $ 1,805 $ 330 $ 2,135 100 % *Outside the United States Cosmetic Market: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Cosmetic sales channels Ecommerce $ 215 50 % $ 291 58 % Professional 213 50 % 207 42 % Total $ 428 100 % $ 498 100 % The Company's revenue consists primarily of sales of products from its two revenue-generating operating segments, the anti-aging cosmetics products and biomedical products business segments. The cosmetic market segment markets and sells a line of luxury skincare products sold through two sales channels: ecommerce and professional. The ecommerce channel sells direct to customers through online orders, while the professional sales are to spas, salons and other skincare providers. The biomedical market segment markets and sells primary human cell research products with two product categories, cells and media, sold both within and outside the United States. Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements, invoices or online order forms which the Company considers to be a customer's contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or volume sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price. Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that the Company satisfies at a point in time. The Company recognizes product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) the Company has transferred physical possession of the products, (b) the Company has a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products. For LSC products, ecommerce sales are primarily paid through credit card charges, while professional sales are invoiced. The professional sales and biomedical products' standard payment terms for its customers are generally 30 days after the Company satisfies the performance obligations. For anti-aging cosmetic products, the Company honors a 30-day return policy, but historical returns have been minimal and as such, no estimated allowance for sales returns was recorded as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company elects to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. As a result, no consideration is allocated to shipping and handling. Rather, the Company accrues the cost of shipping and handling upon shipment of the product, and all contract revenue is recognized at the same time. Variable Consideration The Company records revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price it expects to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, the Company offers sales promotions on its skincare products such as discounts and free product offers. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur, and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. Contract Balances The Company records a receivable when it has an unconditional right to receive consideration after the performance obligations are satisfied. As of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, accounts receivable totaled $957,000 and $651,000, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not incur material impairment losses with respect to its receivables. Practical Expedients The Company has elected the practical expedient not to determine whether contacts with customers contain significant financing components. The Company pays commissions on certain sales for its biomedical and cosmetic market(s) once the customer payment has been received, which are accrued at the time of the sale. The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses. In addition, the Company has elected to exclude sales taxes in consideration of the transaction price. Allowance for Sales Returns The Company’s cosmetic products have a 30-day product return guarantee and based on historical rate of returns from the years ended December 31, 2015 through 2018, the Company determined that there is a low probability that returns will occur. The returns that have historically occurred have not been significant and have been recognized as they occur as a reduction of revenue that is recognized as performance obligations are met. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has recorded no allowance for sales returns. Cost of Sales Cost of sales consists primarily of salaries and benefits associated with employee efforts expended directly on the production of the Company’s products and include related direct materials, general laboratory supplies and allocation of overhead. Certain of the agreements under which the Company has licensed technology will require the payment of royalties based on the sale of its future products. Such royalties will be recorded as a component of cost of sales. Additionally, the amortization of license fees or milestone payments related to developed technologies used in the Company’s products will be classified as a component of cost of sales to the extent such payments become due in the future. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs, which are expensed as incurred, are primarily comprised of costs and expenses for salaries and benefits associated with research and development personnel, overhead and occupancy, contract services, and amortization of license costs for technology used in research and development with alternative future uses. Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other stock-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation. The cost of a stock-based award is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are reported using a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2 Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and Level 3 Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity). Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The table below sets forth a summary of the Company’s liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands): Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 LIABILITIES: Warrants to purchase common stock $ 1,148 $ — $ — $ 1,148 The table below sets forth a summary of the Company’s liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 LIABILITIES: Warrants to purchase common stock $ 1,745 $ — $ — $ 1,745 The following table displays the rollforward activity of liabilities with inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) (in thousands): Warrants common stock Ending balance at December 31, 2017 $ 3,113 Adjustments to estimated fair value (1,368 ) Ending balance at December 31, 2018 $ 1,745 Adjustments to estimated fair value $ (597 ) Ending balance at March 31, 2019 $ 1,148 Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with applicable authoritative guidance, which requires the Company to provide a net deferred tax asset/liability equal to the expected future tax benefit/expense of temporary reporting differences between book and tax accounting methods and any available operating loss or tax credit carryforwards. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates include patent life (remaining legal life versus remaining useful life), inventory carrying values, allowance for excess and obsolete inventories, allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts, and transactions using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, e.g., warrants and stock options, as well as the Monte-Carlo valuation method for certain warrants. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company believes that the carrying value of its cash, receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and related party note payable as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of certain warrants was determined at each issuance and quarterly reporting date as necessary using the Monte-Carlo valuation methodology. Income (Loss) Per Common Share The computation of net loss per common share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted earnings per common share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period plus the common stock equivalents, which would arise from the exercise of stock options and warrants outstanding using the treasury stock method and the average market price per share during the period. At March 31, 2019, there were no non-vested shares of restricted stock, 2,140,156 vested and 3,339,031 non-vested stock options outstanding, and 3,951,052 warrants outstanding; and at March 31, 2018, there were no non-vested shares of restricted stock, 1,054,230 vested and 2,040,596 non-vested stock options outstanding, and 3,951,052 warrants outstanding. These stock options, warrants, and convertible preferred stock were not included in the diluted loss per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Refer to Note 6 for convertible preferred stock. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income or loss includes all changes in stockholders’ equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company did not have any items of comprehensive income or loss other than net loss from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The adoption of ASU 2018-07 on January 1, 2019 did not result in a material impact on the Company’s balance sheet or statement of operations I n July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)" ("ASU 2017-11") effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU 2017-11 changes the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments require entities that present earnings per share ("EPS") in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when triggered with the effect treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. The adoption of ASU 2017-11 on January 1, 2019 did not result in a material impact on the Company’s balance sheet or statement of operations. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize “right-of-use” assets and a lease liability for all leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. The Company elected the exception from applying the new guidance for any short-term leases or leases with terms less than or equal to 12 months. Topic 842 requires additional quantitative and qualitative financial statement footnote disclosures about the leases, significant judgments made in accounting for those leases and amounts recognized in the financial statements about those leases. In 2018 and 2019, the FASB has issued and incorporated several additional ASUs to provide clarifying guidance associated with the application of certain principles within Topic 842. The effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The Company elected the “package of practical expedients,” which allowed the Company to not reassess under the new guidance, the Company’s prior conclusions about lease identification, classification, and treatment of initial direct costs as well as electing the modified retrospective approach effective January 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, total right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities were approximately $933,000 and $1,305,000 respectively. All operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Accounting Pronouncements Being Evaluated In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), “Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”

Inventory

Inventory	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventory	2. Inventory The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Raw materials $ 670 $ 656 Work in process 583 590 Finished goods 1,218 1,276 Total 2,471 2,522 Less: allowance for inventory excess and obsolescence (219 ) (216 ) Inventory, net $ 2,252 $ 2,306

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	3. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Machinery and equipment $ 1,599 $ 1,614 Computer equipment and software 256 251 Office equipment 222 215 Leasehold improvements 996 996 Construction in progress 244 45 3,317 3,121 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,665 ) (2,652 ) Property and equipment, net $ 652 $ 469 Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $37,000 and $41,000, respectively.

Patent Licenses

Patent Licenses	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Patent Licenses	4. Patent Licenses On December 31, 2003, LCT entered into an Option to License Intellectual Property On May 14, 2004, LCT amended the licensing agreement with Astellas for the exclusive worldwide patent rights for the following Astellas technologies: UMass IP, ACT IP and Infigen IP. The additional license fees paid were $400,000. On February 7, 2013, the Company and Astellas entered into Amended and Restated License Agreements (the “Amendment”) for the purpose of completely amending and restating the terms of the license agreements. Under the terms of the Amendment, the Company acquired exclusive world-wide rights to all human therapeutic uses and cosmetic uses from Astellas and Infigen’s early work on parthenogenic-derived embryonic stem cells, as well as certain rights to patents covering Single Blastomere technology. Pursuant to the Amendment, all minimum R&D requirements and all milestone payments due to Astellas under the Exclusive License Agreement have been eliminated. The Company will no longer pay any royalties under the ACT IP Agreement and Infigen IP Agreement. The obligation to pay royalties that ranged from 6%-12% under the UMass IP Agreement has been reduced to 0.25% of the net sales of products using technology covered by the UMass IP Agreement; and the obligation to pay a minimum annual license fee of $150,000 has been reduced to $75,000 annually, payable in two installments to Astellas. As of March 31, 2019, the total amounts capitalized related to the acquired Astellas licenses were $747,000, and $2,945,000 related to the other patent acquisition costs and trademarks. At March 31, 2019, future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization is expected to be as follows (in thousands): Amount 2019 (Remaining nine months) 72 2020 91 2021 91 2022 91 2023 91 Thereafter 2,181 Total $ 2,617

Advances

Advances	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Advances [Abstract]
Advances	5. Advances On June 18, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with BioTime, Inc. (“Bio Time”), where Bio Time will pay an advance of $250,000 to LCT to produce, make, and distribute Joint Products. The $250,000 advance will be paid down with the first $250,000 of net revenues that otherwise would be allocated to LCT under the agreement. As of March 31, 2019, no revenues were realized from this agreement. March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 BioTime, Inc. (in thousands) $ 250 $ 250

Capital Stock

Capital Stock	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Capital Stock	6. Capital Stock As of March 31, 2019, the Company is authorized to issue 120,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. Capital Transactions Series B Preferred Stock On May 12, 2008, to obtain funding for working capital, the Company entered into a series of subscription agreements with five accredited investors for the sale of a total of 400,000 Series B Units, each Series B Unit consisting of one share of Series B Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred”) and two Series B Warrants (“Series B Warrants”) to purchase common stock for each $1.00 invested. The total purchase price received by the Company was $400,000. The Series B Preferred is convertible into shares of common stock at the initial conversion ratio of 0.0134 shares of common stock for each share of Series B Preferred converted (which was established based on an initial conversion price of $75.00 per share), and the Series B Warrants were exercisable at $75.00 per share until five years from the issuance of the Series B Warrants, which expired unexercised in May 2013. The Series B Preferred contain anti-dilution clauses whereby, if the Company issues equity securities or securities convertible into equity at a price below the conversion price of the Series B Preferred, such conversion price shall be adjusted downward to equal the price of the new securities. The Series B Preferred has a priority (senior to the shares of common stock and Series I Preferred) on any sale or liquidation of the Company equal to the purchase price of the Series B Units, plus a liquidation premium of 6% per year. If the Company elects to declare a dividend in any year, it must first pay to the Series B Preferred holder a dividend equal to the amount of the dividend the Series B Preferred holder would receive if the Series B Preferred were converted just prior to the dividend declaration. Each share of Series B Preferred has the same voting rights as the number of shares of common stock into which it would be convertible on the record date. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were 250,000 shares of the Series B Preferred issued and outstanding. In December 2016, the Company issued Restricted Stock to its non-employee directors at a price of $1.08. Accordingly, such transactions triggered adjustments in the current conversion price of the Series B Preferred to $1.08. Series D Preferred Stock On December 30, 2008, the Company entered into a Series D Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Series D Agreement”) with accredited investors (the “Investors”) and sold 43 shares of Series D Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred”) at a price of $100,000 per Series D Preferred share. Ten shares of the Series D Preferred were issued to X-Master Inc., which is a related party and affiliated with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors, Dr. Andrey Semechkin and Dr. Russell Kern, Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer and a director; and 33 shares of the Series D Preferred were issued to Dr. Andrey Semechkin. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were 43 shares of the Series D Preferred issued and outstanding. The Series D Preferred was initially convertible into shares of common stock at $37.50 per share, resulting in an initial conversion ratio of 2,667 shares of common stock for every share of Series D Preferred. The Series D Preferred has an anti-dilution clause whereby, if the Company issues equity securities or securities convertible into equity at a price below the conversion price of the Series D Preferred, the conversion price of the Series D Preferred shall be adjusted downward to equal the price of the new securities. The Series D Preferred has priority over the Series B Preferred Stock, Series G Preferred Stock, Series I-1 Preferred Stock, Series I-2 Preferred Stock and common stock on the proceeds from any sale or liquidation of the Company in an amount equal to the purchase price of the Series D Preferred. In March 2016, the Company issued Series I Preferred Stock which had an initial conversion price of $1.75, as well as three series of warrants. Accordingly, such transaction triggered an adjustment in the current conversion price of the Series D Preferred to $1.75. Series G Preferred Stock On March 9, 2012, the Company entered into a Series G Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with AR Partners, LLC (the “Purchaser”) to sell 5,000,000 shares of Series G Preferred Stock (“Series G Preferred”) at a price of $1.00 per Series G Preferred share, for a total purchase price of $5,000,000. The Purchaser is an affiliate of Dr. Andrey Semechkin, the Company’s Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Dr. Russell Kern, Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer and a director. The Series G Preferred was initially convertible into shares of common stock at $60.00 per share, resulting in an initial conversion ratio of 0.0167 shares of common stock for every share of Series G Preferred. The conversion price may be adjusted for stock splits and other combinations, dividends and distributions, recapitalizations and reclassifications, exchanges or substitutions and is subject to a weighted-average adjustment in the event of the issuance of additional shares of common stock below the conversion price. The Series G Preferred shares have priority over the Series B Preferred, Series I-1 Preferred, Series I-2 Preferred and common stock on the proceeds from any sale or liquidation of the Company in an amount equal to the purchase price of the Series G Preferred, but such payment may be made only after payment in full of the liquidation preferences payable to holders of any shares of Series D Preferred then outstanding. Each share of Series G Preferred has the same voting rights as the number of shares of common stock into which it would be convertible on the record date. As long as there are at least 1,000,000 shares of Series G Preferred outstanding, the holders of Series G Preferred have (i) the initial right to propose the nomination of two members of the Board, at least one of which such nominees shall be subject to the approval of the Company’s independent directors, for election by the stockholder’s at the Company’s next annual meeting of stockholders, or, elected by the full board of directors to fill a vacancy, as the case may be, and (ii) the right to approve any amendment to the certificate of incorporation, certificates of designation or bylaws, in manner adverse to the Series G Preferred, alter the percentage of board seats held by the Series G Preferred directors or increase the authorized number of shares of Series G Preferred. At least one of the two directors nominated by holders of the Series G Preferred shall be independent based on the NASDAQ listing requirements. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were 5,000,000 shares of the Series G Preferred issued and outstanding. On January 21, 2019, the Company issued 599,222 shares of common stock upon conversion of a portion of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness with a principal amount of $1,000,000 and accrued and unpaid interest on the principal of $49,000. In accordance with the Series G Certificate of Designation, the issuance of Common Shares at the conversion price of $1.75 per share triggered further adjustment in the conversion price and conversion ratio of the Series G Preferred Stock to $9.70 per share and 0.1031 shares, respectively. Series I Preferred Stock On March 9, 2016, the Company, entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Series I Agreement”) with three investors, which included two institutional investors and Andrey Semechkin, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman providing for the issuance (the “Offering”) of (i) 2,000 shares of Series I-1 convertible preferred stock (the “Series I-1 Preferred Stock”) issuable to the institutional investors at a price of $1,000 per share, (ii) 4,310 shares of Series I-2 convertible preferred stock (the “Series I-2 Preferred Stock”, and together with the Series I-1 Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”) issuable to Andrey Semechkin at a price of $1,000 per share, (iii) Series A Warrants (the “Series A Warrants”) to purchase up to approximately 3.6 million shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $3.64 per share with a term of five years, (iv) Series B Warrants (the “Series B Warrants”) to purchase up to approximately 3.6 million shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $1.75 per share with a term of six months and (v) Series C Warrants (the “Series C Warrants”, together with the Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants, collectively, the “Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to approximately 3.6 million shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $1.75 per share with a term of twelve months. The closing of the Offering occurred on March 15, 2016 (the “Closing Date”). The Series I Agreement also contains representations, warranties, indemnification and other provisions customary for transactions of this nature. The Company received cash proceeds of $2.5 million on the closing date. On September 15, 2016, the remaining unexercised Series B Warrants then outstanding expired unexercised. On March 15, 2017, the remaining unexercised Series C Warrants then outstanding expired unexercised. Subject to certain ownership limitations with respect to the Series I-1 Preferred Stock, the Series I Preferred Stock is convertible at any time into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.75 per share. The Series I Preferred Stock is non-voting, is only entitled to dividends in the event that dividends are paid on the Common Stock, and will not have any preferences over the Common Stock, except that the Preferred Stock shall have preferential liquidation rights over the Common Stock. Other than the Series I-1 Preferred Stock having a beneficial ownership limitation, the Series I-1 Preferred Stock and Series I-2 Preferred Stock are substantially identical. The conversion price of the Series I Preferred Stock is subject to certain resets as set forth in the Certificates of Designation, including the date of any future amendment to the certificate of incorporation with respect to a reverse stock split and the effectiveness dates of the registration statements. See Note 9, Stock Options and Warrants for detailed discussion of the anti-dilution provisions of the Series A Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants. Reserved Shares At March 31, 2019, the Company had shares of common stock reserved for future issuance as follows: Options outstanding 5,479,187 Options available for future grant 3,971,056 Convertible preferred stock 6,132,276 Warrants 3,951,052 19,533,571

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	7. Related Party Transactions Other than with respect to the purchases of Series D Preferred, Series G Preferred and Series I Preferred Stock transactions discussed above, the Company’s related party transactions were for a facility lease and working capital bridge loans. During the first quarter of 2011, the Company executed an operating lease for its corporate offices with S Real Estate Holdings LLC. S Real Estate Holdings LLC is owned by Dr. Russell Kern, the Company’s Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer and a director and was previously owned by Dr. Andrey Semechkin, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors. The lease agreement was negotiated at arm’s length and was reviewed by the Company’s outside legal counsel. The terms of the lease were reviewed by a committee of independent directors, and the Company believes that, in total, those terms are at least as favorable to the Company as could be obtained for comparable facilities from an unaffiliated party. In March 2017 the Company signed an amendment to the lease agreement to extend the term of the lease until 2020 and include annual adjustments to the monthly lease payments. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $40,000, in rent expense that was related to the facility lease arrangement with related parties. Between March 6, 2018 and August 8, 2018, to obtain funding for working capital purposes, the Company borrowed a total of $2,000,000 from Dr. Andrey Semechkin and issued an unsecured non-convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $2,000,000 (the “Note”) to Dr. Semechkin (the “Noteholder”). The outstanding principal amount under the Note accrued interest at a rate of four percent (4%) per annum. The Note was due and payable November 1, 2018 and on November 12, 2018, to satisfy the indebtedness incurred on the Note, an amendment to the Note was entered into extending the due date to January 15, 2019. On January 21, 2019, the Company entered into a Note Conversion Agreement with Dr. Andrey Semechkin, the Company’s Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (the “Conversion Agreement”). The Conversion Agreement provides for the conversion of a total of $1,049,000 (representing $1,000,000 of principal and $49,000 of accrued interest, representing all accrued interest on the amount owed to Dr. Semechkin through January 21, 2019) under the promissory note issued to Dr. Semechkin on August 8, 2018 into a total of 599,222 shares of the Company’s common stock, representing a conversion price of $1.75 per share. Under the Conversion Agreement, the remaining $1,000,000 owed to Dr. Semechkin under the Note has been reflected in a new unsecured, non-convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $1,000,000 (the “New Note”). The outstanding principal amount under the New Note accrues interest at a rate of four and one-half percent (4.5%) per annum. The New Note is due and payable on January 15, 2020, but may be pre-paid by the Company without penalty at any time. See Note 12, Subsequent Events.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	8. Income Taxes The Company estimated Federal and state tax losses for the current year and recorded a full valuation allowance against all net deferred tax assets. As such, no income tax provision has been recorded for the current period. The Company may be subject to Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Sections 382 and 383, which could limit the amount of the net operating loss and tax credit carryovers that can be used in future years. The Company has not completed a study to assess whether an ownership change has occurred, as defined by IRC Sections 382 and 383, or whether there have been ownership changes since the Company’s formation due to the complexity and cost associated with such a study, and the fact that there may be additional such ownership changes in the future. The Company estimates that if such a change did occur, the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and research and development credit carryforwards that can be utilized in the future will be significantly limited. There can be no assurances that the Company will ever be able to realize the benefit of some or all of the federal and state loss carryforwards or the credit carryforwards, either due to ongoing operating losses or due to ownership changes, which limit the usefulness of the carryforwards.

Stock Options and Warrants

Stock Options and Warrants	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Stock Options and Warrants	9. Stock Options and Warrants Stock Options The Company adopted the 2006 Equity Participation Plan (as amended the “2006 Plan”), which provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock and other equity-based awards. Awards for up to 100,000 shares may be granted to employees, directors and consultants under this Plan. The options granted under the 2006 Plan may be either qualified or non-qualified options. Options may be granted with different vesting terms and expire no later than 10 years from the date of grant. The 2006 Plan expired on November 16, 2016. Options and other equity based awards granted prior to the expiration of the 2006 Plan will continue in effect until the option or award is exercised or terminates pursuant to its terms. No new awards may be granted under the 2006 Plan following its expiration. In April 2010, the Company adopted the 2010 Equity Participation Plan (as amended the “2010 Plan”), which provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock and other equity-based awards. Awards for up to 9,700,000 shares may be granted to employees, directors and consultants under the 2010 Plan. The options granted under the 2010 Plan may be either qualified or non-qualified options. Options may be granted with different vesting terms and expire no later than 10 years from the date of grant. In November and December of 2009, the Company issued non-qualified stock options to purchase 68,384 shares of common stock outside the 2006 and 2010 option plans to certain employees and consultants. These options vest over 50 months and expire no later than 10 years from the date of grant. As of March 31, 2019, 12,634 options remain outstanding and a total of 55,750 options were exercised, canceled, or expired. Total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was comprised of the following (in thousands): Three Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31, March 31, 2019 2018 Cost of sales $ 24 $ 6 Research and development 156 124 Selling and marketing 23 7 General and administrative 303 170 $ 506 $ 307 Unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options as of March 31, 2019 was $3,450,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.0 years. In accordance with applicable authoritative guidance, the Company is required to establish assumptions and estimates of the fair value of stock options granted, as well as use a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair-value of stock-based awards. All options are amortized over the requisite service periods. The fair value of options granted is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018: Three Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31, March 31, 2019 2018 Significant assumptions (weighted average): Risk-free interest rate at grant date 2.55 % 2.68 % Expected stock price volatility 84.80 % 95.61 % Expected dividend payout 0 % 0 % Expected option life based on management's estimate 5.77 years 5.76 years Transactions involving stock options issued to employees, directors and consultants under the 2006 Plan, the 2010 Plan and outside the plans are summarized below. Options issued have a maximum life of 10 years. The following tables summarize the changes in options outstanding and the related exercise prices for the Company’s common stock options issued: Number of Weighted Options Weighted Average Aggregate Under Average Remaining Intrinsic 2006 Plan and Price Per Contractual Value 2010 Plan Share Term (in thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 4,354,708 $ 3.95 Granted 1,142,000 $ 1.51 Exercised — $ — Canceled or expired (30,155 ) $ 1.78 Outstanding at March 31, 2019 5,466,553 $ 3.45 8.69 years 16 Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2019 5,065,661 $ 3.60 8.64 years $ 16 Exercisable at March 31, 2019 2,127,522 $ 6.29 7.88 years $ 10 Weighted Number of Weighted Average Aggregate Options Issued Average Exercise Remaining Intrinsic Outside Price Per Contractual Value the Plan Share Term (in thousands) Outstanding, vested and exercisable at December 31, 2018 12,634 $ 90.23 Granted — $ — Exercised — $ — Canceled or expired — $ — Outstanding, vested and exercisable at March 31, 2019 12,634 $ 90.23 0.66 years $ — Restricted Stock Awards Restricted stock awards are grants that entitle the holder to acquire shares of common stock at zero or a fixed price, which is typically nominal. The Company accounts for the restricted stock awards as issued and outstanding common stock, even though the shares covered by a restricted stock award cannot be sold, pledged, or otherwise disposed of until the award vests and any unvested shares may be reacquired by the Company for the original purchase price following the awardee’s termination of service. No restricted stock was awarded for the three months ended March 31, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 there were 5,527 shares of restricted stock awarded and fully vested at a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.47 per share. The fair value of the restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The total grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, was none and approximately $8,000, respectively. The Company recognized none and approximately $8,000 of stock-based compensation expense related to the restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, there was no unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested awards. Warrants Warrants Issued with Preferred Stock Warrants issued in connection with the October 2014 Financing The Company has accounted for the warrants in accordance with current accounting guidance, which defines how freestanding contracts that are indexed to and potentially settled in a Company’s own stock should be measured and classified. The authoritative accounting guidance prescribes that only warrants issued under contracts that cannot be net-cash settled and are both indexed to and settled in the Company’s common stock can be classified as equity. As the Series A, Series B and Series C Warrants and Placement Agent Warrant agreements did not meet the specific conditions for equity classification, the Company was required to classify the fair value of the warrants issued as a liability, with subsequent changes in fair value to be recorded as income (loss) in the statement of operations upon revaluation of the fair value of warrant liability at each reporting period. Valuation of the Warrants was estimated at issuance and each reporting date using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. As of December 31, 2016, all Series A, B and C Warrants were exercised or expired unexercised. The following assumptions were used as inputs to the model at March 31, 2019: for the Placement Agent Warrants, stock price of $1.12 and warrant exercise price of $1.75 as of the valuation date; the Company’s historical stock price volatility of 77.2%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 2.40%; warrant expiration of 1.04 years; and a zero dividend rate; simulated as a daily interval and anti-dilution impact if the Company had to raise capital below $1.75 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded no material expense or income related to the change in the fair value of warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of operations related to the warrants from the October 2014 financing. Placement Agent Warrants Price Adjustment - The Warrants are immediately exercisable and the exercise price of the Warrants is subject to certain reset adjustments as set forth in the forms of Warrant, including the date of the amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation with respect to the reverse stock split, the effectiveness dates of the registration statements and the six and twelve month anniversaries of the date of issuance of the Warrants. The Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed on November 3, 2014 with the SEC became effective after amendment on November 25, 2014. Pursuant to the terms of the respective warrant agreements, the exercise price of the Placement Agent Warrants were reset at $1.75 per share. At March 31, 2019, 2,483 of the Placement Agent Warrants remained outstanding. Warrants issued in connection with the March 2016 Financing The Company has accounted for the warrants in accordance with current accounting guidance, which defines how freestanding contracts that are indexed to and potentially settled in a Company’s own stock should be measured and classified. The authoritative accounting guidance prescribes that only warrants issued under contracts that cannot be net-cash settled and are both indexed to and settled in the Company’s common stock can be classified as equity. As the Series A, Series B and Series C Warrants and Placement Agent Warrant agreements did not meet the specific conditions for equity classification, the Company was required to classify the fair value of the warrants issued as a liability, with subsequent changes in fair value to be recorded as income (loss) in the statement of operations upon revaluation of the fair value of warrant liability at each reporting period. Unexercised portions of the Series B and C Warrants expired unexercised as of March 31, 2019. Valuation of the Warrants was estimated at issuance and each reporting date using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. The following assumptions were used as inputs to the model at March 31, 2019 for Series A Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants, stock price of $1.12 and warrant exercise price of $1.75 as of the valuation date; the Company’s historical stock price volatility of 77.2%; risk free interest rate on U.S. treasury notes of 2.27%; warrant expiration of 1.96 years; and a zero dividend rate, simulated as a daily interval and anti-dilution impact if the Company had to raise capital below $1.75 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a net change in fair value of warrant liability income of $597,000 and $355,000, respectively in the condensed consolidated statements of operations related to the warrants from the March 2016 financing. Series A, and Placement Agent Warrants Price Adjustment - The Warrants are immediately exercisable and the exercise price of the Warrants is subject to certain reset adjustments as set forth in the forms of Warrant, including the date of the amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation with respect to any reverse stock split, the effectiveness dates of the registration statements and (in certain events) upon the six and twelve month anniversaries of the date of issuance of the Warrants. Pursuant to the terms a note conversion and stock purchase agreement in December 2017 with Dr. Andrey Semechkin, the exercise price of the Series A Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants were reset at $1.75 per share. Warrants Issued with Common Stock 2013 Securities Purchase Agreements for Common Stock In conjunction with the Company’s sale of 67,500 shares of common stock on January 22, 2013, the Company issued warrants convertible into 33,750 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $30.00 per share. The warrants have a five-year term. These warrants are held by Dr. Andrey Semechkin and Dr. Simon Craw, the Company’s Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s former Executive Vice President Business Development, respectively. These warrants expired unexercised in January 2018. On March 12, 2013 the Company issued warrants convertible into 16,667 shares of common stock in conjunction with the sale of 33,334 shares of common stock. These warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $30.00 per share. Dr. Andrey Semechkin, the Company’s Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer is the holder of 1,667 of these warrants. These warrants expired unexercised in March 2018. Share data related to warrant transactions through March 31, 2019 were as follows: Common Stock Common Stock Price per Warrant March 2016 Financing October 2014 Financing Weighted Placement Placement Total Average Series A Agent Agent Warrants Range Exercise Price Outstanding, December 31, 2018 3,605,713 342,856 2,483 3,951,052 $ 1.75 $ 1.75 Forfeited/Cancelled — $ $ Outstanding, March 31, 2019 3,605,713 342,856 2,483 3,951,052 $ 1.75 $ 1.75

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	10. Commitments and Contingencies Leases The Company has established its primary research facility in 8,215 square feet of leased office and laboratory space in Oceanside, California. The current lease for this facility expires in December 2021, with the Company’s option to terminate the lease on January 1, 2020 upon a six-month advanced notice. The current base rent is approximately $10,000 per month. The facility has leasehold improvements which include cGMP (current Good Manufacturing Practices) level clean rooms designed for the derivation of clinical-grade stem cells and their differentiated derivatives, research laboratories for the Company’s stem cell differentiation studies and segregated rooms for biohazard control and containment of human donor tissue. The monthly base rent will increase by 3% annually on the anniversary date of the agreement. The Company leases a 13,320 square foot manufacturing facility in Frederick, Maryland, which is used for laboratory and administrative purposes. As of March 31, 2019, the base rent was approximately $17,000 per month. The lease was amended in October 2018 to increase the square footage from 8,280 square feet to 13,320 for an additional 5,040 square feet. In addition, the Company extended the lease to expire in November 2025. The administration space is used to support sales, marketing and accounting. The laboratory is being used to develop and manufacture the Company’s research products. The manufacturing laboratory space has clean rooms and is fitted with the necessary water purification systems, temperature-controlled storage, labeling equipment and other standard manufacturing equipment to manufacture, package, test, store, and distribute cell culture products. On February 25, 2011, the Company entered into a lease agreement (the “Lease Agreement”) with S Real Estate Holdings LLC to allow the Company to expand into new corporate offices located at 5950 Priestly Drive, Carlsbad, California. The building is used for administrative purposes, but could also be used for research and development purposes if such space is needed in the future. The lease initially covered approximately 4,653 square feet, starting on March 1, 2011, and was amended to cover approximately 8,199 square feet effective July 1, 2011, and to cover approximately 9,848 square feet effective January 1, 2013. The lease expired on February 29, 2016, and the Company extended the term of the lease for one year. On February 22, 2017, the Company extended the term of the lease for an additional three years. The Company began paying rent at an initial rate of approximately $5,000 per month and the rate was amended effective July 1, 2011 and January 1, 2013 to account for additional square footage occupied by the Company. As of March 31, 2019, the base rent is approximately $13,000 per month. The monthly base rent will increase by 3% annually on the anniversary date of the agreement. The Company is also obligated to pay a portion of the utilities for the building and increases in property tax and insurance. S Real Estate Holdings LLC is owned by Dr. Russell Kern, the Company’s Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer and a director, and was previously owned by Dr. Andrey Semechkin, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Lease Agreement was negotiated at arm’s length and was reviewed by the Company’s outside legal counsel. The terms of the lease were reviewed by a committee of independent directors, and the Company believes that, in total, those terms are consistent with the terms that could be obtained for comparable facilities from an unaffiliated party. These operating leases are included in "right-of-use asset" on the Company's March 31, 2019 balance sheet and represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The Company’s obligation to make lease payments is included in ”operating lease liabilities, current” and “operating lease liabilities, net of current portion” on the Company's March 31, 2019 balance sheet. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities commencing after January 1, 2019 are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As of March 31, 2019, total right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities were approximately $933,000 and $1,305,000, respectively. All operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Because the rate implicit in each lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments. Information related to the Company's right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Three months ended March 31, 2019 Cash paid for operating lease liabilities $ 119 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations $ 933 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 5.16 Weighted average discount rate 17.38 % Maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 were as follows : 2019 (remaining months) $ 372 2020 369 2021 347 2022 220 2023 227 Thereafter 454 1,989 Less: present value adjustments (684 ) Total lease liabilities $ 1,305 Current operating lease liabilities $ 294 Non-current operating lease liabilities 1,011 Total operating lease liabilities $ 1,305 The Company incurred rent expense of $140,000 and $87,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Customer Concentration During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, for the biomedical market segment, one customer accounted for 42% and 37% of consolidated revenues, respectively. No other single customer accounted for more than 10% of revenues for any period presented. Vendor Concentration During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, no single vendor accounted for more than 10% of consolidated purchases.

Segments and Geographic Informa

Segments and Geographic Information	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segments and Geographic Information	11. Segments and Geographic Information The Company’s chief operating decision-maker reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information by each reportable company’s statement of operations. The Company operates the business on the basis of three reporting segments, the parent company and two business units: International Stem Cell Corporation, incorporated in Delaware, is a research and development company, for the therapeutic market, which advances clinical applications of hpSCs for the treatment of various diseases of the central nervous system, liver diseases and is currently conducting clinical trials in Australia for the use of hpSCs in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cyto Therapeutics; Lifeline Skin Care, Inc. for the anti-aging cosmetic market, develops, manufactures and markets a category of anti-aging cosmetic skin care products based on the Company’s proprietary parthenogenetic stem cell technology and small molecule technology; Lifeline Cell Technology, LLC for the biomedical market, develops, manufactures and commercializes primary human cell research products including over 201 human cell culture products, including frozen human “primary” cells and the reagents (called “media”) needed to grow, maintain and differentiate the cells. Revenues, Expenses and Operating Income (loss) The Company does not measure the performance of its segments on any asset-based metrics. Therefore, segment information is presented only for operating income (loss). Revenues, expenses and operating income (loss) by market segment were as follows (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Revenues: Anti-aging cosmetic market $ 428 $ 498 Biomedical market 1,790 2,135 Total revenues 2,218 2,633 Operating expenses: Therapeutic market 1,658 1,816 Anti-aging cosmetic market 603 704 Biomedical market 1,446 1,298 Total operating expenses 3,707 3,818 Operating income (loss): Therapeutic market (1,658 ) (1,816 ) Anti-aging cosmetic market (175 ) (206 ) Biomedical market 344 837 Total operating loss $ (1,489 ) $ (1,185 ) Geographic Information The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries are located in Maryland, California, and Melbourne, Australia and have customer and vendor relationships worldwide. Significant revenues in the following regions are those that are attributable to the individual countries within the region to which the product was shipped (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 North America $ 1,997 $ 2,303 Asia 129 238 Europe 89 86 All other regions 3 6 Total $ 2,218 $ 2,633

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	12. Subsequent Events On April 17, 2019 to obtain funding for working capital purposes, the Company issued an unsecured, non-convertible promissory note in the amount of $1,800,000 to Dr. Andrey Semechkin, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors. Dr. Andrey Semechkin surrendered a promissory note from the Company for $1,000,000 and provided an additional $800,000 of funds to the Company. The outstanding principal amount accrues interest at a rate of four and a half Percent (4.5%) per annum and is due and payable January 15, 2020 but may be pre-paid by the Company without penalty at any time.

Organization and Significant _2

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Business Combination and Corporate Restructure	Business Combination and Corporate Restructure BTHC III, Inc. (“BTHC III” or the “Company”) was organized in Delaware in June 2005 as a shell company to effect the reincorporation of BTHC III, LLC, a Texas limited liability company. On December 28, 2006, the Company effected a Share Exchange pursuant to which it acquired all of the stock of International Stem Cell Corporation, a California corporation (“ISC California”). After giving effect to the Share Exchange, the stockholders of ISC California owned 93.7% of issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As a result of the Share Exchange, ISC California is now the wholly-owned subsidiary, though for accounting purposes it was deemed to have been the acquirer in a “reverse merger.” In the reverse merger, BTHC III is considered the legal acquirer and ISC California is considered the accounting acquirer. On January 29, 2007, the Company changed its name from BTHC III, Inc. to International Stem Cell Corporation. Lifeline Cell Technology, LLC (“LCT”) was formed in the State of California on August 17, 2001. LCT is in the business of developing and manufacturing purified primary human cells and optimized reagents for cell culture. LCT’s scientists have used a technology, called basal medium optimization, to systematically produce products designed to culture specific human cell types and to elicit specific cellular behaviors. These techniques also produce products that do not contain non-human animal proteins, a feature desirable to the research and therapeutic markets. LCT distinguishes itself in the industry by having in place scientific and manufacturing staff with the experience and knowledge to set up systems and facilities to produce a source of consistent, standardized, non-human animal protein free cell products, some of which are suitable for FDA approval. On July 1, 2006, LCT entered into an agreement among LCT, ISC California and the holders of membership units and warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, all the membership units in LCT were exchanged for 133,334 shares of ISC California Common Stock and for ISC California’s assumption of LCT’s obligations under the warrants. LCT became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ISC California. Lifeline Skin Care, Inc. (“LSC”) was formed in the State of California on June 5, 2009 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ISC California. LSC develops, manufactures and markets anti-aging cosmetic products, utilizing an extract derived from the Company’s human parthenogenetic stem cells and the Company’s proprietary small molecule technology. Cyto Therapeutics Pty. Ltd. (“Cyto Therapeutics”) was registered in the state of Victoria, Australia, on December 19, 2014 and is a limited proprietary company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Cyto Therapeutics is a research and development company for the Therapeutic Market, which is conducting clinical trials in Australia for the use of ISC-hpNSC ®
Going Concern	Going Concern The Company has sustained recurring losses and needs to raise additional working capital. The timing and degree of any future capital requirements will depend on many factors. The Company’s burn rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was approximately $96,000 per month, excluding capital expenditures and patent costs averaging $40,000 per month. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in maintaining its normal operating cash flow or raising additional funds, and that such cash flows will be sufficient to sustain the Company’s operations at least through one year after the issuance date of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Based on the above, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and they do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are focused on managing its cash flow, the proper timing of its capital expenditures, and raising additional capital or financing in the future.
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The Company is a biotechnology company focused on therapeutic and clinical product development with multiple long-term therapeutic opportunities and two revenue-generating subsidiaries with potential for increased future revenues. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. These financial statements do not include all information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. However, except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change to the information disclosed in the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the annual report on Form 10-K of International Stem Cell Corporation and Subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2018. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, consisting of only normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any other interim period or an entire year.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of International Stem Cell Corporation and its subsidiaries after intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Cash Equivalents	Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Inventory	Inventory Inventory is accounted for using the average cost and first-in, first-out (FIFO) methods for LCT cell culture media and reagents, average cost and specific identification methods for LSC products, and specific identification method for LCT products. Inventory balances are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Laboratory supplies used in the research and development process are expensed as consumed. Inventory is reviewed periodically for product expiration and obsolescence and is adjusted accordingly. The value of the inventory that is not expected to be sold within twelve months of the current reporting period is classified as non-current inventory on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the net invoice value and are not interest bearing. Accounts receivable primarily consist of trade accounts receivable from the sales of LCT’s products, timing of cash receipts by the Company related to LSC credit card sales to customers, as well as LSC trade receivable amounts related to spa and distributor sales. The Company considers receivables past due based on the contractual payment terms. The Company reviews its exposure to accounts receivable and reserves specific amounts if collectability is no longer reasonably assured. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts totaling $12,000.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. The provision for depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three to five years. The costs of major remodeling and leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the remaining term of the lease or the estimated life of the asset.
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of acquired research and development rights used in research and development, and capitalized legal fees related to the acquisition, filing, maintenance, and defense of patents and trademarks. Patent or patent license amortization only begins once a patent license is acquired or a patent is issued by the appropriate authoritative bodies. In the period in which a patent application is rejected or efforts to pursue the patent are abandoned, all the related accumulated costs are expensed. Patents and other intangible assets are recorded at cost of $3,692,000 and $3,632,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lives of the underlying patents or the useful life of the license. Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $35,000 and $27,000, respectively. All amortization expense related to intangible assets is included in general and administrative expense. Accumulated amortization as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $992,000 and $958,000, respectively.
Long-Lived Asset Impairment	Long-Lived Asset Impairment The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in business conditions indicate that their carrying value may not be recovered, and at least annually. The Company considers assets to be impaired and writes them down to fair value if expected associated undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amounts. Fair value is the present value of the associated cash flows. The Company recognized none and $111,000 of impairment losses on its intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, due to abandonment of efforts to pursue certain patents or patented technologies.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following five-step process: 1. Identify the contract with the customer 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract 3. Determine the transaction price 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract 5. Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by segment, product and geography, based on management's assessment of available data (in thousands): Biomedical Market: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 U.S. OUS* Total Revenues % of Total Revenues U.S. OUS* Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Biomedical products Cells $ 172 $ 100 $ 272 15 % $ 243 $ 141 $ 384 18 % Media 1,401 117 1,518 85 % 1,554 189 1,743 82 % Other — — — — 8 — 8 0 % Total $ 1,573 $ 217 $ 1,790 100 % $ 1,805 $ 330 $ 2,135 100 % *Outside the United States Cosmetic Market: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Cosmetic sales channels Ecommerce $ 215 50 % $ 291 58 % Professional 213 50 % 207 42 % Total $ 428 100 % $ 498 100 % The Company's revenue consists primarily of sales of products from its two revenue-generating operating segments, the anti-aging cosmetics products and biomedical products business segments. The cosmetic market segment markets and sells a line of luxury skincare products sold through two sales channels: ecommerce and professional. The ecommerce channel sells direct to customers through online orders, while the professional sales are to spas, salons and other skincare providers. The biomedical market segment markets and sells primary human cell research products with two product categories, cells and media, sold both within and outside the United States. Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements, invoices or online order forms which the Company considers to be a customer's contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or volume sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price. Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that the Company satisfies at a point in time. The Company recognizes product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) the Company has transferred physical possession of the products, (b) the Company has a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products. For LSC products, ecommerce sales are primarily paid through credit card charges, while professional sales are invoiced. The professional sales and biomedical products' standard payment terms for its customers are generally 30 days after the Company satisfies the performance obligations. For anti-aging cosmetic products, the Company honors a 30-day return policy, but historical returns have been minimal and as such, no estimated allowance for sales returns was recorded as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company elects to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. As a result, no consideration is allocated to shipping and handling. Rather, the Company accrues the cost of shipping and handling upon shipment of the product, and all contract revenue is recognized at the same time. Variable Consideration The Company records revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price it expects to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, the Company offers sales promotions on its skincare products such as discounts and free product offers. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur, and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. Contract Balances The Company records a receivable when it has an unconditional right to receive consideration after the performance obligations are satisfied. As of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, accounts receivable totaled $957,000 and $651,000, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not incur material impairment losses with respect to its receivables. Practical Expedients The Company has elected the practical expedient not to determine whether contacts with customers contain significant financing components. The Company pays commissions on certain sales for its biomedical and cosmetic market(s) once the customer payment has been received, which are accrued at the time of the sale. The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses. In addition, the Company has elected to exclude sales taxes in consideration of the transaction price.
Allowance for Sales Returns	Allowance for Sales Returns The Company’s cosmetic products have a 30-day product return guarantee and based on historical rate of returns from the years ended December 31, 2015 through 2018, the Company determined that there is a low probability that returns will occur. The returns that have historically occurred have not been significant and have been recognized as they occur as a reduction of revenue that is recognized as performance obligations are met. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has recorded no allowance for sales returns.
Cost of Sales	Cost of Sales Cost of sales consists primarily of salaries and benefits associated with employee efforts expended directly on the production of the Company’s products and include related direct materials, general laboratory supplies and allocation of overhead. Certain of the agreements under which the Company has licensed technology will require the payment of royalties based on the sale of its future products. Such royalties will be recorded as a component of cost of sales. Additionally, the amortization of license fees or milestone payments related to developed technologies used in the Company’s products will be classified as a component of cost of sales to the extent such payments become due in the future.
Research and Development Costs	Research and Development Costs Research and development costs, which are expensed as incurred, are primarily comprised of costs and expenses for salaries and benefits associated with research and development personnel, overhead and occupancy, contract services, and amortization of license costs for technology used in research and development with alternative future uses.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other stock-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation. The cost of a stock-based award is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are reported using a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2 Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and Level 3 Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity). Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The table below sets forth a summary of the Company’s liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands): Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 LIABILITIES: Warrants to purchase common stock $ 1,148 $ — $ — $ 1,148 The table below sets forth a summary of the Company’s liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 LIABILITIES: Warrants to purchase common stock $ 1,745 $ — $ — $ 1,745 The following table displays the rollforward activity of liabilities with inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) (in thousands): Warrants common stock Ending balance at December 31, 2017 $ 3,113 Adjustments to estimated fair value (1,368 ) Ending balance at December 31, 2018 $ 1,745 Adjustments to estimated fair value $ (597 ) Ending balance at March 31, 2019 $ 1,148
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with applicable authoritative guidance, which requires the Company to provide a net deferred tax asset/liability equal to the expected future tax benefit/expense of temporary reporting differences between book and tax accounting methods and any available operating loss or tax credit carryforwards.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates include patent life (remaining legal life versus remaining useful life), inventory carrying values, allowance for excess and obsolete inventories, allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts, and transactions using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, e.g., warrants and stock options, as well as the Monte-Carlo valuation method for certain warrants. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company believes that the carrying value of its cash, receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and related party note payable as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of certain warrants was determined at each issuance and quarterly reporting date as necessary using the Monte-Carlo valuation methodology.
Income (Loss) Per Common Share	Income (Loss) Per Common Share The computation of net loss per common share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted earnings per common share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period plus the common stock equivalents, which would arise from the exercise of stock options and warrants outstanding using the treasury stock method and the average market price per share during the period. At March 31, 2019, there were no non-vested shares of restricted stock, 2,140,156 vested and 3,339,031 non-vested stock options outstanding, and 3,951,052 warrants outstanding; and at March 31, 2018, there were no non-vested shares of restricted stock, 1,054,230 vested and 2,040,596 non-vested stock options outstanding, and 3,951,052 warrants outstanding. These stock options, warrants, and convertible preferred stock were not included in the diluted loss per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Refer to Note 6 for convertible preferred stock.
Comprehensive Income	Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income or loss includes all changes in stockholders’ equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company did not have any items of comprehensive income or loss other than net loss from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The adoption of ASU 2018-07 on January 1, 2019 did not result in a material impact on the Company’s balance sheet or statement of operations I n July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)" ("ASU 2017-11") effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU 2017-11 changes the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments require entities that present earnings per share ("EPS") in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when triggered with the effect treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. The adoption of ASU 2017-11 on January 1, 2019 did not result in a material impact on the Company’s balance sheet or statement of operations. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize “right-of-use” assets and a lease liability for all leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. The Company elected the exception from applying the new guidance for any short-term leases or leases with terms less than or equal to 12 months. Topic 842 requires additional quantitative and qualitative financial statement footnote disclosures about the leases, significant judgments made in accounting for those leases and amounts recognized in the financial statements about those leases. In 2018 and 2019, the FASB has issued and incorporated several additional ASUs to provide clarifying guidance associated with the application of certain principles within Topic 842. The effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The Company elected the “package of practical expedients,” which allowed the Company to not reassess under the new guidance, the Company’s prior conclusions about lease identification, classification, and treatment of initial direct costs as well as electing the modified retrospective approach effective January 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, total right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities were approximately $933,000 and $1,305,000 respectively. All operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Accounting Pronouncements Being Evaluated In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), “Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”

Organization and Significant _3

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Summary of Revenue Disaggregated by Segment, Product and Geography Based on Management's Assessment	The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by segment, product and geography, based on management's assessment of available data (in thousands): Biomedical Market: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 U.S. OUS* Total Revenues % of Total Revenues U.S. OUS* Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Biomedical products Cells $ 172 $ 100 $ 272 15 % $ 243 $ 141 $ 384 18 % Media 1,401 117 1,518 85 % 1,554 189 1,743 82 % Other — — — — 8 — 8 0 % Total $ 1,573 $ 217 $ 1,790 100 % $ 1,805 $ 330 $ 2,135 100 % *Outside the United States Cosmetic Market: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Total Revenues % of Total Revenues Cosmetic sales channels Ecommerce $ 215 50 % $ 291 58 % Professional 213 50 % 207 42 % Total $ 428 100 % $ 498 100 %
Fair Values of Liabilities on a Recurring Basis	The table below sets forth a summary of the Company’s liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands): Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 LIABILITIES: Warrants to purchase common stock $ 1,148 $ — $ — $ 1,148 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 LIABILITIES: Warrants to purchase common stock $ 1,745 $ — $ — $ 1,745
Fair Value Measurement and Unobservable Rollforward Activity of Liabilities	The following table displays the rollforward activity of liabilities with inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) (in thousands): Warrants common stock Ending balance at December 31, 2017 $ 3,113 Adjustments to estimated fair value (1,368 ) Ending balance at December 31, 2018 $ 1,745 Adjustments to estimated fair value $ (597 ) Ending balance at March 31, 2019 $ 1,148

Inventory (Tables)

Inventory (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of the Components of Inventories	The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Raw materials $ 670 $ 656 Work in process 583 590 Finished goods 1,218 1,276 Total 2,471 2,522 Less: allowance for inventory excess and obsolescence (219 ) (216 ) Inventory, net $ 2,252 $ 2,306

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Summary of Property and Equipment	Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Machinery and equipment $ 1,599 $ 1,614 Computer equipment and software 256 251 Office equipment 222 215 Leasehold improvements 996 996 Construction in progress 244 45 3,317 3,121 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,665 ) (2,652 ) Property and equipment, net $ 652 $ 469

Patent Licenses (Tables)

Patent Licenses (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of Future Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization	At March 31, 2019, future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization is expected to be as follows (in thousands): Amount 2019 (Remaining nine months) 72 2020 91 2021 91 2022 91 2023 91 Thereafter 2,181 Total $ 2,617

Advances (Tables)

Advances (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Advances [Abstract]
Schedule of Advances from Nonaffiliated Collaboration	As of March 31, 2019, no revenues were realized from this agreement. March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 BioTime, Inc. (in thousands) $ 250 $ 250

Capital Stock (Tables)

Capital Stock (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Summary of Shares of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance	At March 31, 2019, the Company had shares of common stock reserved for future issuance as follows: Options outstanding 5,479,187 Options available for future grant 3,971,056 Convertible preferred stock 6,132,276 Warrants 3,951,052 19,533,571

Stock Options and Warrants (Tab

Stock Options and Warrants (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]
Schedule of Total Stock-based Compensation Expense	Total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was comprised of the following (in thousands): Three Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31, March 31, 2019 2018 Cost of sales $ 24 $ 6 Research and development 156 124 Selling and marketing 23 7 General and administrative 303 170 $ 506 $ 307
Fair Value of Stock Option Award Weighted Average Assumptions	The fair value of options granted is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018: Three Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31, March 31, 2019 2018 Significant assumptions (weighted average): Risk-free interest rate at grant date 2.55 % 2.68 % Expected stock price volatility 84.80 % 95.61 % Expected dividend payout 0 % 0 % Expected option life based on management's estimate 5.77 years 5.76 years
Summary of Changes in Options Outstanding and Related Exercise Prices for Shares of Company's Common Stock Options Issued	The following tables summarize the changes in options outstanding and the related exercise prices for the Company’s common stock options issued: Number of Weighted Options Weighted Average Aggregate Under Average Remaining Intrinsic 2006 Plan and Price Per Contractual Value 2010 Plan Share Term (in thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 4,354,708 $ 3.95 Granted 1,142,000 $ 1.51 Exercised — $ — Canceled or expired (30,155 ) $ 1.78 Outstanding at March 31, 2019 5,466,553 $ 3.45 8.69 years 16 Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2019 5,065,661 $ 3.60 8.64 years $ 16 Exercisable at March 31, 2019 2,127,522 $ 6.29 7.88 years $ 10 Weighted Number of Weighted Average Aggregate Options Issued Average Exercise Remaining Intrinsic Outside Price Per Contractual Value the Plan Share Term (in thousands) Outstanding, vested and exercisable at December 31, 2018 12,634 $ 90.23 Granted — $ — Exercised — $ — Canceled or expired — $ — Outstanding, vested and exercisable at March 31, 2019 12,634 $ 90.23 0.66 years $ —
Summary of Outstanding Warrants Related to Warrant Transactions	Share data related to warrant transactions through March 31, 2019 were as follows: Common Stock Common Stock Price per Warrant March 2016 Financing October 2014 Financing Weighted Placement Placement Total Average Series A Agent Agent Warrants Range Exercise Price Outstanding, December 31, 2018 3,605,713 342,856 2,483 3,951,052 $ 1.75 $ 1.75 Forfeited/Cancelled — $ $ Outstanding, March 31, 2019 3,605,713 342,856 2,483 3,951,052 $ 1.75 $ 1.75

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Information Related to Right-of-use Assets and Lease Liabilities	Information related to the Company's right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Three months ended March 31, 2019 Cash paid for operating lease liabilities $ 119 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations $ 933 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 5.16 Weighted average discount rate 17.38 %
Schedule of Maturities of Lease Liabilities	Maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 were as follows : 2019 (remaining months) $ 372 2020 369 2021 347 2022 220 2023 227 Thereafter 454 1,989 Less: present value adjustments (684 ) Total lease liabilities $ 1,305 Current operating lease liabilities $ 294 Non-current operating lease liabilities 1,011 Total operating lease liabilities $ 1,305

Segments and Geographic Infor_2

Segments and Geographic Information (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Revenues, Expenses and Operating Income (Loss) by Market Segment	Revenues, expenses and operating income (loss) by market segment were as follows (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Revenues: Anti-aging cosmetic market $ 428 $ 498 Biomedical market 1,790 2,135 Total revenues 2,218 2,633 Operating expenses: Therapeutic market 1,658 1,816 Anti-aging cosmetic market 603 704 Biomedical market 1,446 1,298 Total operating expenses 3,707 3,818 Operating income (loss): Therapeutic market (1,658 ) (1,816 ) Anti-aging cosmetic market (175 ) (206 ) Biomedical market 344 837 Total operating loss $ (1,489 ) $ (1,185 )
Summary of Significant Revenues in Following Regions	Significant revenues in the following regions are those that are attributable to the individual countries within the region to which the product was shipped (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 North America $ 1,997 $ 2,303 Asia 129 238 Europe 89 86 All other regions 3 6 Total $ 2,218 $ 2,633

Organization and Significant _4

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)	Jul. 01, 2006shares	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)SubsidiarySegmentshares	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)shares	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)shares
Organization And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership in issued and outstanding shares of common stock parent Company		93.70%
Common stock in subsidiary Company | shares	133,334
Burn rate		$ 96,000
Capital expenditures and patent costs		$ 40,000
Revenue-generating subsidiaries | Subsidiary		2
Original maturities period, maximum		3 months
Cash equivalents		$ 0		$ 0
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable		12,000		12,000
Patents and other intangible assets		3,692,000		3,632,000
Accumulated amortization		992,000		958,000
Impairment losses on intangible assets		$ 0	$ 111,000
Number of revenue-generating operating segments | Segment		2
Description of payment terms		The Company's revenue consists primarily of sales of products from its two revenue-generating operating segments, the anti-aging cosmetics products and biomedical products business segments. The cosmetic market segment markets and sells a line of luxury skincare products sold through two sales channels: ecommerce and professional. The ecommerce channel sells direct to customers through online orders, while the professional sales are to spas, salons and other skincare providers. The biomedical market segment markets and sells primary human cell research products with two product categories, cells and media, sold both within and outside the United States.
Accounts receivable		$ 957,000		651,000
Impairment losses with respect to receivables		$ 0	$ 0
Product return guarantee period		30 days
Allowance for sales returns		$ 0		$ 0
Vested stock options outstanding | shares		2,140,156	1,054,230
Stock options outstanding, non-vested | shares		3,339,031	2,040,596
Warrants outstanding | shares		3,951,052	3,951,052	3,951,052
Right-of-use assets		$ 933,000
Operating lease, liabilites		1,305,000
ASU 2016-02 [Member]
Organization And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets		933,000
Operating lease, liabilites		$ 1,305,000
Restricted Stock [Member]
Organization And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Non-vested restricted stock awards | shares		0	0
LSC [Member]
Organization And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable		$ 0		$ 0
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Organization And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Amortization expense		$ 35,000	$ 27,000
Minimum [Member]
Organization And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment		3 years
Maximum [Member]
Organization And Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment		5 years
Sales commissions amortization period		1 year

Organization and Significant _5

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Revenue Disaggregated by Segment, Product and Geography Based on Management's Assessment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 2,218	$ 2,633
Biomedical Market [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 1,790	$ 2,135
% of Total Revenues	100.00%	100.00%
Biomedical Market [Member] | U.S. [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 1,573	$ 1,805
Biomedical Market [Member] | OUS [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	217	330
Biomedical Market [Member] | Cells [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 272	$ 384
% of Total Revenues	15.00%	18.00%
Biomedical Market [Member] | Cells [Member] | U.S. [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 172	$ 243
Biomedical Market [Member] | Cells [Member] | OUS [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	100	141
Biomedical Market [Member] | Media [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 1,518	$ 1,743
% of Total Revenues	85.00%	82.00%
Biomedical Market [Member] | Media [Member] | U.S. [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 1,401	$ 1,554
Biomedical Market [Member] | Media [Member] | OUS [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	117	189
Biomedical Market [Member] | Other [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues		$ 8
% of Total Revenues		0.00%
Biomedical Market [Member] | Other [Member] | U.S. [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues		$ 8
Cosmetic Market [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 428	$ 498
% of Total Revenues	100.00%	100.00%
Cosmetic Market [Member] | Ecommerce [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 215	$ 291
% of Total Revenues	50.00%	58.00%
Cosmetic Market [Member] | Professional [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenues	$ 213	$ 207
% of Total Revenues	50.00%	42.00%

Organization and Significant _6

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Values of Liabilities on a Recurring Basis (Detail) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - Warrants [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
LIABILITIES:
Warrants to purchase common stock	$ 1,148	$ 1,745
Level 3 [Member]
LIABILITIES:
Warrants to purchase common stock	$ 1,148	$ 1,745

Organization and Significant _7

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurement and Unobservable Rollforward Activity of Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Adjustments to estimated fair value	$ 597	$ 355
Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Beginning balance	1,745	$ 3,113	$ 3,113
Adjustments to estimated fair value	(597)		(1,368)
Ending balance	$ 1,148		$ 1,745

Inventory - Summary of the Comp

Inventory - Summary of the Components of Inventories (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 670	$ 656
Work in process	583	590
Finished goods	1,218	1,276
Total	2,471	2,522
Less: allowance for inventory excess and obsolescence	(219)	(216)
Inventory, net	$ 2,252	$ 2,306

Property and Equipment - Summar

Property and Equipment - Summary of Property and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 3,317	$ 3,121
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,665)	(2,652)
Property and equipment, net	652	469
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,599	1,614
Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	256	251
Office Equipment [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	222	215
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	996	996
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 244	$ 45

Property and Equipment - Additi

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 37	$ 41

Patent Licenses - Additional In

Patent Licenses - Additional Information (Detail)	Feb. 07, 2013Installment	May 14, 2004USD ($)	Feb. 13, 2004USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2003USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Other patent acquisition costs and trademarks							$ 2,945,000
UMass IP [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Obligation to pay royalties (Ranged)	0.25%
Minimum annual license fee					$ 150,000	$ 75,000
Number of installments | Installment	2
UMass IP [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Previously Reported [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Obligation to pay royalties (Ranged)	6.00%
UMass IP [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Previously Reported [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Obligation to pay royalties (Ranged)	12.00%
Astellas IP [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Patent acquisition costs							$ 747,000
License [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Option and license fees		$ 400,000	$ 22,500	$ 340,000

Patent Licenses - Summary of Fu

Patent Licenses - Summary of Future Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization (Detail) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2019 (Remaining nine months)	$ 72
2020	91
2021	91
2022	91
2023	91
Thereafter	2,181
Total	$ 2,617

Advances - Additional Informati

Advances - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 18, 2008
Advances [Abstract]
Advances from nonaffiliated collaboration	$ 250,000	$ 250,000	$ 250,000
Specified amount of revenue to be utilized for advances			$ 250,000
Revenue realized from agreement	$ 0

Advances - Schedule of Advances

Advances - Schedule of Advances from Nonaffiliated Collaboration (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 18, 2008
Advances [Abstract]
Advances from nonaffiliated collaboration	$ 250	$ 250	$ 250

Capital Stock - Additional Info

Capital Stock - Additional Information (Detail) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, shares authorized	120,000,000	120,000,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized	20,000,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001

Capital Stock - Series B Prefer

Capital Stock - Series B Preferred Stock Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	May 12, 2008USD ($)Investor$ / sharesshares	Mar. 31, 2016$ / shares	May 31, 2008	Mar. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2016$ / shares	Mar. 12, 2013$ / shares	Jan. 22, 2013$ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of accredited investors | Investor	5
Warrants exercisable price | $ / shares				$ 1.75	$ 1.75		$ 30	$ 30
Restricted Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued to non-employee directors | $ / shares						$ 1.08
Series B Warrants [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock | shares	2
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of units issued | shares	400,000
Number of Series B Preferred Stock for each Series B unit | shares	1
Common stock purchase price, per share | $ / shares	$ 1
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock and warrants | $	$ 400
Initial conversion price | $ / shares	$ 75
Warrants exercisable price | $ / shares	$ 75
Number of years from issuance of warrants to convert as common stock	5 years
Liquidation premium			6.00%
Preferred stock, shares issued | shares				250,000	250,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding | shares				250,000	250,000
Convertible preferred stock, conversion price | $ / shares		$ 1.08
Series B Preferred Stock [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion ratio for each share | shares	0.0134

Capital Stock - Series D Prefer

Capital Stock - Series D Preferred Stock Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - $ / shares	Mar. 12, 2013	Jan. 22, 2013	Dec. 30, 2008	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold	33,334	67,500
Series D Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold			43
Preferred stock, price per share			$ 100,000
Preferred stock, shares issued					43	43
Preferred stock, shares outstanding					43	43
Initial conversion price			$ 37.50
Conversion ratio for each share			2,667
Convertible preferred stock, conversion price				$ 1.75
Series D Preferred Stock [Member] | X-Master Inc. [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold			10
Series D Preferred Stock [Member] | Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold			33
Series I Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding					5,124	5,124
Initial conversion price					$ 1.75

Capital Stock - Series G Prefer

Capital Stock - Series G Preferred Stock Transactions - Additional Information (Detail)	Jan. 21, 2019USD ($)shares	Mar. 12, 2013shares	Jan. 22, 2013shares	Mar. 09, 2012USD ($)Directors$ / sharesshares	Mar. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold		33,334	67,500
Convertible common stock, conversion price | $ / shares					$ 1.75
Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion of debt, shares					599,000
Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Note Conversion Agreement [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Non-convertible promissory note, principal amount | $	$ 1,000,000
Accrued and unpaid interest | $	$ 49,000
Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Note Conversion Agreement [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion of debt, shares	599,222
Series G Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, conversion price | $ / shares				$ 60	$ 9.70
Conversion ratio for each share				0.0167	0.1031
Number of directors to be nominated by preferred shareholders | Directors				2
Number of independent directors out of directors to be nominated by preferred shareholders | Directors				1
Preferred stock, shares issued					5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding					5,000,000	5,000,000
Series G Preferred Stock [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible Redeemable Preferred stock, shares outstanding				1,000,000
Series G Preferred Stock [Member] | AR Partners, LLC [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold				5,000,000
Issuance price per share | $ / shares				$ 1
Total proceeds | $				$ 5,000,000

Capital Stock - Series I Prefer

Capital Stock - Series I Preferred Stock Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 15, 2016	Mar. 09, 2016	Mar. 12, 2013	Jan. 22, 2013	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of convertible preferred stock sold			33,334	67,500
Warrants outstanding converted into common stock			16,667	33,750
Warrants exercisable price			$ 30	$ 30	$ 1.75	$ 1.75
Warrant term				5 years
Placement Agent [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable price		$ 3.64
Warrant term		5 years
Date of placement agency engagement letter		Mar. 9, 2016
Placement agent fee		$ 200,000
From exercises of warrants, shares		343,000
Reimbursement of fees and expenses		$ 50,000
Series I-1 Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding					814	814
Series I-2 Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding					4,310	4,310
Series I Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Initial conversion price					$ 1.75
Preferred stock, shares outstanding					5,124	5,124
Purchasers [Member] | Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash proceeds	$ 2,500,000
Purchasers [Member] | Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Series A Warrants [Member] | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding converted into common stock		3,600,000
Warrants exercisable price		$ 3.64
Warrant term		5 years
Purchasers [Member] | Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Series B Warrants [Member] | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding converted into common stock		3,600,000
Warrants exercisable price		$ 1.75
Warrant term		6 months
Purchasers [Member] | Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Series C Warrants [Member] | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding converted into common stock		3,600,000
Warrants exercisable price		$ 1.75
Warrant term		12 months
Purchasers [Member] | Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Series I-1 Preferred Stock [Member] | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of convertible preferred stock sold		2,000
Preferred stock, stated value per share		$ 1,000
Purchasers [Member] | Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Series I-2 Preferred Stock [Member] | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of convertible preferred stock sold		4,310
Preferred stock, stated value per share		$ 1,000

Capital Stock - Summary of Shar

Capital Stock - Summary of Shares of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Detail)	Mar. 31, 2019shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance net	19,533,571
Options Outstanding [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance net	5,479,187
Options Available for Future Grant [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance net	3,971,056
Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance net	6,132,276
Warrants [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance net	3,951,052

Related Party Transactions - Ad

Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	Jan. 21, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Aug. 08, 2018
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party rent expense		$ 40,000	$ 40,000
Conversion of debt		$ 1,049,000
Common Stock [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Conversion of debt, shares		599,000
Conversion of debt		$ 1,000
Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Note Conversion Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Non-convertible promissory note, principal amount	$ 1,000,000
Related party transaction, description		The outstanding principal amount under the New Note accrues interest at a rate of four and one-half percent (4.5%) per annum. The New Note is due and payable on January 15, 2020, but may be pre-paid by the Company without penalty at any time.
Debt conversion, converted instrument	1,049,000
Accrued interest on promissory note	$ 49,000
Conversion price	$ 1.75
Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Note Conversion Agreement [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Conversion of debt, shares	599,222
Unsecured Non-convertible Promissory Note [Member] | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Non-convertible promissory note, principal amount				$ 2,000,000
Maturity date				Nov. 1, 2018
Annual interest rate				4.00%
Related party transaction, description		The outstanding principal amount under the Note accrued interest at a rate of four percent (4%) per annum. The Note was due and payable November 1, 2018 and on November 12, 2018, to satisfy the indebtedness incurred on the Note, an amendment to the Note was entered into extending the due date to January 15, 2019
Unsecured Non-convertible Promissory Note [Member] | Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Note Conversion Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Non-convertible promissory note, principal amount				$ 1,000,000
Maturity date	Jan. 15, 2020
Annual interest rate	4.50%
Conversion of debt	$ 1,000,000

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for income taxes	$ 0

Stock Options and Warrants - St

Stock Options and Warrants - Stock Options - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2009	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2010	Dec. 31, 2006
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options		$ 3,450,000
Unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested shares expected to be recognized, weighted-average period		2 years
2006 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiry of options		10 years
Stock options expiration date		Nov. 16, 2016
Options granted to employees, directors and consultants		0
2006 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options that may be granted					100,000
2010 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiry of options		10 years
2010 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options that may be granted				9,700,000
Outside Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiry of options		10 years
Options granted to employees, directors and consultants	68,384
Award vesting terms		50 months
Number of options outstanding		12,634	12,634
Number of options exercised, canceled or expired		55,750
2006 Plan and 2010 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options granted to employees, directors and consultants		1,142,000
Number of options outstanding		5,466,553	4,354,708
2006 Plan and 2010 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiry of options		10 years

Stock Options and Warrants - Sc

Stock Options and Warrants - Schedule of Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 506	$ 307
Cost of Sales [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	24	6
Research and Development [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	156	124
Selling and Marketing [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	23	7
General and Administrative [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 303	$ 170

Stock Options and Warrants - Fa

Stock Options and Warrants - Fair Value of Stock Option Award, Weighted Average Assumptions (Detail) - Options Available for Future Grant [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Significant assumptions (weighted average):
Risk-free interest rate at grant date	2.55%	2.68%
Expected stock price volatility	84.80%	95.61%
Expected dividend payout	0.00%	0.00%
Expected option life based on management's estimate	5 years 9 months 7 days	5 years 9 months 3 days

Stock Options and Warrants - Su

Stock Options and Warrants - Summary of Changes in Options Outstanding and Related Exercise Prices for Shares of Company's Common Stock Options Issued (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2009	Mar. 31, 2019
2006 Plan and 2010 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Options, Outstanding, Beginning balance		4,354,708
Number of Options, Granted		1,142,000
Number of Options, Canceled or expired		(30,155)
Number of Options, Outstanding, Ending balance		5,466,553
Number of Options, Options vested and expected to vest Ending Balance		5,065,661
Number of Options, Options exercisable Ending Balance		2,127,522
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding, Beginning balance		$ 3.95
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted		1.51
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Canceled or expired		1.78
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding, Ending balance		3.45
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options vested or expected to vest Ending Balance		3.60
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options exercisable Ending Balance		$ 6.29
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Options Outstanding Ending Balance		8 years 8 months 8 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Options vested or expected to vest Ending Balance		8 years 7 months 20 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Options exercisable Ending Balance		7 years 10 months 17 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options outstanding, Ending balance		$ 16
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options vested or expected to vest Ending Balance		16
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options exercisable Ending Balance		$ 10
Outside Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Options, Outstanding, Beginning balance		12,634
Number of Options, Granted	68,384
Number of Options, Exercised
Number of Options, Canceled or expired
Number of Options, Outstanding, Ending balance		12,634
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding, Beginning balance		$ 90.23
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercised
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Canceled or expired
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding, Ending balance		$ 90.23
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Options exercisable Ending Balance		7 months 28 days

Stock Options and Warrants - Re

Stock Options and Warrants - Restricted Stock Awards - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 506,000	$ 307,000
Under 2006 Plan and 2010 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Granted	0	5,527
Number of Shares, Vested		5,527
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, fully Vested		$ 1.47
Grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards	$ 0	$ 8,000
Stock-based compensation expense	0	$ 8,000
Unrecognized compensation costs	$ 0

Stock Options and Warrants - Wa

Stock Options and Warrants - Warrants Issued in Connection with October 2014 Financing - Additional Information (Detail) - Placement Agent Warrants [Member]	Mar. 31, 2019$ / shares	Nov. 25, 2014$ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Closing price of common stock	$ 1.12
Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Closing price of common stock	$ 1.75
Warrant Exercise Price [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	1.75	1.75
Stock Price Volatility [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	77.2
Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | U.S. Treasury Notes [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	2.40
Options and Warrant Expected Term [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding term	1 year 14 days
Dividend Rate [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0

Stock Options and Warrants - Pl

Stock Options and Warrants - Placement Agent Warrants Price Adjustment - Additional Information (Detail)	Mar. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018shares	Mar. 31, 2018shares	Nov. 25, 2014$ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding	3,951,052	3,951,052	3,951,052
Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding	2,483
Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Warrant Exercise Price [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input | $ / shares	1.75			1.75

Stock Options and Warrants - _2

Stock Options and Warrants - Warrants Issued in Connection with March 2016 Financing - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / shares	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017$ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Change in fair value of warrant liability | $	$ 597,000	$ 355,000
Series-A and Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Warrant Exercise Price [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input			1.75
March 2016 Financing [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Change in fair value of warrant liability | $	$ 597,000	$ 355,000
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Series-A and Placement Agent Warrants [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Closing price of common stock	$ 1.12
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Series-A and Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Closing price of common stock	$ 1.75
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Series-A and Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Warrant Exercise Price [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	1.75
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Series-A and Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Stock Price Volatility [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	77.2
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Series-A and Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | U.S. Treasury Notes [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	2.27
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Series-A and Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Options and Warrant Expected Term [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding term	1 year 11 months 15 days
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Series-A and Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Dividend Rate [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0

Stock Options and Warrants - _3

Stock Options and Warrants - Warrants Issued with Common Stock - Additional Information (Detail) - $ / shares	Mar. 12, 2013	Jan. 22, 2013	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold	33,334	67,500
Warrants outstanding converted into common stock	16,667	33,750
Warrants exercisable price	$ 30	$ 30	$ 1.75	$ 1.75
Warrant term		5 years
Expiration date of warrants			Jan. 31, 2018
Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding converted into common stock	1,667
Warrant term	5 years
Expiration date of warrants			Mar. 31, 2018

Stock Options and Warrants - _4

Stock Options and Warrants - Summary of Outstanding Warrants Related to Warrant Transactions (Detail) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 12, 2013
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Outstanding, Beginning balance	3,951,052	3,951,052
Number of Shares, Outstanding, Ending balance	3,951,052	3,951,052
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning balance	$ 1.75		$ 30
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance	1.75	$ 1.75	$ 30
Weighted Average [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning balance	1.75
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance	$ 1.75	$ 1.75
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Series A Common Stock [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Outstanding, Beginning balance	3,605,713
Number of Shares, Outstanding, Ending balance	3,605,713	3,605,713
March 2016 Financing [Member] | Placement Agent [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Outstanding, Beginning balance	342,856
Number of Shares, Outstanding, Ending balance	342,856	342,856
October 2014 Financing [Member] | Placement Agent [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Outstanding, Beginning balance	2,483
Number of Shares, Outstanding, Ending balance	2,483	2,483

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)ft²Customer	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)Customer	Oct. 31, 2018ft²	Sep. 30, 2018ft²	Feb. 22, 2017	Jan. 01, 2013ft²	Jul. 01, 2011ft²	Mar. 01, 2011ft²
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets	$ 933,000
Operating lease liabilities	1,305,000
Rent expense	$ 140,000	$ 87,000
Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] | Vendor One [Member] | Cost of Goods Total [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	10.00%
Number of customers accounted for more than 10% | Customer	0	0
Biomedical Market [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Major customer 1 [Member] | Sales Revenue Segment [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	42.00%	37.00%
Oceanside Facility [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Current square feet of leased office and laboratory | ft²	8,215
Lease expiration period	2021-12
Option to terminate of lease	Jan. 1, 2020
Advanced notice required to terminate lease	6 months
Current base rent	$ 10,000
Percentage of increase in monthly base rent	3.00%
Frederick [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Current square feet of leased office and laboratory | ft²	13,320			8,280
Lease expiration period	2025-11
Current base rent	$ 17,000
Additional square feet of leased office and laboratory | ft²			5,040
Priestly Drive [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Current square feet of leased office and laboratory | ft²						9,848	8,199	4,653
Current base rent	$ 13,000
Percentage of increase in monthly base rent	3.00%
Expiry of lease	Feb. 29, 2016
Expiry of lease additional	1 year				3 years
Initial monthly base rent	$ 5,000

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Information Related to Right-of-use Assets and Lease Liabilities (Detail) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Operating Leases Future Minimum Payments Due [Abstract]
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$ 119
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$ 933
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	5 years 1 month 27 days
Weighted average discount rate	17.38%

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Detail)	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Operating Leases Future Minimum Payments Due [Abstract]
2019 (remaining months)	$ 372,000
2020	369,000
2021	347,000
2022	220,000
2023	227,000
Thereafter	454,000
Total lease payments	1,989,000
Less: present value adjustments	(684,000)
Operating lease, liabilites	1,305,000
Current operating lease liabilities	294,000
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,011,000
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 1,305,000

Segments and Geographic Infor_3

Segments and Geographic Information - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018SegmentUnitsProduct
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number reporting segments | Segment	3
Number of business units | Units	2
Human cell culture products | Product	201

Segments and Geographic Infor_4

Segments and Geographic Information - Revenues, Expenses and Operating Income (Loss) by Market Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 2,218	$ 2,633
Operating expenses:
Total operating expenses	3,707	3,818
Operating income (loss):
Total operating income (loss)	(1,489)	(1,185)
Anti-aging Cosmetic Market [Member]
Revenues:
Total revenues	428	498
Operating expenses:
Total operating expenses	603	704
Operating income (loss):
Total operating income (loss)	(175)	(206)
Biomedical Market [Member]
Revenues:
Total revenues	1,790	2,135
Operating expenses:
Total operating expenses	1,446	1,298
Operating income (loss):
Total operating income (loss)	344	837
Therapeutic Market [Member]
Operating expenses:
Total operating expenses	1,658	1,816
Operating income (loss):
Total operating income (loss)	$ (1,658)	$ (1,816)

Segments and Geographic Infor_5

Segments and Geographic Information - Summary of Significant Revenues in Following Regions (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 2,218	$ 2,633
North America [Member]
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	1,997	2,303
Asia [Member]
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	129	238
Europe [Member]
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	89	86
All Other Regions [Member]
Revenues From External Customers And Long Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 3	$ 6

Subsequent Events - Additional

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	Apr. 17, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Related party payable		$ 1,009,000	$ 2,045,000
Unsecured Non-convertible Promissory Note [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Non-convertible promissory note, principal amount	$ 1,800,000
Promissory note surrendered	1,000,000
Related party payable	$ 800,000
Annual interest rate	4.50%
Maturity date	Jan. 15, 2020
Related party transaction, description	The outstanding principal amount accrues interest at a rate of four and a half Percent (4.5%) per annum and is due and payable January 15, 2020 but may be pre-paid by the Company without penalty at any time.