Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Supernus Europe Ltd. These are collectively referred to herein as “Supernus” or “the Company.” All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information. As permitted under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP), certain notes and other information have been omitted from the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary to fairly present the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The Company currently operates in one business segment. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s future financial results. Marketable Securities Marketable securities consist of investments in U.S. Treasuries, various U.S. governmental agency debt securities, corporate bonds and other fixed income securities. The Company’s investments are classified as available for sale. Such securities are carried at estimated fair value, with any unrealized holding gains or losses reported, net of any tax effects reported, as accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses, and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, if any, are included in consolidated results of operations. A decline in the market value of any available for sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in fair value, which is charged to earnings in that period, and a new cost basis for the security is established. Dividend and interest income is recognized when earned. The cost of securities sold is calculated using the specific identification method. The Company places all investments with highly rated government or private sector or industrial financial institutions whose debt is rated as investment grade. The Company classifies all available-for-sale marketable securities with maturities greater than one year from the balance sheet date as non-current assets. The Company established the Supernus Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) for the sole purpose of receiving funds for executives from a previous SERP and providing a continuing deferral program under the Supernus SERP. As of September 30, 2015, the fair value of the SERP was $267,000 and was held in cash securities. As of December 30, 2014, the estimated fair value of the mutual fund investment securities within the SERP was approximately $305,000. The fair value of these assets is included within other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. A corresponding noncurrent liability is also included in the consolidated balance sheets to reflect the Company’s obligation for the SERP. The Company has not made, and has no plans to make, contributions to the SERP. The securities are restricted in nature and can only be used for purposes of paying benefits under the SERP. Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable are reported on the consolidated balance sheets at outstanding amounts, less an allowance for doubtful accounts and discounts. The Company extends credit without requiring collateral. The Company writes off uncollectible receivables when the likelihood of collection is remote. The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable on a regular basis. An allowance, when needed, is based upon various factors including the financial condition and payment history of customers, an overall review of collections experience on other accounts, and economic factors or events expected to affect future collections experience. No accounts have been written off in 2015 and 2014. The Company recorded an allowance of approximately $4.7 million and $4.1 million for estimated sales discounts as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Revenue Recognition Revenue from product sales is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred and title to the product and associated risk of loss has passed to the customer; the price is fixed or determinable; collection from the customer has been reasonably assured; all performance obligations have been met; and returns and allowances can be reasonably estimated. Product sales are recorded net of estimated rebates, chargebacks, discounts, co-pay assistance and other deductions as well as estimated product returns (collectively, “sales deductions”). Our products are distributed through wholesalers and pharmaceutical distributors. Each of these wholesalers and distributors will take title and ownership to the product upon physical receipt of the product and then distribute our products to pharmacies. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the revenue for Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR was recognized contemporaneously upon shipment of finished products to wholesalers, net of allowances for estimated sales deductions and returns. Beginning in the second quarter of 2014, the Company began recognizing revenue for Trokendi XR, net of estimated sales deductions, at the time of shipments to wholesalers. Prior to this change in accounting estimate, the Company recognized revenue for Trokendi XR once delivery had occurred and all sales deductions were known or reasonably estimated. The effect of this change was to increase net product sales by $7.9 million, which represents the impact of the deferred product revenue at December 31, 2013, and cost of product sales by $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded a $2.9 million reduction to net revenue related to a change in estimate associated with its accrued sales deductions of $18.8 million at September 30, 2015. The change in estimate reflects returns experience associated with our initial launch shipments, which have now passed their expiry dating. Royalty Revenue In the third quarter of 2014, the Company received a $30.0 million payment pursuant to a royalty agreement related to the purchase by HC Royalty of certain of the Company’s rights under the agreement with United Therapeutics Corporation related to the commercialization of Orenitram. We have recorded a non-recourse liability related to this transaction and have begun to amortize this amount to recognize royalty revenue as royalties are received by HC Royalty from United Therapeutics. We also recognize non-cash interest expense related to this liability that accrues at an effective interest rate determined based on projections of HC Royalty’s rate of return. We recognized royalty revenue of $2.0 million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We recognized interest expense of $2.5 million and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Sales Deductions Allowances for estimated sales deductions are provided for the following: · Rebates. Rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Medicare coverage gap program, as well as negotiated discounts with commercial health-care providers. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of products to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with the public sector (e.g. Medicaid) and with private sector benefit providers. The allowance for rebates is based on statutory and contractual discount rates and expected claimed rebates paid based on a plan provider’s utilization. Rebates are generally invoiced and paid quarterly in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity, plus an accrual balance for known prior quarters’ unpaid rebates. If actual future rebates vary from estimates, we may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect revenue in the period of adjustment. · Chargebacks. Chargebacks are discounts that occur when contracted customers purchase directly from an intermediary distributor or wholesaler. Contracted customers, which currently consist primarily of Public Health Service institutions and Federal government entities purchasing via the Federal Supply Schedule, generally purchase the product at a discounted price. The distributor or wholesaler, in turn, charges back the difference between the price initially paid by the distributor or wholesaler and the discounted price paid to the distributor or wholesaler by the customer. The allowance for distributor/wholesaler chargebacks is based on known sales to contracted customers. · Distributor/Wholesaler deductions and discounts. U.S. specialty distributors and wholesalers are offered various forms of consideration including allowances, service fees and prompt payment discounts as consideration for distributing our products. Distributor allowances and service fees arise from contractual agreements with distributors and are generally a percentage of the purchase price paid by the distributors and wholesalers. Wholesale customers are offered a prompt pay discount for payment within a specified period. · Co-pay assistance. Patients who pay in cash or have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-pay assistance from the Company. The intent of this program is to reduce the patient’s out of pocket costs. Liabilities for co-pay assistance are based on actual program participation and estimates of program redemption using data provided by third-party administrators. · Returns. Sales of our products are not subject to a general right of return; however, the Company will accept product that is damaged or defective when shipped directly from our warehouse and expired product six months prior and up to 12 months subsequent to its expiry date. Product that has been used to fill patient prescriptions is no longer subject to any right of return. Milestone Payments Milestone payments on licensing agreements are recognized as revenue when the collaborative partner acknowledges completion of the milestone and substantive effort was necessary to achieve the milestone. Management may recognize revenue contingent upon the achievement of a milestone in its entirety in the period in which the milestone is achieved only if the milestone meets all the criteria to be considered substantive. The Company recorded zero and $750,000 of milestone revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and zero and $2.0 million of milestone revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. Cost of Product Sales The cost of product sales consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs, freight and distribution costs, allocation of labor, quality control and assurance, and other manufacturing overhead costs. Income Taxes The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in its consolidated financial statements when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. The Company’s policy is to recognize any interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-05, “Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement.” This ASU provides guidance about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the software license element of the arrangement is consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, then it should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The amendments in this ASU are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company has elected to adopt the amendment early. The adoption of this standard had no impact on the Company’s financial results. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” Under this new guidance, entities that measure inventory using any method other than last-in, first-out or the retail inventory method will be required to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The amendments in this ASU, which should be applied prospectively, are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU No. 2015-11 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” This ASU more closely aligns the treatment of debt issuance costs with debt discounts and premiums and requires debt issuance costs be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt. The amendments in this ASU are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 and interim periods within those fiscal years. This guidance has been applied on a retrospective basis and the impact is reflected in the as previously reported column in Note 2. The adoption of ASU 2015-03 resulted in a reclassification of deferred financing costs of $765,000, $724,000 and $129,000 from asset to liability classification on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2014, December 31, 2014 and September 2015, respectively. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15 “Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. We do not believe the adoption of the new standard will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 will eliminate transaction- and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replace it with a principles-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The FASB has voted to approve a one-year deferral, changing the effective date to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption being permitted for periods ending after December 15, 2016. Earlier adoption is not permitted. Entities can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Presently, the Company is assessing what effect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company has evaluated all other ASUs issued through the date the consolidated financials were issued and believes that no other ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |