Palisade Bio (PALI) 10-Q 13 Aug 18 2018 Q2 Quarterly report Financial data

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	Neuralstem, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	1,357,459
Trading Symbol	cur
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		15,160,014
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

Unaudited Condensed Consolidate

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,092,832	$ 6,674,940
Short-term investments		5,000,000
Trade and other receivables	478,722	312,802
Current portion of related party receivable, net of discount		58,784
Prepaid expenses	343,428	402,273
Total current assets	7,914,982	12,448,799
Property and equipment, net	128,017	172,886
Patents, net	814,023	883,462
Related party receivable, net of discount and current portion	343,281	365,456
Other assets	33,004	13,853
Total assets	9,233,307	13,884,456
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	713,068	875,065
Accrued bonuses		418,625
Other current liabilities	52,933	220,879
Total current liabilities	766,001	1,514,569
Warrant liabilities, at fair value	2,283,833	3,852,882
Other long term liabilities	8,270	1,876
Total liabilities	3,058,104	5,369,327
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, 7,000,000 shares authorized, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	10,000	10,000
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized, 15,160,014 shares issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	151,600	151,600
Additional paid-in capital	217,485,751	217,050,174
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,142	2,631
Accumulated deficit	(211,473,290)	(208,699,276)
Total stockholders' equity	6,175,203	8,515,129
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 9,233,307	$ 13,884,456

Unaudited Condensed Consolidat3

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,000,000	7,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	15,160,014	15,160,014
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	15,160,014	15,160,014

Unaudited Condensed Consolidat4

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Revenues	$ 252,500	$ 2,500	$ 255,000	$ 5,000
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses	1,014,780	2,585,079	2,184,221	5,487,165
General and administrative expenses	1,260,692	1,635,652	2,442,746	2,968,073
Total operating expenses	2,275,472	4,220,731	4,626,967	8,455,238
Operating loss	(2,022,972)	(4,218,231)	(4,371,967)	(8,450,238)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	19,514	14,013	37,263	34,896
Interest expense	(772)	(15,728)	(2,692)	(154,460)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments	1,378,830	(341,611)	1,569,049	(3,082,925)
Fees related to issuance of indcuement warrants and other expenses	(1,646)	(87,635)	(5,667)	(563,719)
Total other income (expense)	1,395,926	(430,961)	1,597,953	(3,766,208)
Net loss	$ (627,046)	$ (4,649,192)	$ (2,774,014)	$ (12,216,446)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.39)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.06)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)	15,144,243	11,906,334	15,130,666	11,525,730
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$ (627,046)	$ (4,649,192)	$ (2,774,014)	$ (12,216,446)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,604)	(384)	(1,489)	(555)
Comprehensive loss	$ (628,650)	$ (4,649,576)	$ (2,775,503)	$ (12,217,001)

Unaudited Condensed Consolidat5

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (2,774,014)	$ (12,216,446)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	114,312	180,586
Share-based compensation expense	435,577	1,174,388
Amortization of deferred financing fees and debt discount		59,781
Change in fair value of liability classified warrants	(1,569,049)	3,082,925
Warrant inducement expense		563,744
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		8,128
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade and other receivables	(165,920)	5,146
Related party receivable	80,959	74,356
Prepaid expenses	43,664	459,398
Other assets	(4,000)	1,971
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(151,704)	(160,741)
Accrued bonuses	(418,625)	(852,963)
Other current liabilities	41,690	(173,440)
Other long term liabilities	(3,321)	(14,073)
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,370,431)	(7,807,240)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Maturity of short-term investments	5,000,000	5,000,000
Purchase of short-term investments		(5,000,000)
Patent costs		(83,774)
Purchase of property and equipment		(9,674)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	5,000,000	(93,448)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from warrants exercised, net of issuance costs		3,006,410
Proceeds from sale of common stock		97,050
Payments of long-term debt		(3,765,568)
Payments of short-term notes payable	(209,636)	(189,306)
Net cash (used in ) provided by financing activities	(209,636)	(851,414)
Effects of exchange rates on cash	(2,041)	(363)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	417,892	(8,752,465)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	6,674,940	15,194,949
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	7,092,832	6,442,484
Supplemental disclosure of cash flows information:
Cash paid for interest	$ 2,692	$ 139,080

Note 1 - Organization, Business

Note 1 - Organization, Business and Financial Condition	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 1. Organization, Business and Financial Condition Nature of business Neuralstem, Inc. and its subsidiary are referred to as “Neuralstem,” the “Company,” “us,” or “we” throughout this report. The operations of our wholly-owned and controlled subsidiary located in China are consolidated in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and all intercompany activity has been eliminated. The Company operates in one Neuralstem is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company that is utilizing its proprietary human neural stem cell technology to create a comprehensive platform of therapies for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. The Company has utilized this technology as a tool for small-molecule drug discovery and to create cell therapy biotherapeutics to treat central nervous system diseases. The Company was founded in 1997 Liquidity and Going Concern The Company has incurred losses since its inception and has not not no one June 30, 2018, one 10 The consolidated financial statements do not We expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to enable us to fund our anticipated level of operations based on our current operating plans into the first 2019. no not may third not Our independent registered public accounting firm issued an emphasis of matter in their audit report regarding substantial doubt over our ability to continue as a going concern in our audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017. We have spent and will continue to spend substantial funds in the research, development, pre-clinical and clinical testing of our small molecule and stem cell product candidates with the goal of ultimately obtaining approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) and its international equivalents, to market and sell our products. No

Note 2 - Significant Accounting

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	Note 2. Basis of Presentation In management’s opinion, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to present fairly our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017, not may not 10 December 31, 2017, may Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include significant estimates for the expected economic life and value of our licensed technology and related patents, our net operating loss and related valuation allowance for tax purposes, the fair value of our liability classified warrants and our share-based compensation related to employees and directors, consultants and advisors, among other things. Because of the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Fair Value Measurements The carrying amounts of our short-term financial instruments, which primarily include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. The fair value of our long-term indebtedness was estimated based on the quoted prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities and approximates the carrying value. The fair values of our liability classified warrants were estimated using Level 3 3 Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of our wholly owned foreign subsidiary is its local currency. Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiary are translated into United States dollars based on exchange rates at the end of the reporting period; income and expense items are translated at the weighted average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments for subsidiary are accumulated in other comprehensive income or loss, a component of stockholders' equity. Transaction gains or losses are included in the determination of net loss. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Short-Term Investments and Credit Risk Cash equivalents consist of investments in low risk, highly liquid money market accounts and certificates of deposit with original maturities of 90 may Short-term investments consist entirely of fixed income certificates of deposit (“CDs”) with original maturities of greater than 90 not one Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our investment policy, approved by our Board of Directors, limits the amount we may one not Revenue On January 1, 2018, 606, not January 1, 2018. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as they are incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs associated with the pre-clinical development and clinical trials of our product candidates. We record cost reimbursements under our SBIR grants as an offset to research and development expenses. For the three six June 30, 2018, $91,000 $175,000, No 2017. Income (Loss) per Common Share Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing total net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For periods of net income when the effects are dilutive, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding and the dilutive impact of all dilutive potential common shares. Dilutive potential common shares consist primarily of convertible preferred stock, stock options, restricted stock units and common stock purchase warrants. The dilutive impact of potential common shares resulting from common stock equivalents is determined by applying the treasury stock method. Our unvested restricted shares contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, and therefore are considered to be participating securities; the calculation of basic and diluted income per share excludes net income attributable to the unvested restricted shares from the numerator and excludes the impact of the shares from the denominator. For all periods of net loss, diluted loss per share is calculated similarly to basic loss per share because the impact of all dilutive potential common shares is anti-dilutive due to the net losses; accordingly, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss per share for all periods presented. A total of approximately 9.4 8.1 three six June 30, 2018 2017, Share-Based Compensation We account for share-based compensation at fair value. Share-based compensation cost for stock options and stock purchase warrants granted to employees and board members is generally determined at the grant date while awards granted to non-employee consultants are generally valued at the vesting date using an option pricing model that uses Level 3 Intangible and Long-Lived Assets We assess impairment of our long-lived assets using a "primary asset" approach to determine the cash flow estimation period for a group of assets and liabilities that represents the unit of accounting for a long-lived asset to be held and used. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not not No three six June 30, 2018 2017. Income Taxes We account for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of future tax benefits or liabilities on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of our assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. We also recognize a tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is “more likely than not” Corporate tax rate changes resulting from the impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 December 31, 2017 June 30, 2018. Significant New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Guidance In May 2014, No. 2014 09, December 15, 2017. may January 1, 2018 not In May 2017, ASU No. 2017 09, December 15, 2017 January 1, 2018 not In July 2017, ASU No. 2017 11, no December 15, 2018 January 1, 2018, not Unadopted Guidance In February 2016, ASU, No. 2016 02, December 15, 2018 not In June 2016, ASU No. 2016 13, December 15, 2019, December 15, 2018, not In June 2018, ASU 2018 07, ASC 718, 1 2 3 not We have reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not no

Note 3 - Fair Value Measurement

Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]	Note 3. Fair value is the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability assuming an orderly transaction in the most advantageous market at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used in measuring fair value. These levels are: • Level 1 • Level 2 not • Level 3 Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis We have segregated our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date. At June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017, May 2016 August 2017 4 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Liabilities Liability classified stock purchase warrants $ - $ - $ 3,852,882 $ 3,852,882 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ - $ - $ 3,852,882 $ 3,852,882 Liability classified stock purchase warrants $ - $ - $ 2,283,833 $ 2,283,833 Balance at June 30, 2018 $ - $ - $ 2,283,833 $ 2,283,833 The following table presents the activity for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 six June 30, 2018: Mark-to-market Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 3,852,882 Change in fair value - gain (1,569,049 ) Balance at June 30, 2018 $ 2,283,833 The following table presents the activity for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 six June 30, 2017: Mark-to-market Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 3,921,917 Exercise of warrants (3,737,434 ) Change in fair value - loss 3,082,925 Balance at June 30, 2017 $ 3,267,408 The (gains) losses resulting from the changes in the fair value of the liability classified warrants are classified as other income or expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the common stock purchase warrants is determined based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model or other option pricing models as appropriate and includes the use of unobservable inputs such as the expected term, anticipated volatility and expected dividends. Changes in any of the assumptions related to the unobservable inputs identified above may

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements
Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 4. We have granted share-based compensation awards to employees, board members and service providers. Awards may ten June 30, 2018, 6.2 We typically record share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Share-based compensation expense included in the statements of operations is as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Research and development expenses $ 22,917 $ 435,969 General and administrative expenses 173,825 215,980 Total $ 196,742 $ 651,949 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Research and development expenses $ 87,500 $ 808,435 General and administrative expenses 348,077 365,953 Total $ 435,577 $ 1,174,388 Stock Options A summary of stock option activity and related information for the six June 30, 2018 Number of Options Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Outstanding at January 1, 2018 1,894,077 $ 19.76 4.7 $ 108,000 Granted - $ - Exercised - $ - $ - Forfeited (416,591 ) $ 42.92 Outstanding at June 30, 2018 1,477,486 $ 13.24 5.4 $ - Exercisable at June 30, 2018 1,257,034 $ 14.89 4.8 $ - Range of Exercise Prices Number of Options Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate $1.00 - $3.50 200,000 $ 1.18 9.4 $ - $3.51 - $13.00 743,775 $ 9.54 5.6 - $13.01 - $26.00 365,707 $ 15.28 3.4 - $26.01 - $39.00 65,504 $ 30.85 3.0 - $39.01 - $56.00 102,500 $ 45.03 5.1 - 1,477,486 $ 13.24 5.4 $ - The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model for “plain vanilla” options and other pricing models as appropriate to calculate the fair value of options. There were no six June 30, 2018. six June 30, 2017, $2.99 Unrecognized compensation cost for unvested stock option awards outstanding at June 30, 2018 $491,000 1.9 RSUs We have granted restricted stock units (RSUs) to certain employees and board members that entitle the holders to receive shares of our common stock upon vesting and subject to certain restrictions regarding the exercise of the RSUs. The grant date fair value of RSUs is based upon the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. There were no six June 30, 2018 2017. six June 30, 2018 $25,000. At June 30, 2018, 11,235 $11.77 $12,500. No six June 30, 2018. June 30, 2018. Restricted Stock We have granted restricted stock to certain board members that vest quarterly over the board year. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock is based upon the market price of the common stock on the date of grant. No six June 30, 2018 2017. Restricted stock vesting in the six June 30, 2018 $3.00 $69,000. We had no June 30, 2018. Stock Purchase Warrants. We have issued warrants to purchase common stock to certain officers, directors, stockholders and service providers as well as in conjunction with debt and equity offerings and at various times replacement warrants were issued as an inducement for warrant exercises. In May 2016 August 2017, 1,746,173 2,250,000 contained in the warrants. At June 30, 2018, 2,982,709 3 No six June 30, 2018. A summary of outstanding warrants at June 30, 2018 Range of Exercise Number of Range of Expiration Dates $2.00 - $3.90 2,994,248 May 2021 - August 2024 $5.79 - $5.80 11,539 July 2022 $12.80 - $12.90 39,296 January 2022 $16.20 - $16.30 174,544 March 2020 $22.10 - $27.90 153,755 March 2019 - January 2021 $34.50 - $39.00 159,639 August 2018 - October 2019 $39.10 - $39.20 230,772 October 2020 - October 2021 $47.30 - $52.20 275,897 January 2019 - July 2019 4,039,690 Preferred and Common Stock We have outstanding 1,000,000 4.5% December 2016. 4.5% 3,887,387

Note 5 - Commitments and Contin

Note 5 - Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 5. We currently operate one one 1,500 $5,600 December 31, 2018. In 2015, 3,100 $11,600 August 31, 2019. May 2017, $92,000 April 2018, $50,000 We also lease a research facility in People’s Republic of China. This lease expires on September 30, 2018 $3,200 From time to time, we are parties to legal proceedings that we believe to be ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the business. We are currently not

Note 6 - Related Party Receivab

Note 6 - Related Party Receivable	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements
Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 6. On August 10, 2016, six $658,000 The $658,000 $199,000 $458,000 June 30, 2018 $100,000 July 2022.

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Basis of Presentation In management’s opinion, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to present fairly our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017, not may not 10 December 31, 2017, may
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include significant estimates for the expected economic life and value of our licensed technology and related patents, our net operating loss and related valuation allowance for tax purposes, the fair value of our liability classified warrants and our share-based compensation related to employees and directors, consultants and advisors, among other things. Because of the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Fair Value Measurements The carrying amounts of our short-term financial instruments, which primarily include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. The fair value of our long-term indebtedness was estimated based on the quoted prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities and approximates the carrying value. The fair values of our liability classified warrants were estimated using Level 3 3
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]	Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of our wholly owned foreign subsidiary is its local currency. Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiary are translated into United States dollars based on exchange rates at the end of the reporting period; income and expense items are translated at the weighted average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments for subsidiary are accumulated in other comprehensive income or loss, a component of stockholders' equity. Transaction gains or losses are included in the determination of net loss.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Cash, Cash Equivalents, Short-Term Investments and Credit Risk Cash equivalents consist of investments in low risk, highly liquid money market accounts and certificates of deposit with original maturities of 90 may Short-term investments consist entirely of fixed income certificates of deposit (“CDs”) with original maturities of greater than 90 not one Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our investment policy, approved by our Board of Directors, limits the amount we may one not
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Revenue On January 1, 2018, 606, not January 1, 2018.
Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as they are incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs associated with the pre-clinical development and clinical trials of our product candidates. We record cost reimbursements under our SBIR grants as an offset to research and development expenses. For the three six June 30, 2018, $91,000 $175,000, No 2017.
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Income (Loss) per Common Share Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing total net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For periods of net income when the effects are dilutive, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding and the dilutive impact of all dilutive potential common shares. Dilutive potential common shares consist primarily of convertible preferred stock, stock options, restricted stock units and common stock purchase warrants. The dilutive impact of potential common shares resulting from common stock equivalents is determined by applying the treasury stock method. Our unvested restricted shares contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, and therefore are considered to be participating securities; the calculation of basic and diluted income per share excludes net income attributable to the unvested restricted shares from the numerator and excludes the impact of the shares from the denominator. For all periods of net loss, diluted loss per share is calculated similarly to basic loss per share because the impact of all dilutive potential common shares is anti-dilutive due to the net losses; accordingly, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss per share for all periods presented. A total of approximately 9.4 8.1 three six June 30, 2018 2017,
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]	Share-Based Compensation We account for share-based compensation at fair value. Share-based compensation cost for stock options and stock purchase warrants granted to employees and board members is generally determined at the grant date while awards granted to non-employee consultants are generally valued at the vesting date using an option pricing model that uses Level 3
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Intangible and Long-Lived Assets We assess impairment of our long-lived assets using a "primary asset" approach to determine the cash flow estimation period for a group of assets and liabilities that represents the unit of accounting for a long-lived asset to be held and used. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not not No three six June 30, 2018 2017.
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Income Taxes We account for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of future tax benefits or liabilities on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of our assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. We also recognize a tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is “more likely than not” Corporate tax rate changes resulting from the impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 December 31, 2017 June 30, 2018.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Significant New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Guidance In May 2014, No. 2014 09, December 15, 2017. may January 1, 2018 not In May 2017, ASU No. 2017 09, December 15, 2017 January 1, 2018 not In July 2017, ASU No. 2017 11, no December 15, 2018 January 1, 2018, not Unadopted Guidance In February 2016, ASU, No. 2016 02, December 15, 2018 not In June 2016, ASU No. 2016 13, December 15, 2019, December 15, 2018, not In June 2018, ASU 2018 07, ASC 718, 1 2 3 not We have reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not no

Note 3 - Fair Value Measureme13

Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Notes Tables
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]	Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Liabilities Liability classified stock purchase warrants $ - $ - $ 3,852,882 $ 3,852,882 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ - $ - $ 3,852,882 $ 3,852,882 Liability classified stock purchase warrants $ - $ - $ 2,283,833 $ 2,283,833 Balance at June 30, 2018 $ - $ - $ 2,283,833 $ 2,283,833
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	Mark-to-market Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 3,852,882 Change in fair value - gain (1,569,049 ) Balance at June 30, 2018 $ 2,283,833 Mark-to-market Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 3,921,917 Exercise of warrants (3,737,434 ) Change in fair value - loss 3,082,925 Balance at June 30, 2017 $ 3,267,408

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity (

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Notes Tables
Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Research and development expenses $ 22,917 $ 435,969 General and administrative expenses 173,825 215,980 Total $ 196,742 $ 651,949 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Research and development expenses $ 87,500 $ 808,435 General and administrative expenses 348,077 365,953 Total $ 435,577 $ 1,174,388
Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]	Number of Options Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Outstanding at January 1, 2018 1,894,077 $ 19.76 4.7 $ 108,000 Granted - $ - Exercised - $ - $ - Forfeited (416,591 ) $ 42.92 Outstanding at June 30, 2018 1,477,486 $ 13.24 5.4 $ - Exercisable at June 30, 2018 1,257,034 $ 14.89 4.8 $ -
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, by Exercise Price Range [Table Text Block]	Range of Exercise Prices Number of Options Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate $1.00 - $3.50 200,000 $ 1.18 9.4 $ - $3.51 - $13.00 743,775 $ 9.54 5.6 - $13.01 - $26.00 365,707 $ 15.28 3.4 - $26.01 - $39.00 65,504 $ 30.85 3.0 - $39.01 - $56.00 102,500 $ 45.03 5.1 - 1,477,486 $ 13.24 5.4 $ -
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Warrant Activity [Table Text Block]	Range of Exercise Number of Range of Expiration Dates $2.00 - $3.90 2,994,248 May 2021 - August 2024 $5.79 - $5.80 11,539 July 2022 $12.80 - $12.90 39,296 January 2022 $16.20 - $16.30 174,544 March 2020 $22.10 - $27.90 153,755 March 2019 - January 2021 $34.50 - $39.00 159,639 August 2018 - October 2019 $39.10 - $39.20 230,772 October 2020 - October 2021 $47.30 - $52.20 275,897 January 2019 - July 2019 4,039,690

Note 1 - Organization, Busine15

Note 1 - Organization, Business and Financial Condition (Details Textual)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018
Number of Operating Segments	1

Note 2 - Significant Accounti16

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation (Details Textual) - USD ($) shares in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Cost Reimbursements from SBIR Grant as Offset to Research and Development Expenses	$ 91,000	$ 0	$ 175,000	$ 0
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	9.4	8.1	9.4	8.1
Asset Impairment Charges, Total	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Note 3 - Fair Value Measureme17

Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements - Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair value of liabilities	$ 2,283,833	$ 3,852,882
Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Liability classified stock purchase warrants	2,283,833	3,852,882
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair value of liabilities
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Liability classified stock purchase warrants
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair value of liabilities
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Liability classified stock purchase warrants
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair value of liabilities	2,283,833	3,852,882
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Liability classified stock purchase warrants	$ 2,283,833	$ 3,852,882

Note 3 - Fair Value Measureme18

Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements - Activity for Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Stock Purchase Warrants [Member] - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Balance	$ 3,852,882	$ 3,921,917
Change in fair value	(1,569,049)	3,082,925
Exercise of warrants		(3,737,434)
Balance	$ 2,283,833	$ 3,267,408

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity19

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	May 31, 2016	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period				10 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant				6,200,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross				0
Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price					$ 2.99
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Stock Options				$ 491,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition				1 year 328 days
Series A 4.5% Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Private Placement [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues		1,000,000
Preferred Stock, Dividend Rate, Percentage		4.50%
Convertible Preferred Stock, Issuable Upon Conversion of All Shares		3,887,387
Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Issued During Period	2,250,000		1,746,173	0
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding				2,982,709
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period				0	0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested				$ 25,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number, Ending Balance				11,235
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value				$ 11.77
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding				$ 12,500
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Exercised				0
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period				0	0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested				$ 69,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value				$ 3
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number, Ending Balance				0

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity -

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Share-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Research and development expenses	$ 196,742	$ 651,949	$ 435,577	$ 1,174,388
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Research and development expenses	22,917	435,969	87,500	808,435
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Research and development expenses	$ 173,825	$ 215,980	$ 348,077	$ 365,953

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity21

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Options Outstanding (in shares)	1,894,077
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 19.76
Weighted- average remaining contractual life (Year)	5 years 146 days		4 years 255 days
Options Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value			$ 108,000
Options Granted (in shares)	0
Options Granted, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)		$ 2.99
Options Exercised (in shares)
Options Exercised, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)
Options Forfeited (in shares)	(416,591)
Options Forfeited, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 42.92
Options Outstanding (in shares)	1,477,486		1,894,077
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 13.24		$ 19.76
Options Exercisable (in shares)	1,257,034
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 14.89
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Year)	4 years 292 days
Options Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity22

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options by Exercise Price Range (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	1,477,486
Weighted- average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 13.24
Weighted- average remaining contractual life (Year)	5 years 146 days	4 years 255 days
Aggregate intrinsic value		$ 108,000
Range One [Member]
Range of exercises prices, lower limit (in dollars per share)	$ 1
Range of exercise prices, upper limit (in dollars per share)	$ 3.50
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	200,000
Weighted- average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.18
Weighted- average remaining contractual life (Year)	9 years 146 days
Aggregate intrinsic value
Range Two [Member]
Range of exercises prices, lower limit (in dollars per share)	$ 3.51
Range of exercise prices, upper limit (in dollars per share)	$ 13
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	743,775
Weighted- average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 9.54
Weighted- average remaining contractual life (Year)	5 years 219 days
Aggregate intrinsic value
Range Three [Member]
Range of exercises prices, lower limit (in dollars per share)	$ 13.01
Range of exercise prices, upper limit (in dollars per share)	$ 26
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	365,707
Weighted- average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 15.28
Weighted- average remaining contractual life (Year)	3 years 146 days
Aggregate intrinsic value
Range Four [Member]
Range of exercises prices, lower limit (in dollars per share)	$ 26.01
Range of exercise prices, upper limit (in dollars per share)	$ 39
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	65,504
Weighted- average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 30.85
Weighted- average remaining contractual life (Year)	3 years
Aggregate intrinsic value
Range Five [Member]
Range of exercises prices, lower limit (in dollars per share)	$ 39.01
Range of exercise prices, upper limit (in dollars per share)	$ 56
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	102,500
Weighted- average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 45.03
Weighted- average remaining contractual life (Year)	5 years 36 days
Aggregate intrinsic value

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity23

Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Warrant Activity (Details) - Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018$ / sharesshares
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	4,039,690
Range One [Member]
Lower exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 2
Upper exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 3.90
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	2,994,248
Range One [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Expiration dates	May 2021 - August 2024
Range Two [Member]
Lower exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 5.79
Upper exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 5.80
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	11,539
Range Two [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Expiration dates	July 2,022
Range Three [Member]
Lower exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 12.80
Upper exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 12.90
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	39,296
Range Three [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Expiration dates	January 2,022
Range Four [Member]
Lower exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 16.20
Upper exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 16.30
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	174,544
Range Four [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Expiration dates	March 2,020
Range Six [Member]
Lower exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 22.10
Upper exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 27.90
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	153,755
Range Six [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Expiration dates	March 2019 - January 2021
Range Seven [Member]
Lower exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 34.50
Upper exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 39
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	159,639
Range Seven [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Expiration dates	August 2018 - October 2019
Range Eight [Member]
Lower exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 39.10
Upper exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 39.20
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	230,772
Range Eight [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Expiration dates	October 2020 - October 2021
Range Nine [Member]
Lower exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 47.30
Upper exercise price range (in dollars per share)	$ 52.20
Number of warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares	275,897
Range Nine [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Expiration dates	January 2019 - July 2019

Note 5 - Commitments and Cont24

Note 5 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual)	1 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2018USD ($)	May 31, 2017USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)ft²	Dec. 31, 2015USD ($)ft²
UNITED STATES
Number of Facilities			1
CHINA
Number of Facilities			1
Lease Monthly Payment			$ 3,200
Germantown, MD [Member]
Area of Real Estate Property | ft²			1,500
Lease Monthly Payment			$ 5,600
San Diego, CA [Member]
Area of Real Estate Property | ft²				3,100
Lease Monthly Payment				$ 11,600
Gain (Loss) on Termination of Lease	$ (50,000)	$ (92,000)

Note 6 - Related Party Receiv25

Note 6 - Related Party Receivable (Details Textual) - Chief Scientific Officer [Member] - Repayment Agreement of Improperly Expense Reimbursement [Member] - USD ($)	Aug. 10, 2016	Jun. 30, 2018
Due from Related Parties, Term	6 years
Due from Related Parties, Total	$ 658,000
Due from Related Party, Discount	$ 199,000
Nonoperating Gain (Loss), Related Party Settlement		$ 458,000
Due from Related Party, Annual Installments		$ 100,000