Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Consolidation | ' |
Basis of Consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), and include the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of all subsidiaries and variable interest entity. All significant inter-company balances, transactions and cash flows are eliminated on consolidation. |
Foreign Currency Translation | ' |
Foreign Currency Translation |
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The Company accounts for foreign currency translation pursuant to ASC Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters. The functional currency of Orient Paper HB and Orient Paper Shengde is the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (“RMB”). Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than RMB are translated into RMB at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than RMB are converted into RMB at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of income. The functional currency of Orient Paper, Dongfang Holding and Shengde Holdings is United States dollars. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than United States dollars are translated into United States dollars at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Translation in currencies other than United States dollars are converted into United States dollars at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains or losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of income. |
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Under ASC Topic 830-30, all assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars using the current exchange rate at the end of each fiscal period. The current exchange rates used by the Company as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 to translate the Chinese RMB to the U.S. Dollars are 6.11220:1, and 6.30860:1, respectively. Revenues and expenses are translated using the average exchange rates prevailing throughout the respective years at 6.19430:1, 6.31160:1 and 6.45440:1 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive income (loss). |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and revenues and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. The most significant estimates relate to allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, inventory valuation, useful lives and impairment for property, plant and equipment, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates made by management. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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For purposes of reporting within the statements of cash flows, Orient Paper considers all cash on hand, cash accounts not subject to withdrawal restrictions or penalties, and all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. |
Accounts Receivable | ' |
Accounts Receivable |
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Trade accounts receivable are recorded on shipment of products to customers. The trade receivables are all without customer collateral and interest is not accrued on past due accounts. Periodically, management reviews the adequacy of its provision for doubtful accounts based on historical bad debt expense results and current economic conditions using factors based on the aging of its accounts receivable. Additionally, the Company may identify additional allowance requirements based on indications that a specific customer may be experiencing financial difficulties. Actual bad debt results could differ materially from these estimates. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the balance of allowance for doubtful accounts was $67,592 and $57,643, respectively; and the movement of the provision of the doubtful accounts is as below. While management uses the best information available upon which to base estimates, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used for the purposes of analysis. |
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| | December 31, | | | December 31, | |
Allowance of doubtful accounts | | 2013 | | | 2012 | |
Opening balance | | $ | 57,643 | | | $ | 76,752 | |
Provision (Reversal of provision) for the year | | | 7,990 | | | | (19,631 | ) |
Exchange difference | | | 1,959 | | | | 522 | |
Closing balance | | $ | 67,592 | | | $ | 57,643 | |
Inventories | ' |
Inventories |
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Inventories consist principally of raw materials and finished goods, and are stated at the lower of cost (average cost method) or market. Cost includes labor, raw materials, and allocated overhead. No provision in inventories has been provided for the fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
Property, Plant, and Equipment | ' |
Property, Plant, and Equipment |
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Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. Major renewals, betterments, and improvements are capitalized to the asset accounts while replacements, maintenance, and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed to operations. At the time property, plant, and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related accumulated depreciation or amortization accounts are relieved of the applicable amounts. Gains or losses from retirements or sales are credited or charged to operations. |
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Construction-in-progress is stated at cost and capitalized as expenses are incurred or as payments are made pursuant to relevant construction contracts. Contract retention is recorded as accrued liability. Construction in progress is not depreciated until project completion and the constructed property being placed in service, at which time the capitalized balance will be transferred to appropriate account of property, plant and equipment. |
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The Company depreciates property, plant, and equipment using the straight-line method as follows: |
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Land use right | Over the lease term | | | | | | | |
Building and improvements | 30 years | | | | | | | |
Machinery and equipment | 5-15 years | | | | | | | |
Vehicles | 15 years | | | | | | | |
Valuation of long-lived asset | ' |
Valuation of long-lived asset |
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The Company reviews the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events and circumstances warrants such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset and intangible assets. Fair market value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets and intangible assets to be disposed are determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for the cost to dispose. |
Assets held for sale | ' |
Assets held for sale |
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When assets are identified by management as held for sale, the Company discontinues depreciating the assets and estimates the sales price, net of selling costs, of such assets. If, in management's opinion, the estimated net sales price of the assets which have been identified as held for sale is less than the net book value of the assets, a valuation allowance is established. Properties identified as held for sale and/or disposed of are presented as Assets held for sale for all periods presented. |
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If circumstances arise that previously were considered unlikely and, as a result, the Company decides not to sell a property previously classified as held for sale, the property is reclassified as held and used. A property that is reclassified is measured and recorded individually at the lower of (a) its carrying amount before the property was classified as held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation (amortization) expense that would have been recognized had the property been continuously classified as held and used, or (b) the fair value at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments using the available market information and valuation methods. Considerable judgment is required in estimating fair value. Accordingly, the estimates of fair value may not be indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the carrying value of the Company’s short term financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts and notes payable, and balance due to a related party, approximate at their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments; while bank loans, loan from a related party and obligation under capital lease approximate at their fair value as the interest rates thereon are close to the market rates of interest published by the People’s Bank of China. |
Statutory Reserves | ' |
Statutory Reserves |
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According to the laws and regulations in the PRC, the Company is required to provide for certain statutory funds, namely, reserve fund by an appropriation from net profit after taxation but before dividend distribution based on the local statutory financial statements of the PRC subsidiary and variable interest entity prepared in accordance with the PRC accounting principles and relevant financial regulations. |
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The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary and variable interest entity in the PRC are required to allocate at least 10% of its net profit to the reserve fund until the balance of such fund has reached 50% of its registered capital. Appropriations of additional reserve fund are determined at the discretion of its directors. The reserve fund can only be used, upon approval by the relevant authority, to offset accumulated losses or increase capital. |
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For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, Orient Paper made transfers to this reserve fund in the amounts of $74,446, $100,518, and $201,855, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, all transfers to statutory reserves were made by Orient Paper Shengde. The Company’s variable interest entity Orient Paper HB, which statutory reserve account has been fully funded for 50% of its registered capital in the amount of RMB 75,030,000 (or approximately $11,811,470) as of December 31, 2010, did not make any transfer to statutory reserves during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
Employee Benefit Plan | ' |
Employee Benefit Plan |
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Full time employees of the PRC entities participate in a government mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. The total provision for such employee benefits was $nil, $nil and $nil for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
Revenue Recognition Policy | ' |
Revenue Recognition Policy |
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The Company recognizes revenue when goods are delivered, when a formal arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, the delivery is completed, no other significant obligations of the Company exist, and collectability is reasonably assured. Goods are considered delivered when customer’s truck picks up goods at our finished goods inventory warehouse. |
Shipping Cost | ' |
Shipping Cost |
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Substantially all customers use their own trucks or hire commercial trucking companies to pick up goods from the Company. The Company usually incurs no shipping cost for delivery of goods to customers. For those rare situations where products are not shipped utilizing customer specified shipping services, the Company charges customers a shipping fee which is included in net revenues and was not material. Freight-in and handling costs incurred by the Company with respect to purchased goods are recorded as a component of inventory cost and charged to cost of sales when the inventory items are sold. |
Advertising | ' |
Advertising |
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The Company expenses all advertising and promotion costs as incurred. The Company incurred $5,085, $10,478 and $6,818 of advertising and promotion costs for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
Research and development costs | ' |
Research and development costs |
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Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and development expenses incurred $25,125, $21,636 and $19,756 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
Borrowing costs | ' |
Borrowing costs |
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Borrowing costs attributable directly to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets which require a substantial period of time to be ready for their intended use or sale, are capitalized as part of the cost of those assets. Income earned on temporary investments of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on those assets is deducted from borrowing costs capitalized. All other borrowing costs are recognized in interest expenses in the period in which they are incurred. |
Government subsidies | ' |
Government subsidies |
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A government subsidy is not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that: (a) the enterprise will comply with the conditions attached to the grant; and (b) the grant will be received. When the Company received the government subsidies but the conditions attached to the grants have not been fulfilled, such government subsidies are deferred and recorded under other payables and accrued expenses, and other long-term liability. The reclassification of short-term or long-term liabilities is depended on the management's expectation of when the conditions attached to the grant can be fulfilled. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company received government subsidies of $171,125, $nil and $nil, which are recognized as subsidy income in the statements of income in that fiscal year. |
Lease Obligations | ' |
Lease Obligations |
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All non-cancellable leases with an initial term greater than one year are categorized as either capital or operating leases. For the lessee, a lease is a capital lease if any of the following conditions exist: a) ownership is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term, b) there is a bargain purchase option, c) the lease term is at least 75% of the property’s estimated remaining economic life or d) the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term is 90% or more of the fair value of the leased property to the lessor at the inception date. A capital lease is accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and an incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases. Assets recorded under capital leases are amortized according to the same depreciation methods employed for property, plant and equipment or over the term of the related lease, if shorter. |
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The Company defers any profit or loss from a sale-leaseback transaction unless any of the following conditions exist: a) the seller-lessee relinquishes the right to substantially all of the remaining use of the property sold retaining only a minor portion of such use; b) the seller-lessee retains more than a minor part but less than substantially all of the use of the property through the leaseback and realizes a profit on the sale in excess of the recorded amount of the leased assets; or c) the fair value of the property at the time of the transaction is less than its undepreciated cost, in which circumstance a loss shall be recognized immediately. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
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The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. Income taxes are provided on an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Any tax paid by subsidiaries during the year is recorded. Current tax is based on the profit or loss from ordinary activities adjusted for items that are non-assessable or disallowable for income tax purpose and is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. ASC Topic 740 also requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax losses and tax credit carry-forwards. ASC Topic 740 additionally requires the establishment of a valuation allowance to reflect the likelihood of realization of deferred tax assets. Realization of deferred tax assets, including those related to the U.S. net operating loss carry-forwards, are dependent upon future earnings, if any, of which the timing and amount are uncertain. |
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The Company adopted ASC Topic 740-10-05, Income Tax, which provides guidance for recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions, it prescribes a threshold condition that a tax position must meet for any of the benefits of the uncertain tax position to be recognized in the financial statements. It also provides accounting guidance on derecognizing, classification and disclosure of these uncertain tax positions. |
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The Company’s policy on classification of all interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax positions, if any, is to present them as a component of income tax expense. |
Value Added Tax | ' |
Value Added Tax |
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Both the PRC subsidiary and variable interest entity of the Company are subject to value added tax (“VAT”) imposed by the PRC government on its purchase and sales of goods. The output VAT is charged to customers who purchase goods from the Company and the input VAT is paid when it purchases goods from its vendors. VAT rate is 17% in general, depending on the types of products purchased and sold. The input VAT can be offset against the output VAT. Debit balance of VAT payable represents a credit against future collection of output VAT instead of a receivable. |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ' |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
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The Company presents comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income. ASC Topic 220 states that all items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of comprehensive income (loss) be reported in the consolidated financial statements. The components of comprehensive income were the net income for the years and the foreign currency translation adjustments. |
Earnings Per Share | ' |
Earnings Per Share |
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Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to the common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. |
Share-Based Compensation | ' |
Share-Based Compensation |
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The Company uses the fair value recognition provision of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires the Company to expense the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of such instruments over the vesting period. |
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The Company also applies the provisions of ASC Topic 505-50, Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees to account for stock-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services. Such awards for services are recorded at either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the instruments issued in exchange for such services, whichever is more reliably measurable. |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
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The Company has adopted ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. |
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Its establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy of valuation techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs, which may be used to measure fair value and include the following: |
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Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
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Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. |
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Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
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Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. |
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements |
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Long-lived assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis using mostly Level 3 inputs as defined in the fair value hierarchy. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. Assets that are written down to fair value when impaired and retained investments are not subsequently adjusted to fair value unless further impairment occurs. |
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Fair value of long-lived assets, including real estate, are determined by estimating the amount and timing of net future cash flows (which are unobservable inputs) and discounting them using a risk-adjusted rate of interest. The Company estimates future cash flows based on its experience and knowledge of the market. Significant increases or decreases in actual cash flows may result in valuation changes. For real estate, fair values are based on discounted cash flow estimates which reflect current and projected lease profiles and available industry information about capitalization rates and expected trends in rents and occupancy and are corroborated by external appraisals. |
Working Capital Deficit and Management's Plan | ' |
Working Capital Deficit and Management’s Plan. |
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As of December 31, 2013, the Company had current assets of $25,953,328 and current liabilities of $28,372,723 (including amounts due to related parties for $2,266,961), resulting in a working capital deficit of approximately $2,419,395. We are currently seeking to restructure the term of our liabilities by raising funds through long-term loans to pay off liabilities with shorter terms. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the necessary financing or negotiating the terms of the existing short-term liabilities to meet our current and future liquidity needs. As management believes it can secure financial resources to satisfy the Company’s current liabilities and the capital expenditure needs in the next 12 months, our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern. |
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On March 3, 2014 Orient Paper entered into a Revolving Line of Credit Agreement with Shanghai Pudong Development Bank for a total credit facility in the amount of approximately $3.3 million. Pursuant to the credit facility, the Company may draw six-month bank acceptance notes for up to approximately $3.3 million for making supplier payments. The facility has a term for the period of March 3, 2014 through January 12, 2015 and is collateralized by a land use right provided by Hebei Fangsheng Real Estate Development Co. Ltd., a related party controlled by our Chairman and CEO Mr. Zhenyong Liu. |
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On March 25, 2014, our Chairman and CEO Mr. Zhenyong Liu agrees in writing to permit the Company to continue to postpone the repayment of the accrued interest on his loan to Orient Paper HB until the Company is able to pay its other creditors in its normal course of business. The accrued interest owned to Mr. Liu was approximately $566,343 and was recorded as part of the current liabilities as of December 31, 2013. |
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On March 7, 2014, Hebei Tengsheng Paper Co. Ltd., which owns the land use rights of about 330 acres (or 1.33 million square meters) of land in the Wei County Industrial Park and leases about one-fourth of the premises to Orient Paper HB as our production base of tissue paper and other future facilities, agreed in writing to unconditionally provide the 330 acres of land use right as third party collateral to Orient Paper HB for additional bank loans in 2014. |