Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Organization, Basis of Presentation and Description of Business Legacy Reserves LP (“LRLP,” “Legacy” or the “Partnership”) and its affiliated entities are referred to as Legacy in these financial statements. LRLP, a Delaware limited partnership, was formed by its general partner, Legacy Reserves GP, LLC (“LRGPLLC”), on October 26, 2005 to own and operate oil and natural gas properties. LRGPLLC is a Delaware limited liability company formed on October 26, 2005, and it currently owns an approximately 0.03% general partner interest in LRLP. Significant information regarding rights of the unitholders includes the following: • Right to receive distributions of available cash within 45 days after the end of each quarter. • No limited partner shall have any management power over our business and affairs; the general partner shall conduct, direct and manage LRLP’s activities. • The general partner may be removed if such removal is approved by the unitholders holding at least 66 2/3 percent of the outstanding units, including units held by LRLP’s general partner and its affiliates. • Right to receive information reasonably required for tax reporting purposes within 90 days after the close of the calendar year. In the event of a liquidation, after making required payments to Legacy's preferred unitholders, all property and cash in excess of that required to discharge all liabilities will be distributed to the unitholders and LRLP’s general partner in proportion to their capital account balances, as adjusted to reflect any gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of Legacy’s assets in liquidation. Legacy owns and operates oil and natural gas producing properties located primarily in East Texas, the Permian Basin (West Texas and Southeast New Mexico), Rocky Mountain and Mid-Continent regions of the United States. Legacy has acquired oil and natural gas producing properties and drilled and undrilled leasehold. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting whereby revenues are recognized when earned, and expenses are recognized when incurred. (b) Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Legacy routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. Bad debts are recorded based on an account-by-account review. Accounts are written off after all means of collection have been exhausted and potential recovery is considered remote. Legacy does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers (see Note 10). (c) Oil and Natural Gas Properties Legacy accounts for oil and natural gas properties using the successful efforts method. Under this method of accounting, costs relating to the acquisition and development of proved areas are capitalized when incurred. The costs of development wells are capitalized whether productive or non-productive. Leasehold acquisition costs are capitalized when incurred. If proved reserves are found on an unproved property, leasehold cost is transferred to proved properties. Exploration dry holes are charged to expense when it is determined that no commercial reserves exist. Other exploration costs, including personnel costs, geological and geophysical expenses and delay rentals for oil and natural gas leases, are charged to expense when incurred. The costs of acquiring or constructing support equipment and facilities used in oil and gas producing activities are capitalized. Production costs are charged to expense as incurred and are those costs incurred to operate and maintain our wells and related equipment and facilities. Depreciation and depletion of producing oil and natural gas properties is recorded based on units of production. Acquisition costs of proved properties are amortized on the basis of all proved reserves, developed and undeveloped, and capitalized development costs (wells and related equipment and facilities) are amortized on the basis of proved developed reserves. As more fully described below, proved reserves are estimated annually by Legacy’s independent petroleum engineer, LaRoche Petroleum Consultants, Ltd. ("LaRoche"), and are subject to future revisions based on availability of additional information. Legacy’s in-house reservoir engineers prepare an updated estimate of reserves each quarter. Depletion is calculated each quarter based upon the latest estimated reserves data available. As discussed in Note 11, asset retirement costs are recognized when the asset is placed in service, and are amortized over proved developed reserves using the units of production method. Asset retirement costs are estimated by Legacy’s engineers using existing regulatory requirements and anticipated future inflation rates. Upon sale or retirement of complete fields of depreciable or depletable property, the book value thereof, less proceeds from sale or salvage value, is charged to income. On sale or retirement of an individual well the proceeds are credited to accumulated depletion and depreciation. Oil and natural gas properties are reviewed for impairment when facts and circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Legacy compares net capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows using management’s expectations of future oil and natural gas prices. These future price scenarios reflect Legacy’s estimation of future price volatility. If net capitalized costs exceed estimated undiscounted future net cash flows, the measurement of impairment is based on estimated fair value, using estimated discounted future net cash flows. Significant inputs used to determine the fair values of proved properties include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future operating and development costs; (iii) future commodity prices and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in Legacy's estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that Legacy's management believes will impact realizable prices. For the year ended December 31, 2015 , Legacy recognized $633.8 million of impairment expense, $598.1 million of of which was in 218 separate producing fields, due to the significant decline in commodity prices during the year ended December 31, 2015 , which decreased the expected future cash flows below the carrying value of the assets. The remainder of the impairment related primarily to unproven properties. For the year ended December 31, 2014 , Legacy recognized $448.7 million of impairment expense, $413.3 million of which was in 250 separate producing fields, due to the significant decline in commodity prices during the year ended December 31, 2014 , which decreased the expected future cash flows below the carrying value of the assets. As Legacy has historically grown through the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties, most of which were acquired during higher commodity price environments, the sharp decline in oil and natural gas prices during the latter portion of 2014 resulted in a corresponding decrease in the expected future cash flows of such assets from the date of their acquisition as compared to December 31, 2014. As evidenced above, this decrease was not limited to any one field or area of operation, as it impacted the value of assets across Legacy's portfolio. The remainder of the impairment related primarily to unproven properties. For the year ended December 31, 2013 , Legacy recognized $78.0 million of impairment expense on 98 separate producing fields, due primarily to the decrease in commodity prices primarily related to natural gas differentials during the year ended December 31, 2013 , combined with higher lifting costs, which decreased the expected future cash flows below the carrying value of the assets. Unproven properties that are individually significant are assessed for impairment and if considered impaired are charged to expense when such impairment is deemed to have occurred. During the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , Legacy recognized $35.7 million , $35.0 million and $7.8 million of impairment of unproven properties, respectively. (d) Oil, NGLs and Natural Gas Reserve Quantities Legacy’s estimates of proved reserves are based on the quantities of oil, NGLs and natural gas that engineering and geological analyses demonstrate, with reasonable certainty, to be recoverable from established reservoirs in the future under current operating and economic parameters. LaRoche prepares a reserve and economic evaluation of all Legacy’s properties on a case-by-case basis utilizing information provided to it by Legacy and information available from state agencies that collect information reported to it by the operators of Legacy’s properties. The estimates of Legacy’s proved reserves have been prepared and presented in accordance with SEC rules and accounting standards. Reserves and their relation to estimated future net cash flows impact Legacy’s depletion and impairment calculations. As a result, adjustments to depletion and impairment are made concurrently with changes to reserve estimates. Legacy prepares its reserve estimates, and the projected cash flows derived from these reserve estimates, in accordance with SEC guidelines. The independent engineering firm described above adheres to the same guidelines when preparing the reserve report. The accuracy of Legacy’s reserve estimates is a function of many factors including the quality and quantity of available data, the interpretation of that data, the accuracy of various mandated economic assumptions, and the judgments of the individuals preparing the estimates. Legacy’s proved reserve estimates are a function of many assumptions, all of which could deviate significantly from actual results. As such, reserve estimates may materially vary from the ultimate quantities of oil, NGLs and natural gas eventually recovered. (e) Income Taxes Legacy is structured as a limited partnership, which is a pass-through entity for United States income tax purposes. The State of Texas has a margin-based franchise tax law that is commonly referred to as the Texas margin tax and is assessed at a 1% rate. Corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, limited liability partnerships and joint ventures are examples of the types of entities that are subject to the tax. The tax is considered an income tax and is determined by applying a tax rate to a base that considers both revenues and expenses. Legacy recorded income tax (expense) benefit of $1.5 million , $0.9 million and $(0.6) million for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively, which consists primarily of the Texas margin tax and federal income tax on a corporate subsidiary which employs full and part-time personnel providing services to the Partnership. The Partnership’s total effective tax rate differs from statutory rates for federal and state purposes primarily due to being structured as a limited partnership, which is a pass-through entity for federal income tax purposes. Net income for financial statement purposes may differ significantly from taxable income reportable to unitholders as a result of differences between the tax bases and financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities and the taxable income allocation requirements under the partnership agreement. In addition, individual unitholders have different investment bases depending upon the timing and price of acquisition of their common units, and each unitholder’s tax accounting, which is partially dependent upon the unitholder’s tax position, differs from the accounting followed in the consolidated financial statements. As a result, the aggregate difference in the basis of net assets for financial and tax reporting purposes cannot be readily determined as the Partnership does not have access to information about each unitholder’s tax attributes in the Partnership. However, with respect to the Partnership, the Partnership’s book basis in its net assets exceeds the Partnership’s net tax basis by $1.4 billion at December 31, 2015 . (f) Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Legacy uses derivative financial instruments to achieve more predictable cash flows by reducing its exposure to oil and natural gas price fluctuations and interest rate changes. Legacy does not specifically designate derivative instruments as cash flow hedges, even though they reduce its exposure to changes in oil and natural gas prices and interest rates. Therefore, Legacy records the change in the fair market values of oil and natural gas derivatives in current earnings. Changes in the fair values of interest rate derivatives are recorded in interest expense (see Notes 8 and 9). (g) Use of Estimates Management of Legacy has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Estimates which are particularly significant to the consolidated financial statements include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves, valuation of derivatives, impairment of oil and natural gas properties, depreciation, depletion and amortization, asset retirement obligations and accrued revenues. (h) Revenue Recognition Sales of crude oil, NGLs and natural gas are recognized when the delivery to the purchaser has occurred and title has been transferred. This occurs when oil or natural gas has been delivered to a pipeline or a tank lifting has occurred. Crude oil is priced on the delivery date based upon prevailing prices published by purchasers with certain adjustments related to oil quality and physical location. Virtually all of Legacy’s natural gas contracts’ pricing provisions are tied to a market index, with certain adjustments based on, among other factors, whether a well delivers to a gathering or transmission line, quality of natural gas, and prevailing supply and demand conditions, so that the price of the natural gas fluctuates to remain competitive with other available natural gas supplies. These market indices are determined on a monthly basis. As a result, Legacy’s revenues from the sale of oil and natural gas will suffer if market prices decline and benefit if they increase. Legacy believes that the pricing provisions of its oil and natural gas contracts are customary in the industry. To the extent actual volumes and prices of oil and natural gas are unavailable for a given reporting period because of timing or information not received from third parties, the expected sales volumes and prices for those properties are estimated and recorded as “Accounts receivable - oil and natural gas” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Legacy uses the “net-back” method of accounting for transportation arrangements of its natural gas sales. Legacy sells natural gas at the wellhead and collects a price and recognizes revenues based on the wellhead sales price since transportation costs downstream of the wellhead are incurred by its purchasers and reflected in the wellhead price. Legacy’s contracts with respect to the sale of its natural gas produced, with one immaterial exception, provide Legacy with a net price payment. That is, when Legacy is paid for its natural gas by its purchasers, Legacy receives a price which is net of any costs incurred for treating, transportation, compression, etc. In accordance with the terms of Legacy’s contracts, the payment statements Legacy receives from its purchasers show a single net price without any detail as to treating, transportation, compression, etc. Thus, Legacy’s revenues are recorded at this single net price. Natural gas imbalances occur when Legacy sells more or less than its entitled ownership percentage of total natural gas production. Any amount received in excess of its share is treated as a liability. If Legacy receives less than its entitled share, the underproduction is recorded as a receivable. Legacy did not have any significant natural gas imbalance positions as of December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 . Legacy is paid a monthly operating fee for each well it operates for outside owners proportionate to each owner's working interest. The fee covers monthly general and administrative costs. As the operating fee is a reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of third parties, the fee has been netted against general and administrative expense. (i) Investments Undivided interests in oil and natural gas properties owned through joint ventures are consolidated on a proportionate basis. Investments in entities where Legacy exercises significant influence, but not a controlling interest, are accounted for by the equity method. Under the equity method, Legacy’s investments are stated at cost plus the equity in undistributed earnings and losses after acquisition. (j) Intangible assets Legacy has capitalized certain operating rights acquired in the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties. The operating rights, which have no residual value, are amortized over their estimated economic life of approximately 15 years beginning July 1, 2006. Amortization expense is included as an element of depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense. Impairment is assessed on a quarterly basis or when there is a material change in the remaining useful life. The expected amortization expenses for 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are $417,000 , $396,000 , $358,000 , $349,000 and $322,000 , respectively. (k) Environmental Legacy is subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. These laws, which are frequently changing, regulate the discharge of materials into the environment and may require Legacy to remove or mitigate the environmental effects of the disposal or release of petroleum or chemical substances at various sites. Environmental expenditures are expensed or capitalized depending on their future economic benefit. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and that have no future economic benefits are expensed. Liabilities for expenditures of a non-capital nature are recorded when environmental assessment and/or remediation are probable, and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Such liabilities are generally undiscounted unless the timing of cash payments is fixed and readily determinable. (l) Income (Loss) Per Unit Basic income (loss) per unit amounts are calculated after deducting distributions paid to Legacy's Preferred Units using the weighted average number of units outstanding during each period. Diluted income (loss) per unit also give effect to dilutive unvested restricted units (calculated based upon the treasury stock method) (see Note 12). (m) Redemption of Units Units redeemed are recorded at cost. (n) Segment Reporting Legacy’s management initially treats each new acquisition of oil and natural gas properties as a separate operating segment. Legacy aggregates these operating segments into a single segment for reporting purposes. (o) Unit-Based Compensation Concurrent with its formation on March 15, 2006, a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) for Legacy was created. Due to Legacy’s history of cash settlements for option exercises and certain phantom unit awards, Legacy accounts for these awards under the liability method, which requires the Partnership to recognize the fair value of each unit option at the end of each period. Expense or benefit is recognized as the fair value of the liability changes from period to period. Legacy accounts for executive phantom unit and restricted unit awards under the equity method. Legacy’s issued units, as reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015 , do not include 550,447 units related to unvested restricted unit awards. (p) Accrued Oil and Natural Gas Liabilities Below are the components of accrued oil and natural gas liabilities as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 . December 31, 2015 2014 (In thousands) Revenue payable to joint interest owners $ 15,253 $ 19,267 Accrued lease operating expense 19,007 21,177 Accrued capital expenditures 2,881 20,773 Accrued ad valorem tax 8,723 9,382 Other 4,709 8,016 $ 50,573 $ 78,615 |