Significant Accounting Policies | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The consolidated financial statements are prepared according to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), applied on a consistent basis, as follows: a. Use of Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company’s management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company’s management evaluates estimates, including those related to accounts receivable and sales allowances, fair values of stock-based awards, deferred taxes and income tax uncertainties, and contingent liabilities. Such estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. b. Financial Statements in U.S. Dollars: Most of the Company's revenues and costs are denominated in United States dollars (“dollars”). Some of the subsidiaries’ revenues and costs are primarily incurred in Euros, the Pound Sterling, Canadian dollars, Australian dollars and New Israeli Shekels ("NIS"); however, the Company’s management believes that the dollar is the primary currency of the economic environment in which it and each of its subsidiaries operate. Thus, the dollar is the Company’s functional and reporting currency. Accordingly, transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured to the functional currency in accordance with ASC No. 830, “Foreign Currency Matters” at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction or the average exchange rate in the quarter. At the end of each reporting period, financial assets and liabilities are remeasured to the functional currency using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-financial assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains and losses related to remeasurement are recorded as financial income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations as appropriate. c. Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VSI and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. d. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Short-Term Investments: The Company accounts for investments in marketable securities in accordance with ASC No. 320, “Investments—Debt and Equity Securities” and ASC No. 326, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses”. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, highly liquid investments in money market funds and various deposit accounts. The Company considers all high quality investments purchased with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than three but less than twelve months to be short-term deposits. Cash equivalents, marketable securities and short-term deposits are classified as available for sale and are, therefore, recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet, with any unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, until realized. The Company uses the specific identification method to compute gains and losses on the investments. The amortized cost of securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion is included as a component of financial income (expenses), net in the consolidated statement of operations. Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and short-term deposits consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2020 Amortized Gross Gross Fair Cash and cash equivalents Money market funds $ 10,712 $ — $ — $ 10,712 Total $ 10,712 $ — $ — $ 10,712 Marketable securities US Treasury securities $ 34,113 $ 4 *) $ 34,117 Total $ 34,113 $ 4 *) $ 34,117 Short-term deposits Term bank deposits $ 30,053 $ — $ — $ 30,053 Total $ 30,053 $ — $ — $ 30,053 *) Represents an amount lower than $1. As of December 31, 2019 Amortized Gross Gross Fair Cash and cash equivalents Money market funds $ 4,789 $ — $ — $ 4,789 Total $ 4,789 $ — $ — $ 4,789 Marketable securities US Treasury securities $ 41,510 $ 23 $ (2) $ 41,531 Total $ 41,510 $ 23 $ (2) $ 41,531 Short-term deposits Term bank deposits $ 10,000 $ — $ — $ 10,000 Total $ 10,000 $ — $ — $ 10,000 All the US Treasury securities in marketable securities have a stated effective maturity of less than 12 months as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. The gross unrealized gains and losses related to these short-term investments was due primarily to changes in interest rates. Available for sale debt securities with an amortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value are assessed using the Current Expected Credit losses ("CECL") model to determine what portion of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses. Expected credit losses on available for sale debt securities are recognized in financial income (expenses), net on the consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not recognize an allowance for credit losses on available for sale marketable securities as any expected credit losses are not material to the consolidated financial statements. A short-term bank deposit is a deposit with a maturity of more than three months but less than one year. Deposits in U.S. dollars bore interest at rates ranging from 0.10% - 0.16%, per annum, as of December 31, 2020 and a rate of 1.71%, per annum, as of December 31, 2019. Short-term deposits are presented at cost which approximates market value due to their short maturities. e. Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates: % Computer equipment 33% Office furniture and equipment 14% — 15% Leasehold improvements Over the shorter of the expected lease f. Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets, including Acquired Intangible Assets and Right-of-Use-Asset: Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of purchase consideration in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill amounts are not amortized, but rather tested for impairment at least annually or more often if circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. No indications of impairment of goodwill were noted during the periods presented. Acquired intangible assets consist of identifiable intangible assets, including developed technology and trademarks, resulting from business combinations. Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are initially recorded at fair value and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense of developed technology and trademarks are recorded within cost of revenues and sales and marketing, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC No. 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets (or asset group) to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company updated its accounting estimates and recognized an impairment of $3,149 related to the carrying value of certain right-of-use assets as, due to COVID-19, the Company reduced and expects to reduce the use of certain leases as employees work remotely. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, no impairment losses have been recorded. g. Long-Term Lease Deposits: Long-term lease deposits include long-term deposits for offices. h. Revenue Recognition: The Company generates revenues in the form of software license fees and related maintenance and services fees. Subscription revenues are comprised of time-based licenses whereby customers use the Company's software with related maintenance (including support and unspecified upgrades and enhancements when and if they are available) for a specified period. Subscriptions are sold on premises and are recognized from sales of subscription licenses to new and existing customers. When products are purchased as a subscription, the associated maintenance is included as part of the subscription revenues. Perpetual licenses have the same functionality as subscriptions and perpetual license revenues consist of the revenues recognized from sales of perpetual licenses to new and existing customers. Maintenance and services primarily consist of fees for maintenance services of perpetual license sales (including support and unspecified upgrades and enhancements when and if they are available) and to a lesser extent professional services which focus on both operationalizing the software and training the Company’s customers to fully leverage the use of its products although the user can benefit from the software without the Company's assistance. The Company sells its products worldwide directly to a network of distributors and VARs, and payment is typically due within 30 to 60 calendar days of the invoice date. The Company recognizes revenues in accordance with ASC No. 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. As such, the Company identifies a contract with a customer, identifies the performance obligations in the contract, determines the transaction price, allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract and recognizes revenues when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Subscription software and perpetual license revenues are recognized at the point of time when the software license has been delivered and the benefit of the asset has transferred. Maintenance associated with subscription licenses is recognized ratably over the term of the agreement and is included as part of the subscription revenues line item. The Company recognizes revenues from maintenance of perpetual license sales ratably over the term of the underlying maintenance contract. The term of the maintenance contract is usually one year. Renewals of maintenance contracts create new performance obligations that are satisfied over the new term with the revenues recognized ratably over the period. Revenues from professional services consist mostly of time and material services. The performance obligations are satisfied, and revenues are recognized, when the services are provided or once the service term has expired. The Company enters into contracts that can include combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. The license is distinct upon delivery as the customer can derive the economic benefit of the software without any professional services, updates or technical support. The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price out of the total consideration of the contract. For maintenance, the Company determines the standalone selling prices based on the price at which the Company separately sells a renewal contract. For professional services, the Company determines the standalone selling prices based on the price at which the Company separately sells those services. For software licenses, the Company uses the residual approach to determine the standalone selling prices due to the lack of history of selling software license on a standalone basis and the highly variable sales price. Trade and other receivables are primarily comprised of trade receivables that are recorded at the invoice amount mostly for a one year period, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Deferred revenues represent mostly unrecognized fees billed or collected for maintenance and professional services. Deferred revenues are recognized as (or when) the Company performs under the contract. Pursuant to these contracts, customers are not invoiced for subsequent years until the annual renewal occurs. The amount of revenues recognized in the period that was included in the opening deferred revenues balance was $96,535 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company does not grant a right of return to its customers, except for one of its resellers. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, there were no returns from this reseller. For information regarding disaggregated revenues, please refer to Note 14. i. Contract Costs: The Company pays sales commissions to sales and marketing and certain management personnel based on their attainment of certain predetermined sales goals. Sales commissions earned by its employees are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions paid for initial contracts, which are not commensurate with sales commissions paid for renewal contracts, are capitalized and amortized over an expected period of benefit. Based on its technology, customer contracts and other factors, the Company has determined the expected period of benefit to be approximately four years. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are capitalized and then amortized on a straight-line basis. Amortization expenses related to these costs are mostly included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. j. Cost of Revenues: Cost of revenues consists of the cost of maintenance and services, resulting from costs associated with support, customer success and professional services. k. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation: The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC No. 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” ASC No. 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an Option-Pricing Model. The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of its equity awards granted based on the straight-line method over the requisite service period of each of the awards. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company elected to change its accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. The non-cash compensation expenses related to employees and consultants for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $68,585, $46,139 and $34,961, respectively. l. Business Combinations: The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, allocation of the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the Company makes estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. The Company's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill if new information is obtained related to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. After the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition costs, such as legal and consulting fees, are expensed as incurred. m. Research and Development Costs: Research and development costs are charged to the statement of operations as incurred. ASC No. 985-20, “Software-Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed,” requires capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility. Based on the Company’s product development process, technological feasibility is established upon the completion of a working model. The Company does not incur material costs between the completion of the working model and the point at which the product is ready for general release. Therefore, research and development costs are charged to the statement of operations as incurred. n. Income Taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC No. 740, using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liability account balances are determined based on the differences between financial reporting and the tax basis for assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely-than-not to be realized. ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring a liability for uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax provisions in its taxes on income. o. Derivative Instruments: The Company’s primary objective for holding derivative instruments is to reduce its exposure to foreign currency rate changes. The Company reduces its exposure by entering into forward foreign exchange contracts with respect to operating expenses that are forecasted to be incurred in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The majority of the Company’s revenues and operating expenditures are transacted in U.S. dollars. However, certain operating expenditures are incurred in or exposed to other currencies, primarily the NIS. The Company has established forecasted transaction currency risk management programs to protect against fluctuations in fair value and the volatility of future cash flows caused by changes in exchange rates. The Company’s currency risk management program includes forward foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges. These forward foreign exchange contracts generally mature within 12 months. In addition, the Company enters into forward contracts to hedge a portion of its monetary items in the balance sheet, such as trade receivables and payables, denominated in Pound Sterling and Euro for short-term periods (the “Fair Value Hedging Program”). The purpose of the Fair Value Hedging Program is to protect the fair value of the monetary assets from foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Gains and losses from derivatives related to the Fair Value Hedging Program are not designated as hedging instruments. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Derivative instruments measured at fair value and their classification on the consolidated balance sheets are presented in the following table (in thousands): Assets as of Assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Notional Fair Notional Fair Foreign exchange forward contract derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and accrued expenses and other short-term liabilities $ 90,452 $ 3,315 $ 84,968 $ (470) Foreign exchange forward contract derivatives for monetary items included in prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 33,977 $ 17 $ 26,995 $ 5 For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the consolidated statements of operations reflect a gain of $257 and $352, respectively, related to the effective portion of foreign currency forward contracts. For the years ended December 31, 2020, the realized gains from these derivatives were $6,052. The cash flows associated with these derivatives are reflected as cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Effective with our January 1, 2019 adoption of ASU No. 2017-12, ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges is no longer recognized in financial income (expenses), net in the consolidated statement of operations. No material ineffective hedges were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 in operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the consolidated statements of operations reflect a loss of $1,144 and a gain of $683, respectively, in financial income (expenses), net, related to the Fair Value Hedging Program. p. Concentrations of Credit Risks: Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, short-term deposits and trade receivables. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and short-term deposits are invested in major banks mainly in the United States but also in Israel, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg and Australia. Such deposits in the United States may be in excess of insured limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with diverse financial institutions and monitors the amount of credit exposure to each financial institution. The Company’s trade receivables are geographically diversified and derived primarily from sales to a network of distributors and VARs mainly in the United States and Europe. Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited by credit limits, ongoing credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its channel partners and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices. The Company writes off receivables when they are deemed uncollectible and having exhausted all collection efforts. q. Retirement and Severance Pay: VSI and Varonis U.S. Public Sector LLC ("VPS") make available to its employees a retirement plan (the “U.S. Plan”) that qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Participants in the U.S. Plan may elect to defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings, up to the Internal Revenue Service annual contribution limit. VSI and VPS match 100% of each participant’s contributions up to a maximum of 3% of the participant’s total pay and 50% of each participant’s contributions on contributions between 3% and 5% of the participant’s total pay. Each participant may contribute up to 80% of total remuneration up to the Internal Revenue Service’s annual contribution limit. Contributions to the U.S. Plan are recorded during the year contributed as an expense in the consolidated statements of income. Varonis Systems Ltd ("VSL") makes available to its employees, pursuant to Israel’s Severance Pay Law, severance pay equal to one month’s salary for each year of employment, or a portion thereof. The employees of the Israeli subsidiary elected to be included under section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, 1963 (“section 14”). According to this section, these employees are entitled only to monthly deposits, at a rate of 8.33% of their monthly salary, made in their name with insurance companies. Payments in accordance with section 14 release the Company from any future severance payments (under the above Israeli Severance Pay Law) in respect of those employees; therefore, related assets and liabilities are not presented in the balance sheet. The Company’s liability for severance pay for the employees of its French subsidiary is calculated pursuant to French law, according to which French employees are entitled to an indemnity (a statutory redundancy). The law provides for the payment of severance payment to any employee working for the French subsidiary for at least a year. Varonis (UK) Limited ("VSUK") makes available to certain eligible employees a pension plan whereby participants in the plan may elect to defer a portion of their earnings. VSUK matches 100% of each participant’s contributions up to a maximum of 3% of the participant’s eligible wages. Varonis Systems (Ireland) Limited makes available to its employees a pension plan matching 100% of each participant’s elected deferred earnings contributions up to a maximum of 3% and 50% of the participant's contributions on contributions between 3% and 5% of the participant’s eligible wages. Varonis Systems (Netherlands) B.V. makes available to all its employees a pension plan whereby the Company contributes 7.7% of the participant’s eligible wages. Varonis Systems (Australia) Pty Ltd contributes 9.5% of eligible wages to employee retirement plans. Total expenses related to retirement and severance pay amounted to $7,169, $6,390 and $6,765 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The amount of severance payable included in other liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 is $2,727 and $2,554, respectively. r. Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value: • Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. • Level 2: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company's own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available. The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade receivables, short-term deposits and trade payables approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. s. Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share: Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities, including stock options, restricted stock unit and the impact of the conversion spread of the 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes issued by the Company on May 11, 2020 and due August 2025 in an aggregate principal amount of $253,000 (the "2025 Notes"), to the extent dilutive. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. There were 3,148,442 and 3,033,718 potentially dilutive shares from the conversion of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units that were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Additionally, 2,746,418 shares underlying the conversion option of the 2025 Notes are not considered in the calculation of diluted net income per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. The Company intends to settle the principal amount of the 2025 Notes in cash and therefore will use the treasury stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect on diluted net income per share, if applicable. The conversion will have a dilutive impact on diluted net income per share when the average market price of a common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $92.12 per share. t. Contingent Liabilities: The Company accounts for its contingent liabilities in accordance with ASC No. 450 “Contingencies”. A provision is recorded when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. With respect to legal matters, provisions are reviewed and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, estimated settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was not a party to any litigation that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. u. Basis of Presentation: Certain amounts in prior years' financial statements have been recast and reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. v. Revolving Credit Facility: On August 21, 2020, the Company entered into a credit and security agreement with KeyBank National Association and other parties thereto ( the "Credit and Security Agreement"), for a three-year secured revolving credit facility of $70,000, with a letter of credit sublimit of $15,000 and an accordion feature under which the Company can increase the credit facility to up to $90,000 (the "Credit Facility"). Borrowings and repayments under the Credit Facility may occur from time to time in the Company’s ordinary course of business through the maturity date, which is the earlier of August 21, 2023 or 90 days prior to the scheduled maturity of any Convertible Debt Securities (including the 2025 Notes), at which time any amounts outstanding are to be paid in full. The fees incurred in connection with entering into the Credit and Security Agreement were recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the arrangement. Ongoing fees and interest paid on the used and unused portions of the Credit Facility are expensed as incurred and included within financial income (expenses), net on the consolidated statement of operations. The Credit Facility is secured by a first priority perfected security interest in substantially all tangible and intangible assets (excluding real property and other customary exceptions) of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries and a first priority perfected lien on the capital stock of domestic entities within the Company, and 65% of the voting capital stock of the foreign subsidiaries of the Company. The Credit and Security Agreement contains customary covenants, including a requirement of quarterly minimum recurring revenues and a minimum available liquidity of at least $25,000 at all times, and customary events |