Fair Value Measurements | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | ' |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
Fair value measurements and disclosures require the use of valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market corroborated inputs. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own assumptions about how market participants price the asset or liability. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectation about those future amounts. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following tables set forth our financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2012 and September 30, 2013 that we measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurement. |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012 Using Fair Value Hierarchy |
| Fair Value as of December 31, 2012 | | Quoted Prices | | Significant | | Significant | | Valuation |
In Active | Other | Unobservable | Technique |
Markets for | Observable | Inputs | |
Identical | Inputs | (Level 3) | |
Assets | (Level 2) | | |
(Level 1) | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 618,217 | | | $ | 618,217 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | Market |
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 111,942 | | | 111,942 | | | — | | | — | | | Market |
|
Debt investments | 40,388 | | | — | | | — | | | 40,388 | | | Income |
|
Total | $ | 770,547 | | | $ | 730,159 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 40,388 | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 61,978 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 61,978 | | | $ | — | | | Income |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2013 Using Fair Value Hierarchy |
| Fair Value as of September 30, 2013 | | Quoted Prices | | Significant | | Significant | | Valuation |
In Active | Other | Unobservable | Technique |
Markets for | Observable | Inputs | |
Identical | Inputs | (Level 3) | |
Assets | (Level 2) | | |
(Level 1) | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 238,150 | | | $ | 238,150 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | Market |
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 191,843 | | | 191,843 | | | — | | | — | | | Market |
|
Total | $ | 429,993 | | | $ | 429,993 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 44,307 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 44,307 | | | $ | — | | | Income |
|
|
Our cash and cash equivalents, along with our restricted cash and cash equivalents balances, consist largely of money market securities that are considered to be highly liquid and easily tradable. These securities are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical securities and are therefore classified as Level 1 within our fair value hierarchy. Our interest rate derivatives included in Level 2 consist of United States dollar-denominated interest rate derivatives, and their fair values are determined by applying standard modeling techniques under the income approach to relevant market interest rates (cash rates, futures rates, swap rates) in effect at the period close to determine appropriate reset and discount rates and incorporates an assessment of the risk of non-performance by the interest rate derivative counterparty in valuing derivative assets and an evaluation of the Company’s credit risk in valuing derivative liabilities. |
The following tables reflect the activity for the classes of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2013, respectively: |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | |
| Debt Investments | | |
| Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | |
| 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 40,388 | | | |
| |
Total gains/(losses), net: | | | | | | | | | |
Included in other revenue | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,613 | | | |
| |
Settlements | — | | | — | | | — | | | (42,001 | ) | | |
| |
Balance at end of period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | |
| |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liabilities | | |
| Derivative Liabilities | | |
| Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | |
| 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (56,229 | ) | | $ | — | | | |
| |
Total gains/(losses), net: | | | | | | | | | |
Included in other income (expense) | — | | | — | | | 599 | | | — | | | |
| |
Included in interest expense | — | | | — | | | 73 | | | — | | | |
| |
Included in other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | 4,800 | | | — | | | |
| |
Settlements | — | | | — | | | 50,757 | | | — | | | |
| |
Balance at end of period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | |
| |
|
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, we had no transfers into or out of Level 3; however we did terminate all Level 3 interest rate derivatives during the second quarter of 2012. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, we had no transfers into or out of Level 3; however we did settle the debt investment during the first quarter of 2013. |
We measure the fair value of certain assets and liabilities on a non-recurring basis, when US GAAP requires the application of fair value, including events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable. Assets subject to these measurements include aircraft. We record aircraft at fair value when we determine the carrying value may not be recoverable. Fair value measurements for aircraft impaired are based on an income approach that uses Level 3 inputs, which include our assumptions and appraisal data as to future cash proceeds from leasing and selling aircraft. |
Aircraft Valuation |
We perform our annual fleet-wide recoverability assessment during the third quarter of each year. This recoverability assessment, as more fully described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, is a comparison of the carrying value of each aircraft to its undiscounted expected future cash flows. We develop the assumptions used in the recoverability assessment, including those relating to current and future demand for each aircraft type, based on management's experience in the aircraft leasing industry as well as information received from third party sources. Estimates of the undiscounted cash flows for each aircraft type are impacted by changes in contracted and future expected lease rates, residual values, expected scrap values, economic conditions and other factors. |
Following completion of the recoverability analysis during the third quarter of 2013, we determined the cash flows expected to be generated by several of our aircraft did not support carrying values. As a result, as noted below, we impaired seven aircraft with an aggregate net book value as of June 30, 2013 that was $318,854, writing down their book values by a total of $97,592. For some of these aircraft we also shortened the expected lives and/or reduced the residual values. More specifically, we wrote down the values on: |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Six Boeing Model 747-400 converted freighter aircraft manufactured between 1990 and 1994 and recorded impairment charges total $88,647; and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | One Boeing Model 737-700 aircraft manufactured in 1999 and recorded an impairment charge of $8,945. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
During the third quarter of 2013, we elected not to invest in engine performance restoration maintenance visits for one Boeing Model 767-300ER aircraft and instead agreed with the lessee to terminate the lease prior to scheduled expiry and pursue a part-out sale. We recorded impairment charges of $8,544 and we recorded maintenance revenue of $12,056 and other revenue of $875 from an early termination payment for the three months ended September 30, 2013, for this aircraft. |
|
In addition, for two McDonnell Douglas MD-11F freighter aircraft manufactured in 1997 that passed the recoverability assessment, we shortened the expected lives from 35 years to 25 years from production date. |
For changes we made to our aircraft, our total depreciation expense will decrease by approximately $900 in the fourth quarter of 2013, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2013. We estimate a decrease in depreciation expense for changes we made to our aircraft for the year ended December 31, 2014 of approximately $4,600. |
In this year's assessment, we lowered our assumptions for the freighter aircraft noted above to reflect the cumulative effect of increasing supply in the wake of stagnating demand over the past three years. More specifically, higher production levels for new, large freighter aircraft together with increased belly freight capacity from the latest generation of wide-body passenger aircraft have resulted in a glut of large freighter aircraft. At the same time, air freight demand has not increased due to modest economic growth rates in certain key economies and structural changes in the freight market (e.g., the evolution of smaller, smarter and lighter electronic devices and modal shifts). The combined effect of these developments has depressed lease rates and driven more converted freighter aircraft into storage, particularly over the past year. |
|
In addition to the changes noted above, we reduced projected rental levels for Boeing Model 737-700 aircraft to reflect lower demand for this smaller variant of the Boeing 737 "New Generation" family, as lower fare airline business models drive demand for shorter-haul operations to larger models having similar trip costs. |
|
Other than the aircraft discussed above, management believes that the net book value of each aircraft is currently supported by the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that aircraft, and accordingly, no other aircraft were impaired as a consequence of this recoverability assessment. However, our lessees may face financial difficulties and return aircraft to us prior to the contractual lease expiry dates which may change our cash flow assumptions and require future impairment charges. While we believe that the estimates and related assumptions used in the recoverability assessment are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates. |
|
During the first quarter of 2013, we impaired two aircraft, one Airbus A319-100 aircraft and one Boeing 767-300ER aircraft, each of which was returned to us early by the respective lessee. The decision was made to sell these aircraft and the net book value of each was written down to the expected sale price. For these two aircraft, we recorded impairment charges totaling $6,199 and recorded maintenance revenue of $9,019 and other revenue of $876 during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. |
|
During the third quarter of 2012, following our recoverability assessment of the aircraft in our fleet at that time, we impaired four Boeing Model 767-300ER aircraft, eight Boeing 737 “Classic” aircraft, and one Airbus Model A310-300F freighter aircraft and recorded aggregate impairment charges of $67,370 to write these aircraft down to current market values. Also during the third quarter of 2012, we elected not to invest in engine performance restoration maintenance visits for two Airbus Model A320-200 “Classic” aircraft with older technology engines and instead agreed with the lessee to terminate the leases prior to scheduled expiry and pursue part-out sales. Following agreement with our customer to terminate the leases, these aircraft failed the recoverability assessment and we recorded impairment charges of $11,306 and we recorded $10,159 of maintenance revenue and reversed $1,157 of lease incentives for the three months ended September 30, 2012, for these two aircraft. |
During the second quarter of 2012, we impaired two aircraft, one Boeing Model 757-200 aircraft that we sold for less than its net book value and one Boeing Model 767-300ER aircraft which was returned to us following its scheduled lease expiration and which failed its recoverability assessment. For these two aircraft, we recorded impairment charges of $10,111, and we recorded $2,447 of maintenance revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2012. |
|
Financial Instruments |
Our financial instruments, other than cash, consist principally of cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, amounts borrowed under financings and interest rate derivatives. The fair value of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates the carrying value of these financial instruments because of their short-term nature. |
The fair values of our securitizations which contain third party credit enhancements are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, based on our current incremental borrowing rates of borrowing arrangements that do not contain third party credit enhancements. The fair values of our ECA term financings and bank financings are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The fair value of our Senior Notes is estimated using quoted market prices. |
The carrying amounts and fair values of our financial instruments at December 31, 2012 and September 30, 2013 are as follows: |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 | | September 30, 2013 | | |
| Carrying Amount | | Fair Value | | Carrying Amount | | Fair Value | | |
of Asset | of Asset | of Asset | of Asset | | |
(Liability) | (Liability) | (Liability) | (Liability) | | |
Securitizations and term debt financings | $ | (1,082,368 | ) | | $ | (962,960 | ) | | $ | (892,272 | ) | | $ | (831,391 | ) | | |
ECA term financings | (652,916 | ) | | (671,966 | ) | | (504,419 | ) | | (522,478 | ) | | |
Bank financings | (112,750 | ) | | (116,272 | ) | | (184,427 | ) | | (189,094 | ) | | |
Senior Notes | (1,750,642 | ) | | (1,905,565 | ) | | (1,750,556 | ) | | (1,899,575 | ) | | |
All of our financial instruments are classified as Level 2 with the exception of our Senior Notes, which are classified as Level 1. |