Fair Value Measurements | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | ' |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
Fair value measurements and disclosures require the use of valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market corroborated inputs. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own assumptions about how market participants price the asset or liability. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectation about those future amounts. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
• | The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following tables set forth our financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014 that we measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurement. |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 Using Fair Value Hierarchy |
| Fair Value as of December 31, 2013 | | Quoted Prices | | Significant | | Significant | | Valuation |
In Active | Other | Unobservable | Technique |
Markets for | Observable | Inputs | |
Identical | Inputs | (Level 3) | |
Assets | (Level 2) | | |
(Level 1) | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 654,613 | | | $ | 654,613 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | Market |
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 122,773 | | | 122,773 | | | — | | | — | | | Market |
|
Total | $ | 777,386 | | | $ | 777,386 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 39,992 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 39,992 | | | $ | — | | | Income |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2014 Using Fair Value Hierarchy |
| Fair Value as of September 30, 2014 | | Quoted Prices | | Significant | | Significant | | Valuation |
In Active | Other | Unobservable | Technique |
Markets for | Observable | Inputs | |
Identical | Inputs | (Level 3) | |
Assets | (Level 2) | | |
(Level 1) | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 474,338 | | | $ | 474,338 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | Market |
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 114,392 | | | 114,392 | | | — | | | — | | | Market |
|
Total | $ | 588,730 | | | $ | 588,730 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 3,090 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,090 | | | $ | — | | | Income |
|
|
Our cash and cash equivalents, along with our restricted cash and cash equivalents balances, consist largely of money market securities that are considered to be highly liquid and easily tradable. These securities are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical securities and are therefore classified as Level 1 within our fair value hierarchy. Our interest rate derivatives included in Level 2 consist of United States dollar-denominated interest rate derivatives, and their fair values are determined by applying standard modeling techniques under the income approach to relevant market interest rates (cash rates, futures rates, swap rates) in effect at the period close to determine appropriate reset and discount rates and incorporates an assessment of the risk of non-performance by the interest rate derivative counterparty in valuing derivative assets and an evaluation of the Company’s credit risk in valuing derivative liabilities. |
The following tables reflect the activity for the classes of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014, respectively: |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | |
| Debt Investments | | |
| Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | |
| 2013 | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2014 | | |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 40,388 | | | $ | — | | | |
| |
Total gains/(losses), net: | | | | | | | | | |
Included in other revenue | — | | | — | | | 1,613 | | | — | | | |
| |
Settlements | — | | | — | | | (42,001 | ) | | — | | | |
| |
Balance at end of period | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | |
| |
|
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2014, we had no transfers into or out of Level 3; however, we settled the debt investment during the first quarter of 2013. |
We measure the fair value of certain assets and liabilities on a non-recurring basis, when US GAAP requires the application of fair value, including events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable. Assets subject to these measurements include our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture and aircraft. We account for our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture under the equity method of accounting and record impairment when its fair value is less than its carrying value. We record aircraft at fair value when we determine the carrying value may not be recoverable. Fair value measurements for aircraft in impairment tests are based on an income approach which uses Level 3 inputs, which include the Company’s assumptions and appraisal data as to future cash proceeds from leasing and selling aircraft. |
Aircraft Valuation |
We perform our annual fleet-wide recoverability assessment during the third quarter of each year. This recoverability assessment, as more fully described in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Summary of Impairments and Recoverability Assessment, is a comparison of the carrying value of each aircraft to its undiscounted expected future cash flows. We develop the assumptions used in the recoverability assessment, including those relating to current and future demand for each aircraft type, based on management’s experience in the aircraft leasing industry as well as information received from third party sources. Estimates of the undiscounted cash flows for each aircraft type are impacted by changes in future projected lease rentals and maintenance payments, residual values, expected scrap values, economic conditions and other factors. |
In the 2014 assessment, we reduced our forecast of future cash flows for certain freighter aircraft to reflect the cumulative effect of increasing supply over the past three years, notwithstanding the modest increase in demand so far in 2014. |
More specifically, we determined the cash flows expected to be generated by two of our McDonnell Douglas MD-11 freighter aircraft did not support their carrying values. As a result, we impaired these two aircraft, which had an aggregate net book value as of June 30, 2014 of $53,777, writing down their book values by a total of $19,515. We also shortened their expected lives and reduced their residual values. |
In addition, for our five Boeing 747-400 production freighters, all of which passed the recoverability assessment, we shortened the expected lives from 35 years to 30 years from the date of manufacture. |
Other than the aircraft discussed above, management believes that the net book value of each aircraft is currently supported by the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that aircraft, and accordingly, no other aircraft were impaired as a consequence of this recoverability assessment. However, our lessees may face financial difficulties and return aircraft to us prior to the contractual lease expiry dates which may change our cash flow assumptions and require future impairment charges. While we believe that the estimates and related assumptions used in the recoverability assessment are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates. |
During the second quarter of 2014, we impaired two Boeing 747-400 converted freighters, one of which is off-lease and the other which has a scheduled lease expiry in December 2014. We intend to sell both aircraft rather than reinvest in further maintenance necessary for releasing. We classified one of these aircraft, which is being sold on a part out basis, as Flight Equipment Held for Sale in Other Assets on our consolidated Balance Sheet. For the off-lease aircraft, we recorded an impairment charge totaling $17,419 during the three months ended June 30, 2014. We previously recorded maintenance revenue of $3,853 and reversed lease incentives of $857 during the three months ended December 31, 2013 when this aircraft was returned to us. For the aircraft with a scheduled lease expiry in December 2014, we recorded an impairment charge totaling $10,723 and recorded maintenance revenue of $5,986 and reversed lease incentives of $3,626 during the six months ended June 30, 2014. |
During the first quarter of 2014, we impaired two aircraft: one Boeing 737-400, which was returned to us as scheduled by the lessee, and one Boeing 747-400 converted freighter, for which we agreed to an early lease termination with our customer. For these two aircraft, we recorded impairment charges totaling $18,263 and recorded maintenance revenue of $17,176 during the three months ended March 31, 2014. |
Following our recoverability assessment during the third quarter of 2013, we impaired six Boeing 747-400 converted freighter aircraft and one Boeing 737-700 aircraft and recorded impairment charges of $88,647 and $8,945, respectively. |
During the third quarter of 2013, one Boeing 767-300ER aircraft was returned to us early by its lessee. We recorded an impairment charge of $8,544, maintenance revenue of $12,056 and other revenue of $875 for this aircraft. During the first quarter of 2013, one Airbus A319-100 aircraft and one Boeing 767-300ER aircraft were returned to us early by their respective lessees. We recorded impairment charges totaling $6,199, maintenance revenue of $9,019 and other revenue of $876 for these two aircraft. |
|
Financial Instruments |
Our financial instruments, other than cash, consist principally of cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, amounts borrowed under financings and interest rate derivatives. The fair value of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates the carrying value of these financial instruments because of their short-term nature. |
The fair value of our Securitization, which contains a third party credit enhancement, is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, based on our current incremental borrowing rates of borrowing arrangements that do not contain third party credit enhancements. The fair values of our ECA term financings and bank financings are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The fair value of our Senior Notes is estimated using quoted market prices. |
The carrying amounts and fair values of our financial instruments at December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2014 are as follows: |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 | | September 30, 2014 | | |
| Carrying Amount | | Fair Value | | Carrying Amount | | Fair Value | | |
of Asset | of Asset | of Asset | of Asset | | |
(Liability) | (Liability) | (Liability) | (Liability) | | |
Securitizations | $ | (828,871 | ) | | $ | (779,901 | ) | | $ | (451,544 | ) | | $ | (428,590 | ) | | |
ECA term financings | (493,708 | ) | | (506,227 | ) | | (460,983 | ) | | (478,915 | ) | | |
Bank financings | (264,256 | ) | | (268,435 | ) | | (572,506 | ) | | (575,469 | ) | | |
Senior Notes | (2,150,527 | ) | | (2,325,965 | ) | | (2,200,000 | ) | | (2,303,682 | ) | | |
All of our financial instruments are classified as Level 2 with the exception of our Senior Notes, which are classified as Level 1. |