LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES | 9. LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES The liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE"), also referred to as loss reserves, represents our gross estimates before reinsurance for unpaid reported losses and includes losses that have been incurred but not reported ("IBNR") for our Non-life Run-off, Atrium and StarStone segments using a variety of actuarial methods. We recognize an asset for the portion of the liability that we expect to recover from reinsurers. LAE reserves include allocated loss adjustment expenses ("ALAE"), and unallocated loss adjustment expenses ("ULAE"). ALAE are linked to the settlement of an individual claim or loss, whereas ULAE are based on our estimates of future costs to administer the claims. IBNR represents reserves for loss and LAE that have been incurred but not yet reported to us. This includes amounts for unreported claims, development on known claims and reopened claims. Our loss reserves cover multiple lines of business, which include asbestos, environmental, general casualty, workers' compensation/personal accident, marine, aviation and transit, construction defect, professional indemnity/directors and officers, motor, property and other non-life lines of business. Refer to Note 10 - "Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses" to the consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for more information on establishing the liability for losses and LAE. The following tables summarize the liability for losses and LAE by segment and for our other activities: September 30, 2020 Non-life StarStone Other Total Outstanding losses $ 4,461,854 $ 698,118 $ 10,479 $ 5,170,451 IBNR 4,360,063 611,986 15,817 4,987,866 Fair value adjustments - acquired companies (147,500) (339) — (147,839) Fair value adjustments - fair value option (81,299) — — (81,299) ULAE 330,472 41,233 — 371,705 Total $ 8,923,590 $ 1,350,998 $ 26,296 $ 10,300,884 Reconciliation to Consolidated Balance Sheet: Loss and loss adjustment expenses $ 6,500,912 $ 1,350,998 $ 26,296 $ 7,878,206 Loss and loss adjustment expenses, at fair value 2,422,678 — — 2,422,678 Total $ 8,923,590 $ 1,350,998 $ 26,296 $ 10,300,884 December 31, 2019 Non-life Atrium StarStone Other Total Outstanding losses $ 4,407,082 $ 89,141 $ 743,829 $ 9,512 $ 5,249,564 IBNR 3,945,407 136,543 556,135 13,565 4,651,650 Fair value adjustments - acquired companies (170,689) 3,700 (522) — (167,511) Fair value adjustments - fair value option (217,933) — — — (217,933) ULAE 331,494 2,288 18,852 — 352,634 Total $ 8,295,361 $ 231,672 $ 1,318,294 $ 23,077 $ 9,868,404 Reconciliation to Consolidated Balance Sheet: Loss and loss adjustment expenses $ 5,674,239 $ 231,672 $ 1,318,294 $ 23,077 $ 7,247,282 Loss and loss adjustment expenses, at fair value 2,621,122 — — — 2,621,122 Total $ 8,295,361 $ 231,672 $ 1,318,294 $ 23,077 $ 9,868,404 The table below provides a consolidated reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for losses and LAE: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Balance as of beginning of period $ 10,593,436 $ 9,354,891 $ 9,868,404 $ 9,048,796 Less: reinsurance reserves recoverable 1,858,161 1,873,766 1,927,624 1,708,272 Less: deferred charge assets on retroactive reinsurance 258,516 99,094 272,462 86,585 Less: cumulative effect of change in accounting principle on the determination of the allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance balances (1) — — 643 — Net balance as of beginning of period 8,476,759 7,382,031 7,667,675 7,253,939 Net incurred losses and LAE: Current period 78,965 156,344 314,083 457,720 Prior periods 30,721 6,914 25,595 108,391 Total net incurred losses and LAE 109,686 163,258 339,678 566,111 Net paid losses: Current period (17,194) (36,733) (32,304) (107,679) Prior periods (344,060) (397,514) (1,070,063) (1,255,903) Total net paid losses (361,254) (434,247) (1,102,367) (1,363,582) Effect of exchange rate movement 99,129 (83,277) (6,139) (95,270) Acquired on purchase of subsidiaries — — — 686 Assumed business 280,497 445,000 1,705,970 1,110,881 Reclassification to assets and liabilities held-for-sale (219,284) — (219,284) — Net balance as of September 30 8,385,533 7,472,765 8,385,533 7,472,765 Plus: reinsurance reserves recoverable (2) 1,667,151 1,876,613 1,667,151 1,876,613 Plus: deferred charge assets on retroactive reinsurance 248,200 167,268 248,200 167,268 Balance as of September 30 $ 10,300,884 $ 9,516,646 $ 10,300,884 $ 9,516,646 (1) The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and the related amendments on January 1, 2020. Refer to Note 1 - "Significant Accounting Policies" for further details. This amount excludes $0.4 million related to the adoption impact of ASU 2016-13 (2) Net of allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance. The tables below provide the components of net incurred losses and LAE by segment and for our other activities: Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Non-life Run-off Atrium StarStone Other Total Net losses paid $ 283,882 $ 17,189 $ 56,727 $ 3,456 $ 361,254 Net change in case and LAE reserves (49,887) 2,701 5,456 103 (41,627) Net change in IBNR reserves (221,800) 2,386 (8,579) 1,484 (226,509) Increase in estimates of net ultimate losses 12,195 22,276 53,604 5,043 93,118 Reduction in provisions for unallocated LAE (14,605) (29) (5,020) — (19,654) Amortization of deferred charge assets 10,316 — — — 10,316 Amortization of fair value adjustments 5,310 (252) (194) — 4,864 Changes in fair value - fair value option 21,042 — — — 21,042 Net incurred losses and LAE $ 34,258 $ 21,995 $ 48,390 $ 5,043 $ 109,686 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Non-life Atrium StarStone Other Total Net losses paid $ 288,445 $ 20,005 $ 122,848 $ 2,949 $ 434,247 Net change in case and LAE reserves (173,104) (91) (17,860) 944 (190,111) Net change in IBNR reserves (148,521) 8,702 (4,713) (246) (144,778) Increase (reduction) in estimates of net ultimate losses (33,180) 28,616 100,275 3,647 99,358 Reduction in provisions for unallocated LAE (12,158) — (188) — (12,346) Amortization of deferred charge assets 17,009 — — — 17,009 Amortization of fair value adjustments 17,538 (216) 541 — 17,863 Changes in fair value - fair value option 41,374 — — — 41,374 Net incurred losses and LAE $ 30,583 $ 28,400 $ 100,628 $ 3,647 $ 163,258 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Non-life Run-off Atrium StarStone Other Total Net losses paid $ 826,250 $ 48,416 $ 218,200 $ 9,501 $ 1,102,367 Net change in case and LAE reserves (300,573) 3,635 (60,887) 965 (356,860) Net change in IBNR reserves (581,979) 14,227 17,032 2,252 (548,468) Increase (reduction) in estimates of net ultimate losses (56,302) 66,278 174,345 12,718 197,039 Increase (reduction) in provisions for unallocated LAE (34,509) (29) 23,475 — (11,063) Amortization of deferred charge assets 36,008 — — — 36,008 Amortization of fair value adjustments 21,653 (246) (561) — 20,846 Changes in fair value - fair value option 96,848 — — — 96,848 Net incurred losses and LAE $ 63,698 $ 66,003 $ 197,259 $ 12,718 $ 339,678 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Non-life Atrium StarStone Other Total Net losses paid $ 966,617 $ 60,095 $ 329,265 $ 7,605 $ 1,363,582 Net change in case and LAE reserves (370,639) (245) 13,508 2,298 (355,078) Net change in IBNR reserves (619,648) (1,916) 15,042 3,165 (603,357) Increase (reduction) in estimates of net ultimate losses (23,670) 57,934 357,815 13,068 405,147 Increase (reduction) in provisions for unallocated LAE (38,229) — 739 — (37,490) Amortization of deferred charge assets 28,006 — — — 28,006 Amortization of fair value adjustments 34,033 728 310 — 35,071 Changes in fair value - fair value option 135,377 — — — 135,377 Net incurred losses and LAE $ 135,517 $ 58,662 $ 358,864 $ 13,068 $ 566,111 Non-life Run-off Segment The table below provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for losses and LAE for the Non-life Run-off segment: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Balance as of beginning of period $ 8,979,234 $ 7,803,663 $ 8,295,361 $ 7,540,662 Less: reinsurance reserves recoverable 1,429,489 1,534,427 1,543,614 1,366,123 Less: deferred charge assets on retroactive insurance 258,516 99,094 272,462 86,585 Plus: cumulative effect of change in accounting principal on allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance (1) — — 703 — Net balance as of beginning of period 7,291,229 6,170,142 6,479,988 6,087,954 Net incurred losses and LAE: Current period 8,218 23,845 24,153 107,291 Prior periods 26,040 6,738 39,545 28,226 Total net incurred losses and LAE 34,258 30,583 63,698 135,517 Net paid losses: Current period (739) (14,374) (1,777) (53,265) Prior periods (283,143) (274,071) (824,473) (913,352) Total net paid losses (283,882) (288,445) (826,250) (966,617) Effect of exchange rate movement 86,047 (73,231) (15,257) (84,372) Acquired on purchase of subsidiaries — — — 686 Assumed business 280,497 445,000 1,705,970 1,110,881 Reclassification to assets and liabilities held-for-sale — — — — Net balance as of September 30 7,408,149 6,284,049 7,408,149 6,284,049 Plus: reinsurance reserves recoverable (2) 1,267,241 1,488,374 1,267,241 1,488,374 Plus: deferred charge assets on retroactive reinsurance 248,200 167,268 248,200 167,268 Balance as of September 30 $ 8,923,590 $ 7,939,691 $ 8,923,590 $ 7,939,691 (1) The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and the related amendments on January 1, 2020. Refer to Note 1 - "Significant Accounting Policies" for further details. (2) Net of allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance. Net incurred losses and LAE in the Non-life Run-off segment were as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Prior Current Total Prior Current Total Net losses paid $ 283,143 $ 739 $ 283,882 $ 274,071 $ 14,374 $ 288,445 Net change in case and LAE reserves (49,854) (33) (49,887) (175,830) 2,726 (173,104) Net change in IBNR reserves (229,312) 7,512 (221,800) (155,315) 6,794 (148,521) Increase (reduction) in estimates of net ultimate losses 3,977 8,218 12,195 (57,074) 23,894 (33,180) Reduction in provisions for unallocated LAE (14,605) — (14,605) (12,109) (49) (12,158) Amortization of deferred charge assets 10,316 — 10,316 17,009 — 17,009 Amortization of fair value adjustments 5,310 — 5,310 17,538 — 17,538 Changes in fair value - fair value option 21,042 — 21,042 41,374 — 41,374 Net incurred losses and LAE $ 26,040 $ 8,218 $ 34,258 $ 6,738 $ 23,845 $ 30,583 Net change in case and LAE reserves comprises the movement during the period in specific case reserve liabilities as a result of claims settlements or changes advised to us by our policyholders and attorneys, less changes in case reserves recoverable advised by us to our reinsurers as a result of the settlement or movement of assumed claims. Net change in IBNR represents the gross change in our actuarial estimates of IBNR, less amounts recoverable. Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 The increase in net incurred losses and LAE for the three months ended September 30, 2020 of $34.3 million included net incurred losses and LAE of $8.2 million related to current period net earned premium, primarily in respect of the run-off business acquired with the AmTrust RITC transactions. Excluding current period net incurred losses and LAE of $8.2 million, the increase in net incurred losses and LAE relating to prior periods was $26.0 million, which was primarily attributable to an increase in the fair value of liabilities of $21.0 million related to our assumed retroactive reinsurance agreements for which we have elected the fair value option primarily due to narrowing credit spreads on corporate bond yields in the period, amortization of the deferred charge assets of $10.3 million, amortization of fair value adjustments over the estimated payout period relating to companies acquired of $5.3 million, and an increase in estimates of net ultimate losses of $4.0 million, partially offset by a reduction in provisions for unallocated LAE of $14.6 million relating to 2020 run-off activity. Net ultimate losses relating to prior periods were relatively unchanged with an increase in estimates of net ultimate losses of $4.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and included net losses paid of $283.1 million, partially offset by a net reduction in case and IBNR reserves of $279.2 million. Unfavorable development of approximately $128.4 million within our motor line of business, was offset by favorable development across workers compensation and other lines of business. Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Net incurred losses and LAE for the three months ended September 30, 2019 of $30.6 million included net incurred losses and LAE of $23.8 million related to current period net earned premium, primarily for the run-off business acquired with the AmTrust RITC transactions and the acquisition of Maiden Reinsurance North America, Inc. ("Maiden Re North America"). Excluding current period net incurred losses and LAE of $23.8 million, the increase in net incurred losses and LAE relating to prior periods was $6.7 million, which was attributable to an increase in the fair value of liabilities of $41.4 million related to our assumed retroactive reinsurance agreements for which we have elected the fair value option primarily as a result of a decrease in corporate bond yields, amortization of fair value adjustments over the estimated payout period relating to companies acquired of $17.5 million and amortization of the deferred charge assets of $17.0 million, partially offset by a reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses of $57.1 million and a reduction in provisions for unallocated LAE of $12.1 million relating to 2019 run-off activity. The reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses relating to prior periods of $57.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 included a net reduction in case and IBNR reserves of $331.1 million, partially offset by net losses paid of $274.1 million. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Prior Current Total Prior Current Total Net losses paid $ 824,473 $ 1,777 $ 826,250 $ 913,352 $ 53,265 $ 966,617 Net change in case and LAE reserves (301,382) 809 (300,573) (394,780) 24,141 (370,639) Net change in IBNR reserves (603,546) 21,567 (581,979) (649,053) 29,405 (619,648) Increase (reduction) in estimates of net ultimate losses (80,455) 24,153 (56,302) (130,481) 106,811 (23,670) Increase (reduction) in provisions for unallocated LAE (34,509) — (34,509) (38,709) 480 (38,229) Amortization of deferred charge assets 36,008 — 36,008 28,006 — 28,006 Amortization of fair value adjustments 21,653 — 21,653 34,033 — 34,033 Changes in fair value - fair value option 96,848 — 96,848 135,377 — 135,377 Net incurred losses and LAE $ 39,545 $ 24,153 $ 63,698 $ 28,226 $ 107,291 $ 135,517 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 The increase in net incurred losses and LAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $63.7 million included net incurred losses and LAE of $24.2 million related to current period net earned premium, primarily for the run-off business acquired with the AmTrust RITC transactions. Excluding current period net incurred losses and LAE of $24.2 million, the increase in net incurred losses and LAE liabilities relating to prior periods was $39.5 million, which was attributable to an increase in the fair value of liabilities of $96.8 million related to our assumed retroactive reinsurance agreements for which we have elected the fair value option primarily due to declining interest rates on corporate bond yields in the period, amortization of the deferred charge assets of $36.0 million and amortization of fair value adjustments over the estimated payout period relating to companies acquired of $21.7 million, partially offset by a reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses of $80.5 million and a reduction in provisions for unallocated LAE of $34.5 million relating to 2020 run-off activity. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the change in net ultimate losses relating to prior periods was favorable with a reduction of $80.5 million, which included a net change in case and IBNR reserves of $904.9 million, partially offset by net losses paid of $824.5 million. The favorable development was largely attributed to workers compensation as well as other lines of business, partially offset by unfavorable development of $122.4 million within our motor line of business. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 The increase in net incurred losses and LAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $135.5 million included net incurred losses and LAE of $107.3 million related to current period net earned premium, primarily for the run-off business acquired with the AmTrust RITC transactions and the acquisition of Maiden Re North America. Excluding current period net incurred losses and LAE of $107.3 million, the increase in net incurred losses and LAE liabilities relating to prior periods was $28.2 million, which was attributable to an increase in the fair value of liabilities of $135.4 million related to our assumed retroactive reinsurance agreements for which we have elected the fair value option primarily as a result of a decrease in corporate bond yields, amortization of fair value adjustments over the estimated payout period relating to companies acquired of $34.0 million and amortization of the deferred charge assets of $28.0 million, partially offset by a reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses of $130.5 million and a reduction in provisions for unallocated LAE of $38.7 million relating to 2019 run-off activity. The reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses of $130.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 included a net change in case and IBNR reserves of $1,043.8 million, partially offset by net losses paid of $913.4 million. Atrium The table below provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for losses and LAE for the Atrium segment: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Balance as of beginning of period $ 239,731 $ 222,576 $ 231,672 $ 241,284 Less: reinsurance reserves recoverable 27,250 29,606 28,816 38,768 Less: cumulative effect of change in accounting principal on allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance (1) — — 851 — Net balance as of beginning of period 212,481 192,970 202,005 202,516 Net incurred losses and LAE: Current period 23,129 27,093 70,075 63,189 Prior periods (1,134) 1,307 (4,072) (4,527) Total net incurred losses and LAE 21,995 28,400 66,003 58,662 Net paid losses: Current period (7,717) (9,387) (17,004) (24,531) Prior periods (9,472) (10,618) (31,412) (35,564) Total net paid losses (17,189) (20,005) (48,416) (60,095) Effect of exchange rate movement 1,997 (1,405) (308) (1,123) Reclassification to assets and liabilities held-for-sale (219,284) — (219,284) — Net balance as of September 30 — 199,960 — 199,960 Plus: reinsurance reserves recoverable (2) — 31,719 — 31,719 Balance as of September 30 $ — $ 231,679 $ — $ 231,679 (1) The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and the related amendments on January 1, 2020. Refer to Note 1 - "Significant Accounting Policies" for further details. (2) Net of allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance. Net incurred losses and LAE in the Atrium segment were as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Prior Current Total Prior Current Total Net losses paid $ 9,472 $ 7,717 $ 17,189 $ 10,618 $ 9,387 $ 20,005 Net change in case and LAE reserves (2,292) 4,993 2,701 (2,860) 2,769 (91) Net change in IBNR reserves (8,110) 10,496 2,386 (6,235) 14,937 8,702 Increase (reduction) in estimates of net ultimate losses (930) 23,206 22,276 1,523 27,093 28,616 Increase (reduction) in provisions for unallocated LAE 48 (77) (29) — — — Amortization of fair value adjustments (252) — (252) (216) — (216) Net incurred losses and LAE $ (1,134) $ 23,129 $ 21,995 $ 1,307 $ 27,093 $ 28,400 Net change in case and LAE reserves comprises the movement during the period in specific case reserve liabilities as a result of claims settlements or changes advised to us by our policyholders and attorneys, less changes in case reserves recoverable advised by us to our reinsurers as a result of the settlement or movement of assumed claims. Net change in IBNR represents the gross change in our actuarial estimates of IBNR, less amounts recoverable. Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 Net incurred losses and LAE for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $22.0 million and $28.4 million, respectively. Net favorable prior period loss development was $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net unfavorable prior period loss development of $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding prior period loss development, net incurred losses and LAE for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were $23.1 million and included $1.5 million of losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Excluding prior period loss development, net incurred losses and LAE for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were $27.1 million. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Prior Period Current Period Total Prior Period Current Period Total Net losses paid $ 31,412 $ 17,004 $ 48,416 $ 35,564 $ 24,531 $ 60,095 Net change in case and LAE reserves (9,517) 13,152 3,635 (13,032) 12,787 (245) Net change in IBNR reserves (25,769) 39,996 14,227 (27,787) 25,871 (1,916) Increase (reduction) in estimates of net ultimate losses (3,874) 70,152 66,278 (5,255) 63,189 57,934 Increase (reduction) in provisions for unallocated LAE 48 (77) (29) — — — Amortization of fair value adjustments (246) — (246) 728 — 728 Net incurred losses and LAE $ (4,072) $ 70,075 $ 66,003 $ (4,527) $ 63,189 $ 58,662 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 Net incurred losses and LAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $66.0 million and $58.7 million, respectively. Net favorable prior year loss development was $4.1 million and $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The current period net favorable prior period loss development was driven by favorable development across several lines of business. Excluding prior period loss development, net incurred losses and LAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $70.1 million and included $14.3 million of losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Excluding prior period loss development, net incurred losses and LAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $63.2 million. StarStone The table below provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for losses and LAE for our StarStone segment: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Balance as of beginning of period $ 1,349,763 $ 1,305,026 $ 1,318,294 $ 1,247,989 Less: reinsurance reserves recoverable 401,422 309,733 355,194 303,381 Less: cumulative effect of change in accounting principal on allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance (1) — — 495 — Net balance as of beginning of period 948,341 995,293 962,605 944,608 Net incurred losses and LAE: Current period 44,734 101,808 208,414 274,070 Prior periods 3,656 (1,180) (11,155) 84,794 Total net incurred losses and LAE 48,390 100,628 197,259 358,864 Net paid losses: Current period (7,755) (11,653) (12,142) (27,624) Prior periods (48,972) (111,195) (206,058) (301,641) Total net paid losses (56,727) (122,848) (218,200) (329,265) Effect of exchange rate movement 11,084 (8,641) 9,424 (9,775) Net balance as of September 30 951,088 964,432 951,088 964,432 Plus: reinsurance reserves recoverable (2) 399,910 356,520 399,910 356,520 Balance as of September 30 $ 1,350,998 $ 1,320,952 $ 1,350,998 $ 1,320,952 (1) The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and the related amendments on January 1, 2020. Refer to Note 1 - "Significant Accounting Policies" for further details. This amount excludes $0.4 million related to the adoption impact of ASU 2016-13 (2) Net of allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance. Net incurred losses and LAE in the StarStone segment were as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Prior Period Current Period Total Prior Period Current Period Total Net losses paid $ 48,972 $ 7,755 $ 56,727 $ 111,195 $ 11,653 $ 122,848 Net change in case and LAE reserves (20,068) 25,524 5,456 (8,866) (8,994) (17,860) Net change in IBNR reserves (24,755) 16,176 (8,579) (101,938) 97,225 (4,713) Increase in estimates of net ultimate losses 4,149 49,455 53,604 391 99,884 100,275 Increase (reduction) in provisions for unallocated LAE (299) (4,721) (5,020) (2,112) 1,924 (188) Amortization of fair value adjustments (194) — (194) 541 — 541 Net incurred losses and LAE $ 3,656 $ 44,734 $ 48,390 $ (1,180) $ 101,808 $ 100,628 Net change in case and LAE reserves comprises the movement during the period in specific case reserve liabilities as a result of claims settlements or changes advised to us by our policyholders and attorneys, less changes in case reserves recoverable advised by us to our reinsurers as a result of the settlement or movement of assumed claims. Net change in IBNR represents the gross change in our actuarial estimates of IBNR, less amounts recoverable. Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 Net incurred losses and LAE for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $48.4 million and $100.6 million, respectively. Net unfavorable prior period loss development was $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net favorable prior period loss development of $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Net unfavorable prior period loss development for the three months Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Prior Period Current Period Total Prior Period Current Period Total Net losses paid $ 206,058 $ 12,142 $ 218,200 $ 301,641 $ 27,624 $ 329,265 Net change in case and LAE reserves (85,798) 24,911 (60,887) (22,538) 36,046 13,508 Net change in IBNR reserves (130,738) 147,770 17,032 (192,034) 207,076 15,042 Increase (reduction) in estimates of net ultimate losses (10,478) 184,823 174,345 87,069 270,746 357,815 Increase (reduction) in provisions for unallocated LAE (116) 23,591 23,475 (2,585) 3,324 739 Amortization of fair value adjustments (561) — (561) 310 — 310 Net incurred losses and LAE $ (11,155) $ 208,414 $ 197,259 $ 84,794 $ 274,070 $ 358,864 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 Net incurred losses and LAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $197.3 million and $358.9 million, respectively. Net favorable prior period loss development was $11.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net unfavorable prior period loss development of $84.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Net favorable prior period loss development for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was driven by favorable development in the workers compensation and casualty lines of business. Net unfavorable prior period loss development for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily related to development on lines of business that we had either exited or had been subject to remediation as part of our underwriting repositioning initiatives before our decision to place StarStone International into run-off. Excluding prior period loss development, net incurred losses and LAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $208.4 million and included $22.8 million of COVID-19 related losses and $23.7 million of exit costs associated with the StarStone International Run-Off. Excluding prior period loss development, net incurred losses and LAE for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $274.1 million. |