Imperva 10-Q 2016 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2016

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from to

Commission File Number 001-35338

Imperva, Inc.

(Exact name of the Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	03-0460133
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3400 Bridge Parkway

Redwood Shores, California 94065

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

(650) 345-9000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  x    NO  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES  x    NO  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o    No  x

Shares of Imperva, Inc. common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding as of May 2, 2016: 32,261,081 shares.

IMPERVA, INC.

FORM 10-Q

Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	53
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	53
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	53
Item 5.	Other Information	53
Item 6.	Exhibits	53
Signatures		54

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

IMPERVA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	Unaudited			*
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	158,691		$	168,252
Short-term investments		100,054			96,555
Restricted cash		69			79
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,595 and $ 1,438 as of March 31, 2016 and    December 31, 2015, respectively		43,570			61,051
Inventory		860			815
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		9,476			7,965
Total current assets		312,720			334,717
Property and equipment, net		17,486			12,164
Goodwill		34,972			34,972
Acquired intangible assets, net		7,639			7,991
Severance pay fund		4,789			4,530
Restricted cash		1,665			1,665
Deferred tax assets		683			588
Other assets		1,157			1,042
TOTAL ASSETS	$	381,111		$	397,669
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable	$	7,772		$	6,870
Accrued compensation and benefits		17,195			20,259
Accrued and other current liabilities		6,462			14,283
Deferred revenue		82,119			79,132
Total current liabilities		113,548			120,544
Other liabilities		5,005			4,515
Deferred revenue		25,936			27,525
Accrued severance pay		5,454			4,884
TOTAL LIABILITIES		149,943			157,468
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value - 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and    outstanding as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value - 145,000,000 shares authorized, 32,259,601    and 31,837,144 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2016    and December 31, 2015, respectively		3			3
Additional paid-in capital		461,958			448,069
Accumulated deficit		(230,547	)		(206,540	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(246	)		(1,331	)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		231,168			240,201
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	381,111		$	397,669

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

* The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

3

IMPERVA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Net revenue:
Products and license	$	20,841		$	17,104
Services		38,932			27,653
Total net revenue		59,773			44,757
Cost of revenue:
Products and license		2,184			1,998
Services		10,784			8,332
Total cost of revenue		12,968			10,330
Gross profit		46,805			34,427
Operating expenses:
Research and development		16,019			12,678
Sales and marketing		40,740			31,253
General and administrative		13,886			9,743
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		352			352
Total operating expenses		70,997			54,026
Loss from operations		(24,192	)		(19,599	)
Other income (expense), net		83			(80	)
Loss before (benefit) provision for income taxes		(24,109	)		(19,679	)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(102	)		351
Net loss	$	(24,007	)	$	(20,030	)
Net loss per share of common stock stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.75	)	$	(0.74	)
Shares used in computing net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted		31,843			26,973

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

IMPERVA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(24,007	)	$	(20,030	)
Other comprehensive gain (loss) (net of tax):
Net change in net unrealized loss on investments		169			44
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on hedging instruments		916			(130	)
		1,085			(86	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(22,922	)	$	(20,116	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IMPERVA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited) 

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Shareholders'
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Income(Loss)			Equity
For the three months ended March 31, 2016
Balance as at January 1, 2016		31,837,144	$	3	$	448,069		$	(206,540	)	$	(1,331	)	$	240,201
Issuance of common stock under employee equity    plans, net of repurchases		215,958		—		590			—			—			590
Issuance of holdback shares in connection    with acquisitions		206,499		—		—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—		—		15,655			—			—			15,655
Income tax deficiencies from employee stock option    exercises		—		—		(4	)		—			—			(4	)
Shares withheld for tax withholding on vesting of    restricted stock units						(2,352	)		—						(2,352	)
Components of other comprehensive income (loss),    net of tax
Change in unrealized loss on investments		—		—		—			—			169			169
Change in unrealized gain on derivatives		—		—		—			—			916			916
Net loss		—		—		—			(24,007	)		—			(24,007	)
Comprehensive loss															(22,922	)
Balance as at March 31, 2016		32,259,601	$	3	$	461,958		$	(230,547	)	$	(246	)	$	231,168

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Shareholders'
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Income(Loss)			Equity
For the three months ended March 31, 2015
Balance as at January 1, 2015		26,895,480	$	2	$	256,388		$	(157,658	)	$	(1,489	)	$	97,243
Proceeds from follow-on public offering, net of    offering costs		3,450,000		1		127,853			—			—			127,854
Issuance of common stock under employee equity    plans, net of repurchases		248,240		—		1,618			—			—			1,618
Vesting of restricted stock		—		—		27			—			—			27
Stock-based compensation		—		—		12,546			—			—			12,546
Income tax benefit from employee stock option    exercises		—		—		43			—			—			43
Shares withheld for tax withholding on vesting of    restricted stock units						(2,137	)								(2,137	)
Components of other comprehensive income (loss),    net of tax
Change in unrealized gain on investments		—		—		—			—			44			44
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives		—		—		—			—			(130	)		(130	)
Net loss		—		—		—			(20,030	)		—			(20,030	)
Comprehensive loss															(20,116	)
Balance as at March 31, 2015		30,593,720	$	3	$	396,338		$	(177,688	)	$	(1,575	)	$	217,078

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IMPERVA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31
	2016			2015
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(24,007	)	$	(20,030	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,308			1,056
Stock-based compensation		15,655			12,546
Amortization of acquired intangibles		352			352
Amortization of premiums/accretion of discounts on short-term investments		136			92
Allowance for doubtful debts		157			65
Excess tax deficiencies (benefits) from share-based compensation		4			(43	)
Other		(172	)		114
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		17,324			14,016
Inventory		(45	)		(296	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(809	)		(515	)
Accounts payable		(2,302	)		(1,812	)
Accrued compensation and benefits		(3,064	)		(1,268	)
Accrued and other liabilities		(169	)		79
Severance pay (net)		311			(64	)
Deferred revenue		1,398			2,508
Deferred tax assets		(95	)		4
Net cash provided by operating activities		5,982			6,804
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales/maturities of short-term investments		22,909			18,168
Purchase of short-term investments		(26,285	)		(22,843	)
Net purchases of property and equipment		(3,426	)		(991	)
Change in restricted cash		10			(11	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(6,792	)		(5,677	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Settlement of holdback liability		(7,157	)		—
Proceeds from follow-on public offering, net of offering costs		—			127,854
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of repurchases		590			1,618
Shares withheld for tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units		(2,352	)		(2,137	)
Excess tax (deficiencies) benefits from share-based compensation		(4	)		43
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(8,923	)		127,378
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		172			(115	)
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		(9,561	)		128,390
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - Beginning of period		168,252			68,096
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - End of period	$	158,691		$	196,486
NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Property and equipment incurred but not yet paid	$	3,721		$	169
Vesting of restricted and early exercised stock options	$	—		$	27

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IMPERVA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Imperva, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) was incorporated in April 2002 in Delaware. The Company is headquartered in Redwood Shores, California and has subsidiaries located throughout the world including Israel, Asia and Europe. The Company is engaged in the development, marketing, sales, service and support of cyber-security solutions that protect business-critical data and applications whether in the cloud or on premises.

Basis of Presentation

The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation S-X and pursuant to the rules and regulations for Form 10-Q of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Pursuant to those rules and regulations, the Company has condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosure it normally includes in its annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In management’s opinion, the Company has made all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments, except as otherwise indicated) necessary to fairly present its consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Company’s interim period operating results do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year. These financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2016 (the “Annual Report”).

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

From time to time the Company reclassifies certain prior period balances to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have no material impact on previously reported total assets, total liabilities, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or cash flows.

Concentration of Revenue and Accounts Receivable

Significant customers are those which represent 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue or gross accounts receivable balance at each respective balance sheet date. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company had one customer that represented 14% of the Company’s total revenue. The same customer represented 17% and 21% of gross accounts receivable as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company did not have any customers that represented more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The updated guidance changes how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payment awards to employees, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017, with early application permitted. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 regarding ASC Topic 842 "Leases." The amendments in this guidance require balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for leases classified as

8

operating leases, with an optional policy election to not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. The amendments also require new disclosures, including qualitative and quantitative requirements, providing additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. The amendments require a modified retrospective approach with optional practical expedients. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09—Revenue (Topic 606): Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU No. 2014-09 will replace most existing U.S. GAAP guidance on this topic. The new revenue recognition standard provides a unified model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral of the effective date for the new revenue reporting standard for entities reporting under U.S. GAAP. In accordance with the deferral, this guidance will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018 and can be applied either retrospectively to each period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting standard on its consolidated financial statements and has not selected a transition method.

2. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, highly liquid investments in commercial paper, money market funds and various deposit accounts.

The Company considers all high quality investments purchased with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than three months to be short-term investments. Investments are available to be used for current operations and are, therefore, classified as current assets even though maturities may extend beyond one year. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and are, therefore, recorded at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, with any unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in its condensed consolidated balance sheets, until realized. The Company uses the specific-identification method to compute gains and losses on the investments. The amortized cost of securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion is included as a component of other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	51,182	$	—	$	—	$	51,182
Bank deposits		10,262		—		—		10,262
Commercial paper		20,921		—		2		20,919
Money market funds		76,328		—		—		76,328
Total	$	158,693	$	—	$	2	$	158,691
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper	$	11,548	$	—	$	—	$	11,548
Corporate debt obligations		63,665		16		64		63,617
US government agencies		14,514		12		3		14,523
Bank deposits		10,366		—		—		10,366
Total	$	100,093	$	28	$	67	$	100,054

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	As of December 31, 2015
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	57,906	$	—	$	—	$	57,906
Bank deposits		10,253		—		—		10,253
Commercial paper		13,896		—		3		13,893
Money market funds		86,200		—		—		86,200
Total	$	168,255	$	—	$	3	$	168,252
Short-term investments:
Corporate debt obligations	$	86,590	$	2	$	300	$	86,292
Bank deposits		10,263		—		—		10,263
Total	$	96,853	$	2	$	300	$	96,555

The following table summarizes the cost and estimated fair value of short-term investments based on stated effective maturities as of March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
			Estimated
	Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value
Short-term investments:
Due within one year	$	66,464	$	66,422
Due within two years		33,629		33,632
Total	$	100,093	$	100,054

The gross unrealized loss related to these securities was due primarily to changes in interest rates. The Company reviews its short-term investments on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not any security has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value. The Company considers factors such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and its intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell, the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost basis. If the Company believes that an other-than-temporary decline exists in one of these securities, the Company writes down these investments to fair value. For debt securities, the portion of the write-down related to credit loss would be recorded to other income (expense), net, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Any portion not related to credit loss would be recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not consider any of its investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

The following tables show the short-term investments in an unrealized loss position and the related gross unrealized losses and fair value and length of time that the short-term investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Commercial paper	$	11,548	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11,548	$	—
Corporate debt obligations		33,916		55		13,116		9		47,032	$	64
US government agencies		3,999		3						3,999		3
	$	49,463	$	58	$	13,116	$	9	$	62,579	$	67

	As of December 31, 2015
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Corporate debt obligations	$	73,673	$	286	$	10,609	$	14	$	84,282	$	300
	$	73,673	$	286	$	10,609	$	14	$	84,282	$	300

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3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level to classify them for each reporting period. There have been no transfers between fair value measurement levels during the three months ended March 31, 2016.

The Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investment instruments are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The types of instruments valued based on quoted market prices in active markets include mutual funds and money market securities, and are generally classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The types of instruments valued based on quoted prices in less active markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability include U.S. agency securities, investment-grade corporate bonds, bank deposits, and commercial paper. Such instruments are generally classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company executes its foreign currency contracts primarily in the retail market in an over-the-counter environment with a relatively high level of price transparency. The market participants usually are large multi-national and regional banks. The Company’s foreign currency contracts valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and quoted pricing intervals from public data sources and do not involve management judgment. These contracts are typically classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016
	Level I		Level II		Level III		FairValue
Financial Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Bank deposits	$	—	$	10,262	$	—	$	10,262
Commercial paper		—		20,919		—		20,919
Money market funds		76,328		—		—		76,328
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper and debt obligations		—		11,548		—		11,548
Corporate debt obligations				63,617				63,617
US government agencies				14,523				14,523
Bank deposits		—		10,366		—		10,366
Prepaid expenses and other current assets - Forward foreign exchange    contracts		—		817		—		817
Total financial assets	$	76,328	$	132,052	$	—	$	208,380

	As of December 31, 2015
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Bank deposits	$	—	$	10,253	$	—	$	10,253
Commercial paper		—		13,893		—		13,893
Money market funds		86,200		—		—		86,200
Short-term investments:
Corporate debt obligations		—		86,292		—		86,292
Bank deposits		—		10,263		—		10,263
Total financial assets	$	86,200	$	120,701	$	—	$	206,901
Financial Liability:
Accrued and other current liabilities - Forward foreign exchange    contracts	$	—	$	595	$	—	$	595

In addition to the amounts disclosed in the above table, the fair value of the Company’s Israeli severance pay assets, which were comprised of Level II assets, was $4.8 million and $4.5 million as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

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4. Derivative Instruments

The Company’s primary objective for holding derivative instruments is to reduce its exposure to foreign currency rate changes. The Company reduces its exposure by entering into forward foreign exchange contracts with respect to operating expenses that are forecast to be incurred in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue and capital purchasing activities and a majority of its operating expenditures are transacted in U.S. dollars. However, certain operating expenditures are incurred in or exposed to other currencies, primarily the Israeli shekel and the Euro.

The Company has established forecasted transaction currency risk management programs to protect against fluctuations in fair value and the volatility of future cash flows caused by changes in exchange rates. The Company’s currency risk management program includes forward foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges. These forward foreign exchange contracts generally mature within 12 months. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

Derivative instruments measured at fair value and their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are presented in the following tables (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2016				As of December 31, 2015
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value
Foreign exchange forward contract derivatives in cash flow hedging    relationships -  included in prepaid expenses and other current assets    (accrued and other current liabilities)	$	38,988	$	817	$	47,231	$	(595	)

Gains (losses) on derivative instruments and their classification on the condensed consolidated statement of operations are presented in the following table (in thousands):

	For the three months ended March 31
	2016			2015
Foreign Exchange Forward Contract Derivatives in cash flow    hedging relationships:
Gains recognized in OCI (a)	$	1,316		$	—
Losses recognized in OCI (a)	$	(99	)	$	(450	)
Gains recognized from accumulated OCI into net loss (b)	$	—		$	—
Losses recognized from accumulated OCI into net loss (b)	$	(194	)	$	(320	)

(a) Net change in the fair value of the effective portion classified in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).

(b) Effective portion of cash flow hedges reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net loss, of which $13 and $181 were recognized within cost of sales and operating expenses, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and $32 and $288 were recognized within cost of sales and operating expenses, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2015. All amounts are reflected within the respective condensed consolidated statement of operations.

5. Acquired Intangible Assets

The Company amortizes intangible assets, which consist of purchased technologies that have estimated useful lives ranging from 7 to 10 years, using the straight-line method when the consumption pattern of the asset is not apparent. The Company reviews such assets for impairment whenever an impairment indicator exists and continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of the intangible assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets exceed the estimates of future undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by such assets. Should impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess carrying value of the asset over the asset’s estimated fair value. There was no impairment of intangible assets recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. The weighted average remaining useful life of the Company’s acquired technology intangible assets is 6 years as of March 31, 2016.

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Acquired technology intangible assets subject to amortization are presented as follows (in thousands):

	As of March31, 2016			As of December31, 2015
Acquired Technology	$	10,668		$	10,668
Less: accumulated amortization		(3,029	)		(2,677	)
Total acquired technology, net	$	7,639		$	7,991

Acquired intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of seven to ten years. As of March 31, 2016, the amortization expense in future periods is expected to be as follows (in thousands):

	Acquired
Fiscal Year	Technology
2016	$	1,056
2017		1,408
2018		1,408
2019		1,408
2020		1,408
Thereafter		951
Total expected amortization expense	$	7,639

6. Revolving Credit Facility

In September 2010, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility with a financial institution. The credit facility agreement, as amended, provides for borrowing capacity up to $7.5 million. The credit facility expires on April 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there was no balance outstanding on the credit facility.

The credit facility is secured by the assets of the Company, and contains a restrictive covenant that requires the Company to maintain a minimum cash and cash equivalents balance of $3.0 million. The terms of this agreement requires payment of an unused line fee of 0.25% per quarter of the unused portion, standby letter of credit fees of 1% per annum of the stated amount of each letter of credit and bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.75%. As of March 31, 2016, the Company was compliant with the amended covenant of the credit facility.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Operating Leases

The Company rents its facilities under operating leases with lease periods expiring through 2022. Future minimum payments under these facility operating leases and minimum rentals to be received under non-cancellable subleases are as follows as of March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Estimated Sublease Income
Year Ending December 31:
2016	$	5,214	$	686
2017		7,221		—
2018		7,524		—
2019		4,603		—
2020		4,222		—
Thereafter		124		—
Total	$	28,908	$	686

Rent expense for the Company’s operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $1.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

In connection with leases of office space, the Company has received tenant improvement allowances from the lessor for certain improvements made to the leased properties. The Company has recorded the tenant improvement allowances as a leasehold

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improvement within property and equipment, net, and as deferred rent within other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The deferred rent liability is amortized to rent expense over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis. The leasehold improvements are being amortized to expense over the period from when the improvements were placed into service until the end of their useful life, which is the end of the lease term. For the three months ending March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not receive any tenant improvement allowances.

In addition, certain of the Company’s operating lease agreements for office space also include rent holidays and scheduled rent escalations during the initial lease term. The Company has recorded the rent holidays as a deferred rent within other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes the deferred rent liability and scheduled rent increase on a straight-line basis into rent expense over the lease term commencing on the date the Company takes possession of the lease space.

As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 the Company has $1.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively, in restricted deposits to secure bank guarantees provided to its lessors.

(b) Cancelable Lease Agreement

The Company leases motor vehicles under cancelable operating lease agreements. The Company has an option to cancel the lease agreements, which may result in penalties in a maximum amount of $0.1 million as of March 31, 2016. Motor vehicle lease expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

(c) Purchase Commitments

As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had purchase commitments of $6.1 million and $5.8 million, respectively, to purchase inventory, trial units, and research and development equipment from its vendors. The purchase commitments result from the Company’s contractual obligation to order or build inventory in advance of anticipated sales. According to the Company’s agreements with its vendors, the Company committed to purchase inventory within nine months from the date the inventory arrived at the vendor’s warehouse.

(d) Litigation

From time to time, the Company may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business.

On April 11, 2014, a purported shareholder class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against us and certain of our current and former officers. On August 7, 2014, the Court entered an order appointing lead plaintiff and counsel for the purported class. The lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on October 10, 2014. The lawsuit named us and certain of our current and former officers and purported to bring suit on behalf of those investors who purchased our publicly traded securities between May 2, 2013 and April 9, 2014. The plaintiff alleged that defendants made false and misleading statements about our operations and business and financial results and purported to assert claims for violations of the federal securities laws. The amended complaint sought unspecified compensatory damages, interest thereon, costs incurred in the action and equitable/injunctive or other relief. On January 6, 2015, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On September 17, 2015, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss with leave to amend. The lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on January 13, 2016, again naming the same current and former officers, alleging false and misleading statements about our operations and business and financial results, and seeking the same relief.  On February 10, 2016, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. That motion is pending.

On June 27, 2014, a purported shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the Court of Chancery for the State of Delaware against us (as a nominal defendant), and naming certain of our officers and directors as individual defendants. The lawsuit relates to the acquisition of Skyfence Networks, Ltd. and the complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment, and seeks to recover unspecified compensatory damages allegedly sustained by us, corporate reforms, the recovery of plaintiffs’ attorney’s fees and other relief. On September 23, 2014, we and the individual defendants moved to dismiss the action. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on November 6, 2014. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on January 14, 2015.  On September 2, 2015, the Court granted the motion to dismiss with prejudice. Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Delaware on October 1, 2015. Following briefing and oral argument, the Supreme Court of Delaware issued an order on March 11, 2016, affirming the Court of Chancery’s decision dismissing the case with prejudice.  

In addition, we have received, and may in the future continue to receive, claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights. Future litigation may be necessary to defend ourselves, our channel partners and our customers by determining the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish our proprietary rights.

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In the opinion of management, liabilities associated with these claims, while possible, are not probable at this time, and therefore the Company has not recorded any accrual for them as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Further, any possible range of loss cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain and, regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense costs, potential negative publicity, diversion of management resources and other factors. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that existing or future legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business or otherwise will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

(e) Indemnification

Under the indemnification provisions of its standard sales contracts, the Company agrees to defend its channel partners and end customers against third-party claims asserting infringement of certain intellectual property rights, which may include patents, copyrights, trademarks, or trade secrets, and to pay judgments and settlements entered on such claims. The Company’s exposure under these indemnifications provisions is generally limited to the total amount paid under the agreement. However, certain agreements included indemnification provisions that could potentially expose the Company to losses in excess of the amount received under the agreement. To date, there have been no claims under such indemnification provisions. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded a liability on its condensed consolidated balance sheets for these indemnification provisions.

In addition to the foregoing, the Company maintains director and officer insurance, which may cover certain liabilities arising from its obligation to indemnify its directors and officers.

8. Stock Plans

(a) 2003 Stock Plan

During 2003, the Board of Directors adopted the 2003 Stock Plan (the “2003 Plan”), which allowed for the grant of both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options and the direct award or sale of shares of the Company’s common stock (including restricted common stock) to officers, employees, directors, consultants and other key persons. In connection with the Company’s initial public offering, which was completed in November 2011, the Board of Directors determined not to grant any further awards under the 2003 Plan upon completion of the public offering.  The 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) replaced the 2003 Plan in November 2011.  Under the 2003 Plan, incentive stock options could have been granted to employees with exercise prices of no less than the fair value of the common stock on the grant date, and non-qualified options could have been granted to employees, directors, or consultants at exercise prices of no less than 85% of the fair value of the common stock on the grant date, as determined by the Board of Directors. If, at the time the Company granted an option, the optionee directly or by attribution owned stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, the option price had to have been at least 110% of the fair value. Options granted under the 2003 Plan generally expire no later than ten years from the date of grant and, in general, vest four years from the date of grant.

(b) 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan

In September 2011, the Board of Directors adopted the 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) which was subsequently approved by the Company’s stockholders. The 2011 Plan replaced the 2003 Plan and the Company no longer grants awards under the 2003 Plan. The Company initially reserved a total of 1,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2011 Plan. In addition, 955,568 reserved but unissued shares under the 2003 Stock Plan were added to the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2011 Plan. The 2011 Plan also provided that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the plan would automatically increase each January 1, beginning in 2012 and ending in 2015, by 4% of the outstanding number of shares of common stock on the immediately preceding December 31. The last automatic increase occurred on January 1, 2015.  

The 2011 Plan permits the granting of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), stock appreciation rights, restricted shares of common stock and performance share awards. The exercise price of stock options may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted pursuant to the 2011 Plan generally expire no later than ten years from the date of grant. The Company also grants RSUs, which generally vest over either a four-year period with 25% vesting at the end of one year and the remainder vesting quarterly thereafter or they completely vest at the end of a three-year period. Additionally, from time to time the Company grants performance-based RSUs to its executives and employees.

(c) 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In September 2011, the Board of Directors adopted the 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) which was subsequently approved by the Company’s stockholders. The ESPP took effect on November 8, 2011, the effective date of the registration statement for the Company’s initial public offering. The ESPP permits eligible employees to acquire shares of the

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Company’s common stock by accumulating funds through periodic payroll deductions of up to 15% of base salary. Each offering period may run for no more than 24 months and consist of no more than five purchase periods. The purchase price for shares of the Company’s common stock purchased under the ESPP will be 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first day of the offering period or the last trading day of the applicable purchase period within that offering period.

The Company initially reserved a total of 500,000 shares of common stock for future issuance under the ESPP. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP increases automatically on January 1 of each of the first eight years commencing in 2012 by the number of shares equal to 1% of the Company’s total outstanding shares as of the immediately preceding December 31. The Board of Directors or compensation committee may reduce the amount of the increase in any particular year. No more than 20,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the ESPP and no other shares may be added to the ESPP without the approval of the Company’s stockholders. On January 1, 2016, the share reserve under the 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan was automatically increased by 318,371 shares.

(d) Inducement Stock Option Plan and Agreement and Inducement Restricted Stock Unit Plan and Agreement

In August 2014 and August 2015, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors adopted an Inducement Stock Option Plan and Agreement (the “Inducement Option Plan”) and an Inducement Restricted Stock Unit Plan and Agreement (the “Inducement RSU Plan”), in each case created as employment inducement awards. In accordance with the terms of the Inducement Option Plans, the Company issued options to purchase up to 290,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the dates of grant of the options. The options, which will have a ten-year term, will vest at the rate of 25% of the shares on each of the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date with an additional 6.25% of the shares subject to the option vesting each quarter thereafter so long as the participant has not been terminated. In accordance with the terms of the Inducement RSU Plans, the Company issued RSUs representing a total of 290,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The RSUs, which will expire following settlement, will vest at the rate of 25% of the shares on each of the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date with an additional 6.25% of the shares subject to the RSU vesting each quarter thereafter so long as the participant has not been terminated.

(e) 2015 Equity Inducement Plan

In October 2015, the Board of Directors adopted the 2015 Equity Inducement Plan, a non-stockholder approved plan that provides for the granting of stock options and RSUs as employment inducement awards and in connection with acquisitions, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws and stock exchange requirements for such plans.  The Company has reserved 100,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2015 Equity Inducement Plan.  No awards have been made under the 2015 Equity Inducement Plan and the entire reserve remains available for grant.  Under the terms of the 2015 Equity Inducement Plan, the exercise price of stock options may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of common stock on the date of grant and generally expire no later than ten years from the date of grant.

(f) Incapsula 2010 Share Incentive Plan

In March 2010, Incapsula’s board of directors adopted the Incapsula 2010 Share Incentive Plan (the “Incapsula Plan”), pursuant to which Incapsula was able to grant to its employees and service providers options to purchase shares of its common stock, restricted shares, or RSUs. As of November 2013, the total number of shares of common stock that could have been granted under the Incapsula Plan was not to exceed 10,263,211 shares in the aggregate, subject to certain adjustments.

In November 2013, the board of directors of Incapsula approved the grant of RSUs for 7,095,461 shares of Incapsula’s common stock (“Incapsula RSUs”). As part of the Incapsula acquisition, the Incapsula RSUs were assumed and replaced by performance-based RSUs for Company Common Stock to be issued to continuing employees of Incapsula. The Incapsula RSUs were earned upon Incapsula’s achievement of revenue targets for Incapsula and Incapsula-related products and services for fiscal year 2014 and were converted into approximately 198,825 shares of Company Common Stock at the same exchange ratio applicable to the shares of Incapsula common stock acquired in the acquisition. In addition to performance conditions, the awards were dependent on the market price of Imperva’s common stock during February 2014, which was deemed a market condition under ASC 718.

The outstanding options and RSUs under the Incapsula 2010 Stock Incentive Plan were assumed as part of the Incapsula acquisition and are equivalent to 247,184 shares of Company common stock on an as-converted basis. The Company does not intend to grant any additional shares under the Incapsula 2010 Stock Incentive Plan.

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Option Activity

The following table summarizes option activity under the Plans and related information:

	Options Outstanding					Weighted- Average Remaining
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) (1)
Balances - January 1, 2016		1,949,089		$	39.27		8.09	$	47,480
Granted		48,260		$	53.59
Exercised or released		(19,474	)	$	30.29
Cancelled or forfeited		(41,422	)	$	43.68
Balances - March 31, 2016		1,936,453		$	39.62		7.86	$	25,732
Vested and expected to vest - March 31, 2016		1,729,309		$	38.72		7.78	$	24,226
Exercisable - March 31, 2016		784,409		$	32.48		6.94	$	14,863

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the closing stock price of $50.50 of the Company’s common stock on March 31, 2016.

RSU Activity

The following table summarizes RSU activity under the Plans and related information:

	Number of Restricted Stock Units Outstanding			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested - January 1, 2016		1,898,025		$	49.53
Granted		704,760		$	51.32
Granted, performance RSUs		273,900		$	51.55
Released		(261,627	)	$	41.73
Cancelled or expired		(61,460	)	$	47.19
Unvested - March 31, 2016		2,553,598		$	51.09

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised under the Plans was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the exercise and the exercise price of each option multiplied by the number of options exercised. As of March 31, 2016, total compensation cost related to unvested stock-based awards granted to employees under the Plans, but not yet recognized, was $115.8 million, net of estimated forfeitures. As of March 31, 2016, this cost will be amortized to expense over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.7 years, and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures. Future stock-based award grants will increase the amount of compensation expense to be recorded in these periods.

There was no capitalized stock-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. Recognized stock-based compensation tax deficiencies (benefits) during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $4,000 and ($43,000), respectively.

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(g) Stock Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense under the 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, 2003 Stock Plan, Inducement Plans, 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and the Incapsula 2010 Share Incentive Plan in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):

	For the three months ended March 31
	2016		2015
Cost of revenue	$	1,393	$	914
Research and development		4,249		3,328
Sales and marketing		5,094		4,465
General and administrative		4,919		3,839
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	15,655	$	12,546

The fair value of stock option grants for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was estimated using the following weighted average assumptions:

	For the three months ended March 31
	2016			2015
Stock option grants:
Dividend rate		0	%		0	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.5	%		1.7	%
Expected term (in years)		6.1			6.1
Expected volatility		58	%		50	%

The fair value of the RSUs is determined using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. Compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each grant adjusted for estimated forfeitures.

(h) Common Stock Subject to Repurchase

In connection with the acquisition of Skyfence in the first quarter of 2014, the Company issued 532,262 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value per share of $59.08 which are subject to forfeiture based upon time-based vesting and continuing employment over the term of the corresponding four-year service period. 236,537 shares were fully vested as of March 31, 2016.  

(i) Follow-On Public Offering

In March 2015, the Company completed a follow-on public offering whereby the Company sold 3,450,000 shares of common stock at a price of $39.00 per share, for aggregate net proceeds of $127.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering costs of approximately $6.7 million.

9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in the balances of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component are as follows (in thousands):

	For the three months ended March 31, 2016
	Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges			Unrealized gain (loss) on investments			Total
Balance at January 1	$	(1,021	)	$	(310	)	$	(1,331	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before    reclassifications		722			169			891
Amounts reclassified to net loss		194			—			194
Change in other comprehensive income (loss)		916			169			1,085
Balance at March 31	$	(105	)	$	(141	)	$	(246	)

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	For the three months ended March 31, 2015
	Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges			Unrealized gain (loss) on investments			Total
Balance at January 1	$	(1,428	)	$	(61	)	$	(1,489	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before    reclassifications		(450	)		44			(406	)
Amounts reclassified to net loss		320			—			320
Change in other comprehensive income (loss)		(130	)		44			(86	)
Balance at March 31	$	(1,558	)	$	(17	)	$	(1,575	)

The following is a summary of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

	For the three months ended March 31, 2016
	Pre-Tax Amount		Tax Expense (Benefit)			After-Tax Amount
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Current period unrealized gain (loss)	$	1,217		(495	)	$	722
Reclassification adjustments 1		194		—			194
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net		1,411		(495	)		916
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments:
Current period unrealized gain (loss)	$	260		(91	)		169
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments:		260		(91	)		169
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	1,671	$	(586	)	$	1,085

	For the three months ended March 31, 2015
	Pre-Tax Amount			Tax Expense (Benefit)		After-Tax Amount
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Current period unrealized gain (loss)	$	(450	)		—	$	(450	)
Reclassification adjustments 1		320			—		320
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net		(130	)		—		(130	)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments:
Current period unrealized gain (loss)	$	44			—		44
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments:		44			—		44
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(86	)	$	—	$	(86	)

1 Refer to note 4 for the affected line items in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

10. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to income tax in the United States as well as other tax jurisdictions in which it conducts business. Earnings from non-U.S. activities are subject to local country income tax. The Company does not provide for federal income taxes on the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as such earnings are to be reinvested indefinitely. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded income tax benefit of $0.1 million and an income tax expense $0.4 million respectively. The income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to an intraperiod tax expense allocation related to unrealized gains reported in other comprehensive income, offset in part, by foreign and state income taxes. The income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was primarily attributable to foreign and state income taxes.

Factors that impact the income tax provision include, but are not limited to, stock-based compensation expense, permanent tax adjustments, foreign operations and a valuation allowance against the Company’s domestic deferred tax assets.

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11. Segment Information

The Company operates its business in one operating segment, which is the development, marketing, sales, service and support of cyber-security solutions that protect business-critical data and applications whether in cloud or on premises. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which separate financial information is available and evaluated by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The chief operating decision maker is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

The Company’s net revenue by geographic region, based on the customer’s location, is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015
Americas	$	34,802	$	26,557
EMEA		14,749		12,202
APAC		10,222		5,998
Total net revenue	$	59,773	$	44,757

The following table presents long-lived assets by location (in thousands):

	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2016		2015
United States	$	14,725	$	9,913
Israel		10,386		10,224
Other		14		18
Total long-lived assets	$	25,125	$	20,155

12. Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of net loss per share for each period, including the number of weighted-average shares outstanding, is shown on the face of the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following outstanding shares of common stock and potential common shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015
Stock options to purchase common stock		1,936,453		2,534,145
Restricted stock units for common stock		2,553,598		2,558,481
Restricted shares of common stock subject to repurchase		—		215,121
Restricted stock issued in connection with Skyfence    acquisition		219,969		355,499

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the (1) unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and (2) the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on February 26, 2016. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” or “continue,” and similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified herein, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors,” set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and in our other SEC filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. You should review these risk factors for a more complete understanding of the risks associated with an investment in our securities. We disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

Overview

We are a leader in cyber-security solutions that protect business-critical data and applications whether in the cloud or on premises. Built to keep pace with the evolving threat landscape, our suite of cyber-security offerings are designed to enable organizations to discover data and application assets and vulnerabilities, to protect information wherever it lives and to comply with regulations. Our cyber-security solutions are also designed to fill the gaps left by existing endpoint and network or perimeter security solutions as organizations increasingly adopt “bring your own device” policies and move data and applications to the cloud.

Organizations are facing numerous challenges in providing the visibility and control required to protect business-critical applications and data from attack, theft and fraud from inside and outside the organization. Attacks, whether perpetrated by sophisticated hackers or malicious insiders, continue to increase in sophistication, scale and frequency. Additionally, organizations must comply with increasingly complex regulatory standards enacted to protect business-critical applications and data. Adoption of new technologies and architectures, such as mobile applications, web applications and big data, increases the complexity of, opens access to, and increases the vulnerability of business-critical data and applications. The increasing use of virtualization technologies and cloud delivery models, including unsanctioned, employee-adopted applications, known as “shadow IT,” is forcing organizations to operate outside of the traditional security model. We believe that these challenges are driving the need for cyber-security solutions that protect business-critical applications and data whether in the cloud or on premises.

Our Imperva SecureSphere platform provides database, file and web application security across various physical and virtual systems in data centers, including those in traditional on-premise data centers as well as in private, public and hybrid cloud computing environments. Our Imperva Incapsula product line provides cloud-based website security, denial of service protection and performance solutions that do not require software or hardware changes. Our Imperva Skyfence product line provides visibility into, and control over, cloud and Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) applications, including shadow IT, that are in growing use by enterprises of all sizes. In addition, all of our cloud offerings are designed to protect against the unique threats created as enterprises increasingly shift to deploying their applications and storing their data in the cloud to take advantage of the flexibility and cost-efficiency offered by cloud-based solutions.

We were incorporated as a Delaware corporation in 2002 with the vision of protecting high-value applications and data assets within the enterprise. Since that time we have been investing in our cyber-security solutions to meet the rapidly evolving demands of customers. We shipped our initial web application security and data security products in 2002; in 2006, we expanded our database security product to include compliance features. In 2010, we launched our file security offering. In addition, in 2010, we launched our cloud-based initiatives with ThreatRadar and, in 2011, we introduced our cloud-based offering for mid-market enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses (“SMB”) that we provide through Incapsula, Inc., which was majority owned by us until March 2014 when we acquired the remaining portion of Incapsula that we did not already own in order to more fully integrate their operations with ours. In January 2014, we acquired certain assets and liabilities of Tomium Software, LLC to accelerate our mainframe data security solutions. In February 2014, we acquired Skyfence Networks Ltd. to further our Software as a Service (“SaaS”) delivery models for internally facing corporate applications.

Our research and development efforts are focused primarily on improving and enhancing our existing cyber-security solutions and services, as well as developing new products and services and conducting advanced security research. We conduct our research and development activities in Israel, and we believe this provides us with access to some of the best engineering talent in the security

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industry. As of March 31, 2016, we had 307 employees dedicated to research and development, including our advanced security research group, the Application Defense Center (“ADC”). Our research and development expense was $16.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to $12.7 million for the same period in 2015.

We derive our revenue from sales and licenses of our products and sales of our services. Products and license revenue is generated primarily from sales of perpetual software licenses installed on hardware appliances or virtual appliances for our SecureSphere product line. Services revenue consists of maintenance and support, professional services and training and subscriptions services. A majority of our revenue is derived from customers in the Americas region. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, 58% of our total revenue was generated from the Americas, 25% from Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and 17% from Asia Pacific (“APAC”).

We market and sell our products through a hybrid sales model, which combines a direct touch sales organization and an overlay channel sales team that actively assist our extensive network of channel partners throughout the sales process. We also provide our channel partners with marketing assistance, technical training and support. We primarily sell our products and services through our channel partners, including distributors and resellers, which sell to end-user customers, who we refer to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as our customers. We have a network of over 300 channel partners worldwide, including both resellers and distributors. In 2015, our channel partners originated over 45% of our sales and fulfilled almost 89% of our sales. We work with many of the world’s leading security value-added resellers, and our partners include some of the largest hosting companies for cloud-based deployments.

As of March 31, 2016, we had over 4,700 customers in more than 100 countries. In addition, our solutions are used to protect thousands of organizations through cloud-based deployments with our Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) customers and our managed security service provider (“MSSP”) and hosting partners.

Our net revenue has increased in each of the last three years, growing from $137.8 million in 2013 to $234.3 million in 2015. We have incurred net losses attributable to our stockholders of $24.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and $48.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2015. As of March 31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $230.5 million.

Opportunities, Challenges and Risks

We believe that the growth of our business and our future success are dependent upon many factors, including our ability to maintain our technology leadership, improve our sales and marketing, address the needs of smaller enterprises and compete effectively in the marketplace for cyber-security solutions. While each of these areas presents significant opportunities for us, they also pose important challenges and risks that we must successfully address in order to sustain the growth of our business and improve our results of operations.

Maintain Technology Leadership. As a result of the rise in sophisticated attacks by hackers and malicious insiders, the difficulty in complying with regulations governing business data and the growing complexity of, and open access to, data centers, we believe that enterprises are struggling to provide visibility and control over high-value business applications and data assets that they need to protect. In addition, organizations are increasingly taking advantage of cloud-based services and virtualization technologies, and these new technologies and architectures are increasing the complexity of, and accessibility to, the data center. We believe these challenges are driving the need for a new protection layer positioned closely around the applications and data assets in the data center. We expect that as enterprises recognize the growing risk to high-value business data and the need to comply with increasing regulatory compliance mandates, their spending will increase on solutions designed to control and protect such data. We believe that traditional security and compliance products do not address the evolving needs of enterprises or do not do so adequately, and that this presents us with a large market opportunity. To capitalize on this opportunity, we have introduced and expect that in the future we will need to continue to introduce innovations to our broad business security solutions, including solutions to address cyber-security opportunities that arise as enterprises pursue cloud computing initiatives. We cannot assure you that our products will achieve widespread market acceptance or that we will properly anticipate future customer needs. Moreover, if our products do not satisfy evolving customer requirements, we will not capture the increase in spending that we expect will result from enterprises seeking to secure data across various systems in the data center.

Invest in Sales and Marketing. In order to capitalize on the anticipated increase in spending in the cyber-security market, we will need to continue to invest significant resources to further strengthen our existing relationships with channel partners, extend our global network by adding new channel partners and grow our sales and marketing team. Any investments that we make in our sales and marketing will occur in advance of our experiencing any benefits from such investments, and so it may be difficult for us to determine if we are efficiently allocating our resources in this area. We cannot assure you that the investments that we intend to make to strengthen our sales and marketing efforts will enable us to capitalize on the expected increase in spending in the cyber-security market or result in an increase in revenue or an improvement in our results of operations.

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Address Needs of Smaller Enterprises. As market awareness of the benefits of a comprehensive cyber-security solution increases, we believe there is a significant opportunity to provide cyber-security solutions to smaller enterprises as they confront increasing security threats and compliance mandates. To capitalize on this opportunity, we intend to increase our business with mid-market enterprises and SMBs by expanding our cloud-based service offerings and our distribution channel. We have made, and may in the future continue to make, significant investments in our cloud-based security products to address the business security needs of mid-market enterprises and SMBs. If our cloud-based security products, which are relatively new, fail to gain broad acceptance with mid-market enterprises and SMBs, our revenue growth, results of operations and competitive position in our industry could suffer.

Compete Effectively. We operate in an intensely competitive market that has witnessed significant consolidation in recent years with large companies acquiring many of our competitors. We track our success rate in competitive sales opportunities against certain competitors, some of which generate higher revenues and have greater market capitalizations than we do, and many of which are more established or have greater name recognition within our industry. Based upon our internal tracking of the results of such competitive sales opportunities, we believe that we have historically competed favorably against our larger competitors, and that we have a proven track record of successfully competing against such larger competitors. Nonetheless, some of our larger competitors have numerous advantages, including, but not limited to, greater financial resources, broader product offerings and more established relationships with channel partners and customers. If we are unable to compete effectively for a share of the business security market, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

To date, we have incurred, and continue to incur, losses from operations and net losses. However, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. Further, we expect that, if we successfully execute our business plan and strategy, our loss from operations and our net losses will decline, and that we will reach profitability. Should we need additional cash in the future, we may utilize existing lines of credit, enter into additional lines of credit or raise funds through the sale of equity securities.

Key Metrics of Our Business

We monitor the key financial metrics discussed below to help us evaluate growth trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts and assess operational efficiencies.

Net Revenue. We measure our net revenue to assess the acceptance of our products from our customers, our growth in the markets we serve and to help us establish our strategic and operating plans for future periods. We discuss the components of our net revenue in “—Financial Overview—Net Revenue” below.

Gross Margin. We monitor our gross margin to assess the impact on our current and forecasted financial results from any changes to the pricing and mix of products we are selling to our customers.

Loss from Operations. We track our loss from operations to assess how effectively we are planning and monitoring our operations as well as controlling our operational costs, which are primarily driven by headcount.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments. We evaluate the level of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments to ensure we have sufficient liquidity to fund our operations, including the development of future products and product enhancements and the expansion into new sales channels and territories.

Number of Customers. We believe our customer count is a key indicator of our market penetration, the productivity of our sales organization and the value that our products bring to our customer base. We also believe our existing customers represent significant future revenue opportunities for us.

We discuss for the periods presented revenue, gross margin, the components of loss from operations and number of customers further below under “—Results of Operations”, as applicable, and we discuss our cash and cash equivalents under “—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

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We also believe that deferred revenue and cash flow from operations are key financial metrics for our business. The components of deferred revenue and cash flow from operations, as well as our rationale for monitoring these metrics, are discussed immediately below this table:

	Three months ended or As of March 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands, except number of customers and percentages)
Net revenue	$	59,773		$	44,757
Gross margin		78.3	%		76.9	%
Loss from operations	$	(24,192	)	$	(19,599	)
Total deferred revenue	$	108,055		$	83,683
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	258,745		$	242,737
Net cash provided by operations	$	5,982		$	6,804
Number of customers		4,704			3,935

Deferred Revenue

Our deferred revenue consists of amounts that have been invoiced but that have not yet been recognized as revenue. The majority of our deferred revenue balance consists of the unamortized portion of services revenue from maintenance and support, and subscription contracts. We monitor our deferred revenue balance because it represents a significant portion of revenue to be recognized in future periods. We also assess the increase in our deferred revenue balance plus revenue we recognized in a particular period as a measure of our sales activity for that period. While the change in our deferred revenue and revenue recognized in a given period comprise the majority of our sales activity during that period, they do not constitute the entire sales activity during the period. Our total sales activity also includes sales of products and services for which we have not yet met the criteria to recognize revenue or add such amounts to our deferred revenue balance. Revenue and deferred revenue from these transactions is recognized or recorded in future periods when we have met the required criteria. We discuss for the periods presented deferred revenue further below under “—Results of Operations.”

Net Cash Flow Provided By Operations

We monitor cash flow from operations as a measure of our overall business performance. Our cash flow from operations is driven primarily by sales of our products and licenses and, to a lesser extent, from up-front payments from customers under maintenance and support contracts. Our primary uses of cash in operating activities are for personnel-related expenditures, costs of acquiring the hardware used for our appliances, marketing and promotional expenses and costs related to our facilities. Monitoring cash flow from operations enables us to analyze our financial performance without the non-cash effects of certain items such as depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation expenses, thereby allowing us to better understand and manage the cash needs of our business.

Financial Overview

Net Revenue

We derive our revenue from sales and licenses of our products and sales of our services.

Our net revenue is comprised of the following:

• Products and License Revenue—Product and license revenue is generated from sales of perpetual software licenses installed on hardware appliances or virtual appliances for our SecureSphere product line. Our SecureSphere product line consists of database security, file security and web application security. We offer multiple hardware appliance versions that accompany our software, each with different throughput capacities. Perpetual software license revenue is generated from sales of our appliances, licenses for additional users and add-on software modules. We also generate a small amount of hardware revenue from sales of spares or replacement appliances, demonstration units, third-party OEM units and accessories.

• Services Revenue—Services revenue consists of maintenance and support, professional services and training and subscriptions services. Maintenance and support revenue is generated from support services that are bundled with appliances and add-on software modules. There are three levels of maintenance and support—Standard, Enhanced and Premium—and these are usually offered through agreements for one to three-year terms. Maintenance and support includes major and minor when-and-if available software updates; customer care, which includes our designated support

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engineer and Imperva resident engineer programs; content updates from our advanced security research group, the ADC, and hardware replacement. Professional services revenue consists of fees we earn related to implementation and consulting services we provide our customers. Training services revenue consists of fees we earn related to training customers and partners on the use of our products. Subscription revenue is generated from sales of our cloud-based services. We expect that the services revenue from maintenance and support contracts will continue to grow along with the increase in the size of our installed base. We also expect subscription revenue will increase as our cloud-based services continue to increase.

A majority of our products and services are sold to customers in the Americas, primarily in the United States, however, a significant portion of our revenue is generated from international sales. See Note 11 of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for a discussion of our financial information by geographic region. Our revenue by geographic region is as follows (in thousands):

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015
Americas	$	34,802	$	26,557
EMEA		14,749		12,202
APAC		10,222		5,998
Total net revenue	$	59,773	$	44,757

Cost of Revenue

Our total cost of revenue is comprised of the following:

• Cost of Products and License Revenue—Cost of products and license revenue is comprised primarily of third-party hardware costs and royalty fees. Our cost of products and license revenue also includes personnel costs related to our operations team, shipping costs and write-offs for excess and obsolete inventory.

• Cost of Services Revenue—Cost of services revenue is primarily comprised of personnel costs of our technical support team, our professional consulting services and training teams and our Security Operations Center (“SOC”) team. Cost of services revenue also includes facilities costs, subscription fees and depreciation. We expect that our cost of services revenue will increase in absolute dollars as we increase our headcount.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative expenses and amortization of acquired intangible assets. Personnel costs are the most significant component of our operating expenses and consist of wages, benefits and bonuses and, with regard to the sales and marketing expense, sales commissions. Personnel costs also include stock-based compensation. We expect personnel costs to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we hire new employees to continue to grow our business.

Research and Development

Our research and development is focused on maintaining and improving our existing products and on new product development. A majority of our research and development expenses are comprised of personnel costs and, to a lesser extent, facility costs, hardware prototype costs, laboratory expenses and depreciation. We expense research and development costs as incurred. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to enhance our existing products and develop new products and services that address the emerging market for business security and regulatory compliance.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense is the largest component of our operating expenses and consists primarily of personnel costs, including commissions and travel expenses. Sales and marketing expenses also include costs related to marketing and promotional activities, third-party referral fees, facilities costs and depreciation. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales and marketing efforts worldwide.

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, as well as professional fees, facilities costs and depreciation. General and administrative personnel costs include our executive, finance, purchasing, order entry, human resources, information technology and legal functions. Our professional fees consist primarily of accounting, external legal, information technology and other consulting costs.

Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets

Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists of amortization of intangible assets from the acquisitions of Skyfence and Tomium.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net is comprised of the following items:

• Interest Income—Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. We expect interest income will vary each reporting period depending on our average investment balances during the period and market interest rates.

• Interest Expense—Interest expense consists of interest accrued or paid on debt obligations.

• Foreign Currency Forward Contract Gains (Losses)—Foreign currency forward contract gains and losses pertain to the ineffective portion of derivative instruments designated as hedges that we have entered into primarily to manage our exposure to the variability in expected future expenses resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

• Foreign Currency Exchange Gains (Losses)—Foreign currency exchange gains and losses relate to transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar.

Provision for Income Taxes

We operate in several tax jurisdictions and are subject to taxes in each country or jurisdiction in which we conduct business including the United States and Israel. Earnings from our non-U.S. activities are subject to local country income tax and may be subject to U.S. income tax if such earnings are distributed to the U.S. To date, we have incurred net losses and have recorded insignificant U.S. federal income tax expense. Our tax expense to date relates primarily to foreign income taxes, mainly from our Israeli and United Kingdom activities, and to a lesser extent, state income taxes.

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Results of Operations

The following table is a summary of our condensed consolidated statements of operations in dollars and as a percentage of our total revenue. We have derived the data for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 from our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2016						2015
	Amount			% of Net Revenue			Amount			% of Net Revenue
	(dollars in thousands)
Statement of Operations Data:
Net revenue:
Products and license	$	20,841			34.9		$	17,104			38.2
Services:
Maintenance and support		18,861			31.6			15,048			33.6
Professional services and training		3,435			5.7			3,932			8.8
Subscriptions		16,636			27.8			8,673			19.4
Total services		38,932			65.1			27,653			61.8
Total net revenue		59,773			100.0			44,757			100.0
Cost of revenue:
Products and license		2,184			3.7			1,998			4.5
Services		10,784			18.0			8,332			18.6
Total cost of revenue		12,968			21.7			10,330			23.1
Gross profit		46,805			78.3			34,427			76.9
Operating expenses:
Research and development		16,019			26.8			12,678			28.3
Sales and marketing		40,740			68.2			31,253			69.8
General and administrative		13,886			23.2			9,743			21.8
Amortization of purchased intangibles		352			0.6			352			0.8
Total operating expenses		70,997			118.8			54,026			120.7
Loss from operations		(24,192	)		(40.5	)		(19,599	)		(43.8	)
Other income (expense), net		83			0.1			(80	)		(0.2	)
Loss before (benefit) provision for income taxes		(24,109	)		(40.4	)		(19,679	)		(44.0	)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(102	)		(0.2	)		351			0.8
Net loss	$	(24,007	)		(40.2	)	$	(20,030	)		(44.8	)

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015

	Forthe three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015			Change
	Amount			Amount			Amount			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Net revenue:
Products and license	$	20,841		$	17,104		$	3,737			21.8	%
Percentage of net revenue		34.9	%		38.2	%
Services:
Maintenance and Support		18,861			15,048			3,813			25.3	%
Percentage of net revenue		31.6	%		33.6	%
Professional Services and training		3,435			3,932			(497	)		-12.6	%
Percentage of net revenue		5.7	%		8.8	%
Subscriptions		16,636			8,673			7,963			91.8	%
Percentage of net revenue		27.8	%		19.4	%
Total Services		38,932			27,653			11,279			40.8	%
Percentage of net revenue		65.1	%		61.8	%
Total net revenue	$	59,773		$	44,757		$	15,016			33.6	%
Americas	$	34,802		$	26,557		$	8,245			31.0	%
Percentage of net revenue		58.2	%		59.3	%
EMEA		14,749			12,202			2,547			20.9	%
Percentage of net revenue		24.7	%		27.3	%
APAC		10,222			5,998			4,224			70.4	%
Percentage of net revenue		17.1	%		13.4	%
Total net revenue	$	59,773		$	44,757		$	15,016			33.6	%

Our net revenue increased by $15.0 million, or 33.6%, to $59.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $44.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015. This revenue growth reflects the increasing demand for our product and service offerings, especially in the subscription service line mostly due to strong cloud-based security services and ThreatRadar sales. We had 118 orders exceeding $100,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2016, from 91 orders during the three months ended March 31, 2015.

The Americas region contributed the largest portion of this growth with a $8.2 million increase, or approximately a 31.0% change over the same period in 2015. The revenue growth in the Americas region in the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015 was principally due to increasing demand for our product and service offerings as well as improved sales execution in the Americas region. In addition, an increase in sales volume of our products, increase in our international sales personnel and improved sales execution contributed to increases in revenue in both APAC and EMEA.

Products and license revenue increased by $3.7 million, to $20.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $17.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015. The change in product and license revenue was primarily due to an increase of $3.0 million in the APAC region and an increase of $1.7 million in the Americas region offset by a decrease of $1.0 million in the EMEA region during the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase in APAC and Americas regions was primarily due to increased sales volume of our products, increased headcount and improved sales execution. The decrease in the EMEA region product and license revenue was primarily due to sales execution challenges in the EMEA region.

Services revenue increased by $11.3 million, to $38.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $27.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, our services revenue was comprised of $18.9 million in maintenance and support, $3.4 million in professional services and training and $16.6 million in subscriptions. The change in services revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2016 from the three months ended March 31, 2015 was primarily due to an increase of $8.0 million in subscriptions revenue resulting from our cloud-based security services and our ThreatRadar offering, in addition to an increase of $3.8 million in maintenance and support revenue from our larger installed base in all regions. The decrease in professional services and training of $0.5 million was primarily due to timing of projects and seasonality.

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Gross Profit

	Forthe three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
	Amount			Amount			% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Products and license gross profit	$	18,657		$	15,106
Gross Margin %		89.5	%		88.3	%		1.2
Services gross profit		28,148			19,321
Gross Margin %		72.3	%		69.9	%		2.4
Total gross profit	$	46,805		$	34,427
		78.3	%		76.9	%		1.4

Total gross margin increased 1.4 percentage points to 78.3% during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from 76.9% during the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily due to an increase in services gross margin of 2.4% to 72.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 from 69.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The services gross margin increase was primarily attributable to higher subscription, maintenance and support revenues which better leveraged the internal cost structure to support these services during three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to the 2015 period. Products and license gross margin increased 1.2% to 89.5% during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from 88.3% during the three months ended March 31, 2015. The products and license gross margin increase was primarily attributable to increased sales of higher throughput appliances, which generally have higher gross margins.

Operating Expenses

	Forthe three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015			Change
	Amount			Amount			Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	16,019		$	12,678		$	3,341		26.4	%
Percentage of net revenue		26.8	%		28.3	%
Sales and marketing		40,740			31,253			9,487		30.4	%
Percentage of net revenue		68.2	%		69.8	%
General and administrative		13,886			9,743			4,143		42.5	%
Percentage of net revenue		23.2	%		21.8	%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		352			352			—		0.0	%
Percentage of net revenue		0.6	%		0.8	%
Total operating expenses	$	70,997		$	54,026		$	16,971		31.4	%

Results above include stock-based compensation expense of:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2016		2015		Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	4,249	$	3,328	$	921
Sales and marketing		5,094		4,465		629
General and administrative		4,919		3,839		1,080

Research and development expenses increased by $3.3 million, or 26.4%, to $16.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $12.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015. The change was primarily attributable to an increase of $2.8 million in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, primarily due to additional research and development personnel being hired to support our ongoing product development efforts.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $9.5 million, or 30.4%, to $40.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $31.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015. The change was principally related to an increase of $6.0 million in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation and contractor costs, due to increased headcount in all regions in

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an effort to help drive our overall revenue growth. We also incurred increases in direct sales expenses and travel costs totaling $3.1 million relating to the increased headcount and expenses from our annual sales kick-off event.

General and administrative expenses increased by $4.2 million, or 42.5%, to $13.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $9.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015. The change was primarily due to an increase of $3.1 million in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, to build out our corporate level functions to support global growth. We also incurred an increase in professional fees of $0.4 million, and additional travel costs totaling $0.2 million related to the increased headcount.

Amortization of purchased intangibles were consistent during the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015.

Loss from Operations

For the three months ended March 31,						Change
2016			2015			Amount			%
(dollars in thousands)
$	(24,192	)	$	(19,599	)	$	(4,593	)		-23.4	%

Our loss from operations increased by $4.6 million, or 23.4%, to $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $19.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Our gross profit increased by $12.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to higher net revenues and changes in product mix. This improvement was offset by an increase in total operating expenses of $17.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 when compared to the prior year period principally due to increases in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation expense, to support the increase in scope and global reach of our business. The increase in operating expenses was comprised of increased sales and marketing costs of $9.5 million to expand our global sales efforts, an increase in general and administrative costs of $4.2 million related to increased headcount and an increase of $3.3 million of research and development costs to support our ongoing product development efforts.

Other Income (Expense), net

For the three months ended March 31,					Change
2016		2015			Amount		%
(dollars in thousands)
$	83	$	(80	)	$	163		203.8	%

Other income (expense), net, changed by $163 during the three months ended March 31, 2016  when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily due to an increase in interest income from short-term investments.

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes

	Forthe three months ended March 31,						Change
	2016			2015			Amount			%
	(dollars in thousands)
(Benefit) Provision for income taxes	$	(102	)	$	351		$	(453	)		-129.1	%
Effective tax rate		0.4	%		(1.8	)%

The Company recorded income tax benefit of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and an income tax expense of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to deferred tax benefit associated with unrealized gains offset by foreign and state income taxes. The income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was primarily attributable to foreign and state income taxes.

Deferred Revenue

	As of March 31,				Change
	2016		2015		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Total deferred revenue	$	108,055	$	83,683	$	24,372		29.1	%

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Deferred revenue increased by $24.4 million, or 29.1%, to $108.1 million as of March 31, 2016 from $83.7 million as of March 31, 2015. The growth in our deferred revenue was primarily attributable to an increase in our installed base of products and licenses worldwide and resulting renewals of maintenance and support agreements, as well as new sales of maintenance and support, and subscription agreements.

Number of Customers

	As of March 31,				Change
	2016		2015		Amount		%
Number of customers		4,704		3,935		769		19.5	%

Our number of customers increased by 769, or 19.5%, to 4,704 as of March 31, 2016 from 3,935 as of March 31, 2015. Our growth in customer count was driven by increasing market acceptance of our products as well as an increase in our global sales and services and support organizations from 345 people as of March 31, 2015 to 449 as of March 31, 2016. The growth in our sales and services and support organizations was consistent with our plans to continue expanding our global sales and support coverage, in particular for our channel partner sales and support teams. The increase in our services and support organization allowed us to target new customers while continuing to support our existing customers across all of our geographies.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

To date, we have satisfied our capital and liquidity needs through sales of our products and services, our initial and follow-on public offerings of common stock, and private placements of convertible preferred stock. We have incurred significant losses as we continue to expand our business. Our cash flows from operating activities will continue to be affected principally by the extent to which our revenue exceeds or does not exceed any increase in spending on personnel to support the growth of our business. Our largest source of operating cash flow is cash collections from our customers.

Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2016, we had $258.8 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, $7.2 million of which is currently held outside of the United States and not presently available to fund domestic operations and obligations. If we were to repatriate cash held outside of the United States, it could be subject to U.S. income taxes on such amounts, less any previously paid foreign income taxes. Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments have increased from $17.7 million as of December 31, 2010 to $264.8 million as of December 31, 2015 and to $258.8 million as of March 31, 2016. The largest increases were upon our initial public offering of common stock in November 2011 in which we raised $86.2 million, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and offering expenses and our follow-on public offering of common stock in March 2015 in which we raised $127.9 million, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and offering costs. We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned and will depend on many factors, including, among other things, market acceptance of our products, the cost of our research and development activities, the acquisition of other businesses and overall economic conditions.

As of March 31, 2016, we had no amounts outstanding under our credit facility agreement with a financial institution. The credit facility agreement, as amended, provides for borrowing capacity up to $7.5 million and contains a minimum cash and cash equivalents balance covenant of $3.0 million. The credit facility expires on April 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2016, we were compliant with the covenant of the credit facility.

Cash Flows

The following summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated has been derived from our consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

	Forthe three months ended March 31,
	2016			2015
	(dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	5,982		$	6,804
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(6,792	)	$	(5,677	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(8,923	)	$	127,378

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our largest uses of cash from operating activities are for employee related expenditures. Our primary source of cash flow from operating activities is cash receipts from customers. Our cash flow from operations will continue to be affected principally by the extent to which we grow our revenues and increase our headcount, primarily in our sales and marketing and research and development functions, in order to grow our business.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 reflected a net loss of $24.0 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $17.5 million primarily due to stock-based compensation expense, as well as a net change of $12.5 million in our net operating assets and liabilities. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of a decrease in our accounts receivable of $17.3 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 reflected a net loss of $20.0 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $14.0 million primarily due to stock-based compensation expense, as well as a net change of $12.8 million in our net operating assets and liabilities. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of a decrease in our accounts receivable of $14.1 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our investing activities consist primarily of purchases and sales of short-term investments and expenditures of purchase property and equipment. Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $6.8 million, primarily resulting from purchases of short-term investments of $26.3 million and capital expenditures of $3.4 million offset by net proceeds from the maturities of short-term investments of $22.9 million.

Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $5.7 million, primarily resulting from purchases of short-term investments of $22.8 million, offset by net proceeds from the maturity of short-term investments of $18.2 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 primarily as a result of settlement of holdback liability as part of the consideration in connection with the acquisition of SkyFence Networks Ltd.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $127.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily as a result of net proceeds from our follow-on public offering.

Contractual Obligations

The following summarizes our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2016:

	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations:	2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		Thereafter		Total
	(in thousands)
Operating lease obligations (1)	$	5,214	$	7,221	$	7,524	$	4,603	$	4,222	$	124	$	28,908
Severance Pay Fund (2)		—		—		—		—		—		—		5,454
Purchase commitments (3)		6,118		—		—		—		—		—	$	6,118
Total	$	11,332	$	7,221	$	7,524	$	4,603	$	4,222	$	124	$	40,480

1 Operating lease agreements represent our obligations to make payments under our non-cancelable lease agreements for our facilities. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we made regular lease payments of $1.3 million under the operating lease agreements.

2 Our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2016 includes $5.5 million of non-current liabilities for our Israeli severance pay fund. The specific timing of any cash payments relating to this obligation cannot be projected with reasonable certainty and, therefore, no amounts for this obligation are included in the annual columns of the table set forth above.

3 Purchase commitments are contractual obligations to purchase hardware appliances and related component parts from our vendors in advance of anticipated sales, generally within nine months from the date the inventory arrived at the vendor’s warehouse.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Through March 31, 2016, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires our management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the applicable periods. Management bases its estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that they believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Different assumptions and judgments would change the estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, which, in turn, could change the results from those reported. Our management evaluates its estimates, assumptions and judgments on an ongoing basis.

We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, long-lived assets, and accounting for income taxes have the greatest potential impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Historically, our estimates, assumptions and judgments relative to our critical accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results. The critical accounting estimates associated with these policies are described in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the FASB Issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The updated guidance changes how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payment awards to employees, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017, with early application permitted. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) that will supersede current guidance related to accounting for leases. The guidance is intended to increase transparency and comparability amount organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The standard is required to be adopted using the modified retrospective approach. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09—Revenue (Topic 606): Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU No. 2014-09 will replace most existing U.S. GAAP guidance on this topic. The new revenue recognition standard provides a unified model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral of the effective date for the new revenue reporting standard for entities reporting under U.S. GAAP. In accordance with the deferral, this guidance will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018 and can be applied either retrospectively to each period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting standard on its consolidated financial statements and has not selected a transition method.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no significant changes in our market risk exposures during the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to the market risk exposures disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, set forth in Part II, Item 7A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation and supervision of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Based on the aforementioned evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that as of March 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable assurance level and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and that such controls and procedures provide reasonable assurance that the financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes are reliably prepared and reported in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Regulations under the Exchange Act require public companies, including our company, to evaluate any change in our “internal control over financial reporting” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. In connection with their evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer did not identify any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months covered by this Quarterly Report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business.

On April 11, 2014, a purported shareholder class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against us and certain of our current and former officers. On August 7, 2014, the Court entered an order appointing lead plaintiff and counsel for the purported class. The lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on October 10, 2014. The lawsuit named us and certain of our current and former officers and purported to bring suit on behalf of those investors who purchased our publicly traded securities between May 2, 2013 and April 9, 2014. The plaintiff alleged that defendants made false and misleading statements about our operations and business and financial results and purported to assert claims for violations of the federal securities laws. The amended complaint sought unspecified compensatory damages, interest thereon, costs incurred in the action and equitable/injunctive or other relief. On January 6, 2015, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On September 17, 2015, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss with leave to amend. The lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on January 13, 2016, again naming the same current and former officers, alleging false and misleading statements about our operations and business and financial results, and seeking the same relief.  On February 10, 2016, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. That motion is pending.

On June 27, 2014, a purported shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the Court of Chancery for the State of Delaware against us (as a nominal defendant), and naming certain of our officers and directors as individual defendants. The lawsuit relates to the acquisition of Skyfence Networks, Ltd. and the complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment, and seeks to recover unspecified compensatory damages allegedly sustained by us, corporate reforms, the recovery of plaintiffs’ attorney’s fees and other relief. On September 23, 2014, we and the individual defendants moved to dismiss the action. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on November 6, 2014. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on January 14, 2015.  On September 2, 2015, the Court granted the motion to dismiss with prejudice. Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Delaware on October 1, 2015. Following briefing and oral argument, the Supreme Court of Delaware issued an order on March 11, 2016, affirming the Court of Chancery’s decision dismissing the case with prejudice.

In addition, we have received, and may in the future continue to receive, claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights. Future litigation may be necessary to defend ourselves, our channel partners and our customers by determining the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish our proprietary rights.

Further, the ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain and, regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense costs, potential negative publicity, diversion of management resources and other factors. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that existing or future legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business or otherwise will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business

We have a history of losses, we may not become profitable and our revenue growth may not continue.

We have incurred net losses in each fiscal year since our inception, including net losses attributable to our stockholders of $25.2 million in 2013, $59.0 million in 2014, $48.9 million in 2015 and $24.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016. As a result, we had an accumulated deficit of $230.5 million at March 31, 2016. We may not become profitable in the future if we fail to increase revenue and manage our expenses, or if we incur unanticipated liabilities. Revenue growth may slow or revenue may decline for a number of possible reasons, including slowing demand for our products or services, increasing competition, a decrease in the growth of, or decline in, our overall market, or our failure to capitalize on growth opportunities or introduce new products and services. In addition, we have incurred, and anticipate that we will continue to incur, significant legal, accounting and other expenses relating to being a public company. If our revenues do not increase at a rate to proportionally offset these expected increases in operating expenses, our operating margins will suffer. Further, in future periods, our revenues could decline and, accordingly, we may not be able to achieve profitability and our losses may increase. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a consistent basis. Any failure by us to achieve, maintain or increase profitability and continue our revenue growth could cause the price of our common stock to materially decline.

Our quarterly operating results are likely to vary significantly and to be unpredictable, which could cause the trading price of our stock to decline.

Our revenues and operating results could vary significantly from period to period as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our revenues and operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. We may not be able to accurately predict our future revenues or results of operations. We base our current and future expense levels on our operating plans and sales forecasts, and our operating costs are relatively fixed in the short-term. As a result, we may not be able to reduce our costs sufficiently to compensate for an unexpected shortfall in revenues, and even a small shortfall in revenues could disproportionately and adversely affect financial results for that quarter. In addition, we recognize revenues from sales to some customers or resellers when cash is received, which may be delayed because of issues with those customers or resellers. If our revenues or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or any securities analysts that cover our stock, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.

In addition to other risk factors listed in this section, factors that may individually or cumulatively affect our operating results from period to period include:

• the level of demand for our products and services, and the timing of orders from our channel partners and customers;

• the timing of sales and shipments of products during a quarter, which may depend on many factors such as inventory and logistics and our ability to ship new products on schedule and accurately forecast inventory requirements;

• the mix of products sold, the mix of revenue between products and services, including subscription services, and the degree to which products and services are bundled and sold together for a package price;

• the budgeting, procurement and work cycles of our customers, which may result in seasonal variation as our business and the market for solutions such as ours mature;

• changes in customer renewal rates for our services;

• general economic conditions, both domestically and in our foreign markets, and economic conditions specifically affecting industries in which our customers participate;

• the timing of satisfying revenue recognition criteria for our sales, including shipping and delivery terms, particularly where we accrue the associated commission expense in a different period, which may be affected by the extent to which we bring on new resellers and distributors and our ability to establish vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value, or VSOE, for new products and maintain VSOE for maintenance and services;

• future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies; and

• increases or decreases in our expenses caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, since a significant portion of our expenses are incurred and paid in the Israeli shekel and other currencies besides the U.S. dollar.

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Reliance on a concentration of shipments at the end of the quarter could cause our revenue to fall below expected levels, resulting in a decline in our stock price.

Historically, we have received a significant majority of a quarter’s sales orders and generated a significant majority of a quarter’s revenue during the last two weeks of the quarter. The fact that so many orders arrive at the end of a quarter means that our revenue may move from one quarter to the next if we cannot fulfill all of the orders and satisfy all of the revenue recognition criteria under our accounting policies before the quarter ends.

This pattern is a result of customer buying habits and the efforts of our sales force and channel partners to meet or exceed quarterly quotas. If expected revenue at the end of any quarter is delayed because anticipated purchase orders fail to materialize, our logistics partners fail to ship or deliver products on time, we fail to manage our inventory properly, we fail to release new products on schedule, or for any other reason, then our revenue for that quarter could fall below our expectations or those of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in our stock price.

We rely on third party channel partners to generate a significant portion, and to fulfill a substantial majority, of our revenue, and if we fail to expand and manage our distribution channels, our revenues could decline and our growth prospects could suffer.

Historically our channel partners have originated more than 45%, and fulfilled approximately 85% or more, of our revenue, and we expect that channel sales will represent a substantial portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Our ability to expand our distribution channels depends in part on our ability to educate our channel partners about our products and services, which are often complex. Our agreements with our channel partners are generally non-exclusive and many of our channel partners have more established relationships with our competitors. If our channel partners choose to place greater emphasis on products and services of their own or those offered by our competitors, our ability to grow our business and sell our products may be adversely affected. If our channel partners do not effectively market and sell our products and services, or if they fail to meet the needs of our customers, then our ability to grow our business and sell our products may be adversely affected. The loss of one or more of our larger channel partners, who may cease marketing our products with limited or no notice, and our possible inability to replace them could adversely affect our sales. Our failure to recruit additional channel partners, or any reduction or delay in their sales of our products and services or conflicts between channel sales and our direct sales and marketing activities could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We face intense competition, especially from larger, better-known companies and we may lack sufficient financial or other resources to maintain or improve our competitive position.

The market for cyber-security products is intensely competitive and we expect competition to intensify in the future. Our competitors include companies such as Akamai Technologies, Inc., F5 Networks, Inc., International Business Machines Corporation (“IBM”), Intel Security group of Intel Corporation (“Intel”), Oracle Corporation (“Oracle”), Symantec Corporation and other point solution security vendors.

Many of our existing and potential competitors may have substantial competitive advantages such as:

• greater name recognition and longer operating histories;

• larger sales and marketing budgets and resources and the capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products;

• broader, deeper or otherwise more well-established relationships with customers and potential customers;

• broader distribution networks and more established relationships with distributors;

• wider geographic presence;

• access to larger customer bases;

• greater customer support resources;

• greater resources to make acquisitions;

• greater resources to develop and introduce products that compete with our products;

• lower labor and development costs; and

• substantially greater financial, technical and other resources.

As a result, they may be able to adapt more quickly and effectively to new or emerging technologies and changing opportunities, standards or customer requirements. In addition, these companies could reduce the price of their competing products, resulting in intensified pricing pressures within the markets in which we compete. Further, some of our larger competitors have substantially

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broader product offerings and leverage their relationships based on other products or incorporate functionality into existing products in a manner that discourages customers from purchasing our products. Our competitors may offer a bundled product offering, and our customers may elect to accept this offering from our competitors, even if it has more limited functionality than our product offering, instead of adding the additional appliances required to implement our offering. The consolidation in our industry, such as IBM’s acquisition of Guardium, Inc., Oracle’s acquisition of Secerno, Ltd. and Intel’s acquisition of McAfee, Inc., increases the likelihood of competition based on integration or bundling, particularly where our competitors’ products and offerings are effectively integrated, and we believe that consolidation in our industry may increase the competitive pressures we face on all our products and services. If we are unable to sufficiently differentiate our products and services from the integrated or bundled products of our competitors, such as by offering enhanced functionality, performance or value, we may see a decrease in demand for those products or services, which would adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Further, it is possible that continued industry consolidation may impact customers’ perceptions of the viability of smaller or even medium-sized software firms and consequently customers’ willingness to purchase from such firms. Similarly, if customers seek to concentrate their software purchases in the product portfolios of a few large providers, or have already deployed products that are similar to ours, we may be at a competitive disadvantage notwithstanding the superior performance that we believe our products and services can deliver. Larger competitors are also often in a better position to withstand any significant reduction in capital spending by customers, and will therefore not be as susceptible to economic downturns.

Also, many of our smaller competitors that specialize in providing protection from a single type of cyber-security threat may deliver these specialized cyber-security products to the market more quickly than we can or may introduce innovative new products or enhancements before we do. Conditions in our markets could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements.

We may not compete successfully against our current or potential competitors. Companies competing with us may introduce products that have greater performance or functionality, are easier to implement or use, or incorporate technological advances that we have not yet developed or implemented. Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources. In addition, companies competing with us may price their products more competitively than ours, or have an entirely different pricing or distribution model. Increased competition could result in fewer customer orders, price reductions, reduced operating margins and loss of market share. Further, we may be required to make substantial additional investments in research, development, marketing and sales in order to respond to such competitive threats, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully in the future.

We operate in an evolving market that has not yet reached widespread adoption and where new or existing technologies that may be perceived to address the risks in different ways could gain wide adoption and supplant some or all of our products and services, making analysis of trends or predictions about our business difficult and potentially weakening our sales and our financial results.

We operate in new, rapidly evolving categories in the security industry that focus on securing our customers’ business-critical data and applications. We offer database, file and web application security in an integrated, modular cyber-security solution. Because we depend in part on the market’s acceptance of our products and customers may choose to acquire technologies that are not directly comparable to ours, it is difficult to evaluate trends that may affect our business, including how large the cyber-security market will be and what products customers will adopt. For example, organizations that use other security products, such as network firewalls, security information and event management products or data loss prevention solutions, may believe that these security solutions sufficiently protect access to sensitive data. Therefore, they may continue to devote their IT security budgets to these products and may not adopt our cyber-security solutions in addition to such products. If customers do not recognize the benefits that our cyber-security solutions offer in addition to other security products, then our revenue may not grow as anticipated or may decline, and our stock price could decline.

The introduction of products and services embodying new technologies could render some or all of our existing products and services obsolete or less attractive to customers. Other cyber-security technologies exist or could be developed in the future, and our business could be materially adversely affected if such technologies are widely adopted. We may not be able to successfully anticipate or adapt to changing technology or customer requirements on a timely basis, or at all. Currently less than 30% of our customers have purchased more than one of our database, file and web security product families. Even if customers purchase our products, they may not make repeat purchases or purchase other elements of our SecureSphere, Incapsula or Skyfence product lines, which may be exacerbated by the rapid evolution of our market. If we are unable to sell additional products from multiple product families to our customers, then our revenue may not grow as anticipated or may decline, and our stock price could decline. If we fail to keep up with technological changes or to convince our customers and potential customers of the value of our solutions even in light of new technologies, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, because of our rapidly evolving market, any predictions about our revenue in future periods may not be as accurate as they would be if we operated in a more established market.

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If we do not successfully anticipate market needs and opportunities or changes in the legal, regulatory and industry standard landscape and make timely enhancements to our products and develop new products that meet those needs, we may not be able to compete effectively and our ability to generate revenues will suffer.

The cyber-security market is characterized by rapid technological advances, changes in customer requirements, including changing customer requirements driven by legal, regulatory and self-regulatory compliance mandates, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and evolving industry standards in computer hardware and software technology. Customers and industry analysts expect speedy introduction of software and new functionality to respond to new threats, requirements and risks and we may be unable to meet these expectations. As a result, we must continually improve our products and introduce new solutions in response to changes in operating systems, application software, computer and communications hardware, networking software, data center architectures, programming tools and computer language technology. Moreover, the technology in our products is especially complex because it needs to effectively identify and respond to methods of attack and theft, while minimizing the impact on network, database, file system and web application performance. In addition, our products must successfully interoperate with products from other vendors.

We cannot guarantee that we will be able to anticipate future market needs and opportunities or be able to develop product enhancements or new products to meet such needs or opportunities in a timely manner or at all. Since developing new products or new versions of, or add-ons to, existing products is complex, the timetable for their commercial release is difficult to predict and may vary from our historical experience, which could result in delays in their introduction from anticipated or announced release dates. We may not offer updates as rapidly as new threats affect our customers or our newly developed products or enhancements may have defects, errors or failures. If we do not quickly respond to the rapidly changing and rigorous needs of our customers by developing and introducing on a timely basis new and effective products, upgrades and services that can respond adequately to new security threats, our competitive position, business and growth prospects will be harmed.

Even if we are able to anticipate, develop and commercially introduce enhancements and new products, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in developing sufficient market awareness of them or that such enhancements or new products will achieve widespread market acceptance. For example, while the majority of our current revenues are derived from the sales of our SecureSphere appliances, we also offer cloud-based security services through Incapsula and Skyfence. The market for cloud-based security solutions is relatively new and it is uncertain whether Incapsula’s and Skyfence’s services will gain market acceptance. In addition, diversifying our product offerings will require significant investment and planning, will bring us more directly into competition with software providers that may be better established or have greater resources than we do, will require additional investments of time and resources in the development and training of our channel and strategic partners and will entail a significant risk of failure.

Further, one factor that drives demand for our products and services is the legal, regulatory and industry standard framework in which our customers operate, which we expect will continue to be a factor for the foreseeable future. For example, many of our customers purchase our web application security products to help them comply with the security standards developed and maintained by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (the “PCI Council”), which apply to companies that process or store credit card information. Laws, regulations and industry standards are subject to drastic changes that, particularly in the case of industry standards, may arrive with little or no notice, and these could either help or hurt the demand for our products. If we are unable to adapt our products and services to changing regulatory standards in a timely manner, or if our products fail to assist our customers with their compliance initiatives, our customers may lose confidence in our products and could switch to competing solutions. In addition, if regulations and standards related to cyber-security are changed in a manner that makes them less onerous, our customers may view government and industry regulatory compliance as less critical to their businesses, and our customers may purchase fewer of our products and services, or none at all. In either case, our sales and financial results would suffer.

Real or perceived errors, failures or bugs in our products, particularly those that result in our customers experiencing security breaches, could adversely affect our reputation and business could be harmed.

Our products and services are very complex and have contained and may contain undetected defects or errors, especially when first introduced or when new versions are released. Defects in our products may impede or block network traffic or cause our products or services to fail to help secure business-critical data and applications. Defects in our products may lead to product returns and require us to implement design changes or software updates.    Any defects or errors in our products, or the perception of such defects or errors, could result in:

• expenditure of significant financial and product development resources in efforts to analyze, correct, eliminate or work around errors or defects;

• loss of existing or potential customers or channel partners;

• delayed or lost revenue;

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• delay or failure to attain market acceptance;

• delay in the development or release of new products or services;

• negative publicity, which will harm our reputation;

• warranty claims against us, which could result in an increase in our provision for doubtful accounts;

• an increase in collection cycles for accounts receivable or the expense and risk of litigation; and

• harm to our results of operations.

Data thieves are sophisticated, often affiliated with organized crime and operate large scale and complex automated attacks. In addition, their techniques change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target. If we fail to identify and respond to new and complex methods of attack and to update our products to detect or prevent such threats in time to protect our customers’ business-critical data and applications, our business and reputation will suffer.

In addition, many of our customers use our products in applications that are critical to their businesses and may have a greater sensitivity to defects in our products than to defects in other, less critical, software products. An actual or perceived security breach or theft of the business-critical data of one of our customers, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to the failure of our products or services, could adversely affect the market’s perception of our security products. Despite our best efforts, there is no guarantee that our products will be free of flaws or vulnerabilities, and, even if we discover these weaknesses, we may be unable to correct them promptly, if at all. Our customers may also misuse our products, which could result in a breach or theft of business-critical data.

Although we have limitation of liability provisions in our standard terms and conditions of sale, they may not fully or effectively protect us from claims as a result of federal, state or local laws or ordinances or unfavorable judicial decisions in the United States or other countries. The sale and support of our products also entail the risk of product liability claims. We maintain insurance to protect against certain claims associated with the use of our products, but our insurance coverage may not adequately cover all claims asserted against us, or cover only a portion of such claims. In addition, even claims that ultimately are unsuccessful could result in our expenditure of funds in litigation and divert management’s time and other resources.

False detection of security breaches or false identification of malicious sources could adversely affect our business.

Our cyber-security products may falsely detect threats that do not actually exist. For example, our ThreatRadar Reputation Services product relies on information on attack sources aggregated from third-party data providers who monitor global malicious activity originating from anonymous proxies, specific IP addresses, botnets and phishing sites. If the information from these data providers is inaccurate, the potential for false positives increases. These false positives, while typical in the industry, may affect the perceived reliability of our products and may therefore adversely impact market acceptance of our products. If our products and services restrict access to important databases, files or applications based on falsely identifying users or traffic as an attack or otherwise unauthorized, then our customers’ businesses could be adversely effected. Any such false identification of users or traffic could result in negative publicity, loss of customers and sales, increased costs to remedy any problem and costly litigation.

Our success in acquiring and integrating other businesses, products or technologies could impact our financial position.

In order to remain competitive, we may seek to acquire additional businesses, products or technologies, any of which could be material to our business, operating results and financial condition. For example, we acquired assets from Tomium Software, LLC in January 2014, acquired Skyfence Networks Ltd. (“Skyfence”) in February 2014 and acquired the remaining portion of Incapsula that we did not already own in March 2014. The environment for acquisitions in the markets in which we operate is very competitive and acquisition candidate purchase prices will likely exceed what we would prefer to pay, but may be required to pay in order to make an acquisition. Furthermore, we may not find suitable acquisition candidates, and acquisitions we complete may be difficult to successfully integrate into our overall business. Achieving the anticipated benefits of future acquisitions will depend in part upon whether we can integrate acquired operations, products and technology in a timely and cost-effective manner.

Acquisitions involve many risks, including the following:

• an acquisition may negatively impact our results of operations because it:

• may require us to incur charges and substantial debt or liabilities,

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• may cause adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation or deferred compensation charges,

• may result in acquired in-process research and development expenses or in the future may require the amortization, write-down or impairment of amounts related to deferred compensation, goodwill and other intangible assets, or

• may not generate sufficient financial return to offset acquisition costs;

• we may encounter difficulties or unforeseen expenditures in integrating the business, technologies, products, personnel or operations of any company that we acquire, particularly if key personnel of the acquired company decide not to work for us;

• an acquisition and integration process is complex, expensive and time consuming, and may disrupt our ongoing business, divert resources, increase our expenses and distract our management;

• an acquisition may result in a delay or reduction of customer purchases for both us and the company acquired due to customer uncertainty about continuity and effectiveness of service from either company;

• we may encounter difficulties in, or may be unable to, successfully sell any acquired products;

• we may obtain unanticipated or unknown liabilities or become exposed to unanticipated risks in connection with any acquisition; and

• an acquisition may involve the entry into geographic or business markets in which we have little or no prior experience.

If we are unable to effectively execute acquisitions, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business and operations have experienced rapid growth, and if we do not appropriately manage any future growth, or are unable to improve our systems and processes, our operating results will be negatively affected.

We have experienced rapid growth over the last several years. For example, we grew from 580 employees as of December 31, 2013, to 723 employees as of December 31, 2014, to 923 employees as of December 31, 2015 and then to 1013 employees as of March 31, 2016. This growth has placed, and will continue to place, a strain on our employees, management systems and other resources. Managing our growth has required, and will continue to require, significant expenditures and allocation of valuable management resources. We rely heavily on information technology systems to help manage critical functions, such as order processing, revenue recognition, financial forecasts and inventory and supply chain management. To manage any future growth effectively, we must continue to improve our information technology and financial infrastructure, operating and administrative systems and controls, and continue to manage headcount, capital and processes in an efficient manner. We may not be able to successfully implement improvements to these systems and processes in a timely manner.

In addition, we rely heavily on hosted SaaS technologies from third parties in order to operate critical functions of our business, including enterprise resource planning services from NetSuite Inc. and customer relationship management services from salesforce.com, inc. If these services become unavailable due to extended outages or interruptions or because they are no longer available on commercially reasonable terms or prices, our expenses could increase, our ability to manage our finances could be interrupted and our processes for managing sales of our products and services and supporting our customers could be impaired until equivalent services, if available, are identified, obtained and integrated; all of which could harm our business. Also, our systems and processes may not prevent or detect all errors, omissions or fraud. Our failure to improve our systems and processes, or their failure to operate in the intended manner, may result in our inability to manage the growth of our business and to accurately forecast our revenue, expenses and earnings, or to prevent certain losses. Our productivity and the quality of our products and services may also be adversely affected if we do not integrate and train our new employees quickly and effectively. Any future growth would add complexity to our organization and require effective coordination across our organization. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as it grows or otherwise fail to manage any future growth effectively, we could incur increased costs, and experience a loss of customer and investor confidence in our internal systems and processes, any of which could result in harm to our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we are unable to hire, retain and motivate qualified personnel, our business would suffer.

We depend on the continued contributions of our senior management and other key employees to execute on our business plan, and to identify and pursue new opportunities and product innovations. The loss of services of senior management or other key employees, particularly Anthony Bettencourt, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Amichai Shulman, one of our founders and our Chief Technology Officer, could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our development and strategic objectives.

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Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled technical, managerial, finance and other personnel, particularly in our sales and marketing, research and development and professional service departments. Any of our employees may terminate their employment at any time. Competition for highly skilled personnel is frequently intense, globally for sales personnel, as well as in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Tel Aviv, Israel, the locations in which we have a substantial presence and need for highly-skilled personnel. We may be unable to attract and retain suitably qualified individuals who are capable of meeting our growing technical, operational and managerial requirements, on a timely basis or at all, and we may be required to pay increased compensation in order to do so. If we are unable to attract and retain the qualified personnel we need to succeed, our business will suffer.

Volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. Employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares or RSUs they hold have declined in value or if the exercise prices of the options that they hold exceed the market price of our common stock. If we are unable to retain our employees, our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed.

Delays or interruptions in the manufacturing and delivery of SecureSphere appliances by our sole source manufacturer may harm our business.

Our hardware appliances are built by a single manufacturer. Our reliance on a sole manufacturer, particularly a foreign manufacturer, involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of appliances and limited control over pricing, quality and timely delivery of products. In addition, replacing this manufacturer may be difficult and could result in an inability or delay in obtaining products. As a result, we may be unable to fulfill customer orders and our operating results may fluctuate from period to period, particularly if a disruption occurs near the end of a fiscal period.

Our manufacturer’s ability to timely manufacture and ship our appliances in large quantities depends on a variety of factors. The manufacturer relies on a limited number of sources for the supply of functional components, such as semiconductors, printed circuit boards and hard disk drives. Functional component supply shortages or delays could prevent or delay the manufacture and shipment of appliances and, in the event of shortages or delays, we may not be able to procure alternative functional components on similar pricing terms, if at all. In addition, contractual restrictions or claims for infringement of intellectual property rights may restrict our manufacturer’s use of certain components. These restrictions or claims may require our manufacturer to utilize alternative components or obtain additional licenses or technologies, and may impede its ability to manufacture and deliver appliances on a timely or cost-effective basis. If at some point, the manufacturer is no longer financially viable, we may lose our source of supply with little or no notice or recourse. Further, even if quality products are timely manufactured, delays in shipping may occur, resulting in delayed satisfaction of a primary revenue recognition criterion.

In the event of an interruption from this manufacturer or any quality control issues with this manufacturer, we may be unable to develop alternate or secondary sources in a timely manner. If we are unable to procure our appliances in quantities sufficient to meet our requirements, we will not be able to deliver products to our channel partners and customers, which would materially and adversely affect present and future sales.

A failure to manage excess inventories or inventory shortages could result in decreased revenue and gross margins and harm our business.

We purchase products from our manufacturing partner outside of, and in advance of, reseller or customer orders and hold our products in inventory. If we fail to accurately predict demand and as a result our manufacturer maintains insufficient hardware or component inventory or excess inventory, we may be unable to timely deliver products to our distributors or customers or may have substantial inventory expense. Because our channel partners do not purchase our products in advance of customer orders, our difficulty in accurately forecasting demand for our hardware products may be exacerbated. There is a risk we may incorrectly forecast demand and may be unable to sell excess products ordered from our manufacturing partner. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs, and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices could significantly impair our brand image and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Conversely, if we underestimate demand for our products or if our manufacturing partner fails to supply products we require in a timely manner, we may experience inventory shortages. Inventory shortages might delay shipments to resellers, distributors and customers or cause us to lose sales. Further, as the size of individual orders increases, the risk that we may be unable to deliver unforecasted orders also increases, particularly near the end of quarterly periods. These shortages may diminish the loyalty of our channel partners or customers.

The difficulty in forecasting demand also makes it difficult to estimate our future financial condition and results of operations from period to period. A failure to accurately predict the level of demand for our products could adversely affect our net revenues and net income, and we are unlikely to forecast such effects with any certainty in advance.

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We have operations outside of the United States and a significant portion of our customers and suppliers are located outside of the United States, which subjects us to a number of risks associated with conducting international operations.

We market and sell our products throughout the world and have personnel in many parts of the world. In addition, we have sales offices and research and development facilities outside the United States and we conduct, and expect to continue to conduct, a significant amount of our business with companies that are located outside the United States, particularly in Israel, Asia and Europe. We also source our components for our products from various geographical regions and ship components from a foreign production facility. Therefore, we are subject to risks associated with having international sales and worldwide operations, including:

• challenges caused by distance, language, cultural and ethical differences and the competitive environment;

• multiple and conflicting laws and regulations, including complications due to unexpected changes in these laws and regulations;

• trade and foreign exchange restrictions;

• foreign currency exchange fluctuations and foreign exchange controls;

• economic, social or political instability in foreign markets;

• greater difficulty in enforcing contracts, accounts receivable collection and longer collection periods;

• changes in regulatory requirements;

• difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations or relationships with channel partners;

• the uncertainty and limitation of protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

• costs of complying with U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including import and export control laws, tariffs, trade barriers, economic sanctions and other regulatory or contractual limitations on our ability to sell our products in certain foreign markets, and the risks and costs of non-compliance or complaints of non-compliance;

• heightened risks of unethical, unfair or corrupt business practices, actual or claimed, in certain geographies and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial results and result in restatements of, and irregularities in, financial statements;

• the potential that our operations in the U.S. may limit the acceptability of our products to some foreign governments, and vice versa;

• the potential for acts of terrorism, hostilities or war;

• management communication and integration problems resulting from cultural differences and geographic dispersion; and

• multiple and possibly overlapping tax structures.

Our product and service sales may be subject to foreign governmental regulations, which vary substantially from country to country and change from time to time. Failure to comply with these regulations could adversely affect our business. Violations of laws or key control policies by our employees, contractors, channel partners or agents could result in delays in revenue recognition, financial reporting misstatements, fines, penalties or the prohibition of the importation or exportation of our products and services and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

A portion of our revenue is generated by sales to government entities and such sales are subject to a number of challenges and risks.

Sales to U.S. and foreign federal, state and local governmental agency customers have accounted for approximately 13% of our bookings for the year ended December 31 2013, 15% of our bookings for the year ended December 31, 2014, 13% for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 12% of our bookings for the three months ended March 31, 2016, and we may in the future increase sales to government entities. Sales into government entities are subject to a number of risks. Selling to government entities can be highly competitive, expensive and time consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that we will complete a sale. Accordingly:

• changes in fiscal or contracting policies or decreases and uncertainties in available government funding;

• changes in government programs or applicable requirements;

• the adoption of new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations;

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• changes in political or social attitudes with respect to security issues; and

• potential delays or changes in the government appropriations process, including actions such as spending freezes implemented to address political or fiscal policy concerns,

could cause governments and governmental agencies to delay or refrain from purchasing our products and services in the future or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Most of our sales to government entities have been made indirectly through our channel partners. Government entities may have contractual or other legal rights to terminate contracts with our distributors and resellers for convenience or due to a default, and any such termination may adversely impact our results of operations.

In addition, for purchases by the U.S. federal government, we must comply with laws and regulations relating to U.S. federal government contracting, which affect how we and our channel partners do business in connection with U.S. federal agencies. These laws and regulations may impose added costs on our business, and failure to comply with these or other applicable regulations and requirements, including non-compliance in the past, could lead to claims for damages from our channel partners, penalties, termination of contracts and suspension or debarment from government contracting for a period of time. Any such damages, penalties, disruption or limitation in our ability to do business with the U.S. federal government may adversely impact our results of operations.

Our business in countries with a history of corruption and transactions with foreign governments increase the risks associated with our international activities.

As we operate and sell internationally, we are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations, deal with and make sales to governmental customers in countries known to experience corruption, particularly certain emerging countries in Africa, East Asia, Eastern Europe, South America and the Middle East. Our activities in these countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, consultants, sales agents or channel partners that could be in violation of various anti-corruption laws, even though these parties may not be under our control. While we have implemented safeguards to prevent these practices by our employees, consultants, sales agents and channel partners, our existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be less than effective, and our employees, consultants, sales agents or channel partners may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, including suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracting, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We rely significantly on revenue from maintenance and support which may decline and, because we recognize revenue from such services over the term of the relevant service period, downturns or upturns in sales are not immediately reflected in full in our operating results.

Our maintenance and support revenue accounted for 32% of our total revenue for year ended December 31, 2013, 33% of our total revenue for 2014, 28% of our total revenue for 2015 and 32% of our total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Sales of new maintenance and support contracts or renewal of such services contracts may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customers’ level of satisfaction with our products and services, the prices of our products and services, the prices of products and services offered by our competitors or reductions in our customers’ spending levels. If our sales of new or renewal services contracts decline, our revenue or revenue growth may decline and our business will suffer. In addition, we recognize service revenue ratably over the term of the relevant service period, which is usually one to three years. As a result, much of the revenue we report each quarter is the recognition of deferred revenue from services contracts entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewal services contracts in any one quarter will not be fully reflected in revenue in that quarter, but will negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in new or renewal sales of our services would not be reflected in full in our results of operations until future periods.

If we are unable to increase sales to larger customers, our results of operations may suffer.

We continuously seek to increase sales of our products to large enterprises, managed security service providers (“MSSPs”), cloud hosting providers and government entities. Sales to large enterprises, MSSPs, cloud hosting providers and government entities involve risks that may not be present, or are present to a lesser extent, in sales to small to mid-sized entities. These risks include:

• preexisting relationships with larger, entrenched providers of security solutions who have access to key decision makers within the organization and who also have the ability to bundle competing products with a broader product offering;

• increased purchasing power and leverage held by large customers in negotiating contractual arrangements with us;

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• more stringent requirements in our support service contracts, including stricter support response times, and increased penalties for any failure to meet support requirements; and

• longer sales cycles, including lengthening of sales cycles due to competitive pressures or the evaluation by customers of both our cloud security solutions from Incapsula and our on-premise products as potential alternatives, and the associated risk that substantial time and resources may be spent on a potential customer who elects not to purchase our products and services.

In addition, product purchases by large enterprises, MSSPs, cloud hosting providers and government entities are frequently subject to budget constraints, multiple approvals, and unplanned administrative, processing and other delays. Further, large enterprises, MSSPs, cloud hosting providers and government entities typically have longer implementation cycles; require greater product functionality and scalability and a broader range of services; demand that vendors take on a larger share of risks; sometimes require acceptance provisions that can lead to a delay in revenue recognition; and expect greater payment flexibility from vendors. Additionally, the ongoing increase in the number of security vendors competing for these entities’ business, who in some cases use overlapping or confusing messaging, may combine with these factors to extend the sales cycles for our products and services. All these factors can add risk to doing business with these customers. If our sales expectations for large customers do not materialize in a particular quarter or at all, then our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

If our existing and potential customers migrate to hosted, cloud-based data centers that do not deploy our products, our revenues could suffer.

The majority of our current sales are made through a model in which our channel partners sell our cyber-security solutions to large enterprise customers that operate their own data centers and have the ability to choose the cyber-security solutions and configurations to fit their environment. If our large enterprise customers and potential customers choose to outsource the hosting of their data centers to large, multi-tenancy hosting providers like Rackspace Hosting, Inc., Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) and Savvis, Inc. (dba CenturyLink Technology Solutions), they may not be able to choose what cyber-security solutions are deployed in these hosted environments, and our current sales model may not be effective. Although we work with large hosting services providers, like Rackspace Hosting, Inc., AWS and Savvis, Inc., to integrate our cyber-security solutions into their hosting environments so that our solutions may be offered to their hosting customers, we cannot guarantee that all such hosting service providers will adopt our solutions, offer them as a choice to their customers or promote our solutions over those of our competitors. Even if these large hosting services providers integrate our cyber-security solutions into their hosting environments and promote our solutions, they may be able to negotiate larger discounts than individual enterprise customers and, consequently, the average selling price of our products may decrease and our revenue would suffer. Alternatively, they may offer services based on our competitors’ products at lower cost or bundled with other services that we do not offer, and their customers may choose those services even if they would otherwise choose our products if making a decision on a stand-alone basis.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our functional and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar and we generate a majority of our revenue in U.S. dollars. However, in 2013, 2014 and 2015 and the three months ended March 31, 2016, we incurred approximately 37%, 32%, 27% and 27%, respectively, of our expenses outside of the United States in foreign currencies, primarily the Israeli shekel, principally with respect to salaries and related personnel expenses associated with our Israeli operations. The exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies has fluctuated substantially in recent years and may continue to fluctuate substantially in the future. We expect that a majority of our revenues will continue to be generated in U.S. dollars for the foreseeable future and that a significant portion of our expenses, including personnel costs, as well as capital and operating expenditures, will continue to be denominated in Israeli shekels. Our results of operations may be adversely affected by foreign exchange fluctuations.

We use forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge or mitigate the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on our operating expenses denominated in certain foreign currencies. However, this strategy cannot eliminate our exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations and involves costs and risks of its own, such as cash expenditures, ongoing management time and expertise, external costs to implement the strategy and potential accounting implications. Additionally, our hedging activities may contribute to increased losses as a result of volatility in foreign currency markets.

Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and operating results.

Patent and other intellectual property disputes are common in the IT security industry. Some companies in the IT security industry, including some of our competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, which they may use to assert claims against us. This disparity between our patent portfolio and the patent portfolios of our most significant competitors

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may increase the risk that they may sue us for patent infringement and may limit our ability to counterclaim for patent infringement or settle through patent cross-licenses. In addition, there are patent holding companies or other patent owners who are solely or primarily in the business of building portfolios of patents and asserting them against operating companies, often with little merit, and who have no relevant product revenues so that potential assertions of our patents (and potential patents) against such companies may provide little or no deterrence. Third parties have asserted and may in the future assert claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights against us. For example, in May 2010, F5 Networks, Inc., an IT infrastructure company that competes with us in the web application firewall market, filed a lawsuit against us alleging patent infringement. In September 2010, we filed a counterclaim alleging patent infringement by F5 Networks, Inc. In February 2011, we entered into a settlement and license agreement with F5 Networks, Inc., which dismissed the litigation. Third parties may also assert such claims against our customers or channel partners whom we typically indemnify against claims that our products infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of third parties. As the numbers of products and competitors in our market increase and overlaps occur, claims of infringement, misappropriation and other violations of intellectual property rights may increase. Also, to the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or have divulged proprietary or other confidential information.

We cannot assure you that we are not infringing or otherwise violating any third-party intellectual property rights. Further, any claim of infringement, misappropriation or other violation of intellectual property rights by a third party, even those without merit, could be asserted against us, cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim and could distract our management from our business. An adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to pay substantial damages, including treble damages, if we are found to have willfully infringed a third party’s patents or copyrights; cease making, licensing or using solutions that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development resources to attempt to redesign our products or services or otherwise to develop non-infringing technology, which may not be successful; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies or intellectual property rights; and indemnify our customers and partners. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required or desirable, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all, or may require significant royalty payments and other expenditures. In addition, some licenses may be non-exclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. Any of these events could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on the availability of licenses to third-party software and other intellectual property, the loss of which could increase our costs and delay software shipments.

Many of our products and services include software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties, and we also use software and other intellectual property licensed from third parties in our business. This exposes us to risks over which we may have little or no control. For example, a licensor may have errors or defects in its products that harm our business, may have difficulties keeping up with technological changes or may stop supporting the software or other intellectual property that it licenses to us. Also, it will be necessary in the future to renew licenses, expand the scope of existing licenses or seek new licenses, relating to various aspects of these products and services, or otherwise relating to our business, which may result in increased license fees. In addition, a direct or indirect licensor may assert that we or our customers are in breach of the terms of a license, which could, among other things, give such licensor the right to terminate a license or seek damages from us, or both. Moreover, the inclusion in our products and services of software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties on a nonexclusive basis could limit our ability to differentiate our products from those of our competitors.

Licensed software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. While we believe that there are currently adequate replacements for third-party software, any loss of the right to use any of this software could result in delays in producing or delivering our software until equivalent technology is identified and integrated, which delays could harm our business. Our business would be disrupted if any of the software we license from others or functional equivalents of this software were either no longer available to us or no longer offered to us on commercially reasonable terms. In either case, we would be required to either redesign our products to function with software available from other parties or to develop these components ourselves, which would result in increased costs and could result in delays in our product shipments and the release of new product offerings. Furthermore, we might be forced to limit the features available in our current or future products. If we fail to maintain or renegotiate any of these software licenses, we could face significant delays and diversion of resources in attempting to license and integrate a functional equivalent of the software. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our products contain “open source” software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.

Certain of our products are distributed with software licensed under “open source” licenses. Some of these licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the open source software, and that we license these modifications or derivative works under the terms of a particular open source license or subject to

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certain license requirements. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain provisions of the open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can subject us to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as licensors of open source software generally do not provide warranties or any indemnification for infringement of third party intellectual property rights. We have established processes to help alleviate these risks, including a review process for screening requests from our development organization for the use of open source software, but we cannot be sure that all open source software is submitted for approval prior to use in our products. In addition, open source license terms may be ambiguous and many of the risks associated with use of open source software cannot be eliminated, and could, if not properly addressed, negatively affect our business. If we were found to have inappropriately used open source software, we might be required to re-engineer our products, to release proprietary source code, to discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering could not be accomplished on a timely basis or to take other remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Disclosing the source code of our proprietary software could make it easier for malicious third parties to discover vulnerabilities in our cyber-security products and allow our competitors to create similar products with decreased development effort and time. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights could substantially harm our business and operating results.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect proprietary methods and technologies that we develop under the intellectual property laws of the United States and other countries, so that we can prevent others from using our inventions and proprietary information. We attempt to protect our intellectual property under patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, and through a combination of confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other methods, all of which offer only limited protection. If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, our competitors might gain access to our technology, and our business might be harmed. In addition, defending our intellectual property rights might entail significant expenses. Any of our patents, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. Imperva and its subsidiaries had 24 issued patents and 14 patent applications pending as of March 31, 2016 in the United States. Our issued patents, which are limited in number compared to some of our competitors, may not provide us with any competitive advantages or may be challenged by third parties, and our patent applications may never be granted at all. Additionally, the process of obtaining patent protection is expensive and time-consuming, and we may not be able to prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. Further, for strategic and other reasons we may choose not to seek patent protection for certain innovations and may choose not to pursue patent protection in certain jurisdictions. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that our patents will adequately protect our intellectual property, as the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of patent and other intellectual property rights are uncertain.

Any patents that are issued may subsequently be invalidated or otherwise limited, enabling other companies to better develop products that compete with ours, which could adversely affect our competitive business position, business prospects and financial condition. In addition, issuance of a patent does not guarantee that we have a right to practice the patented invention. Patent applications in the United States are typically not published until 18 months after filing, or in some cases not at all, and publications of discoveries in industry-related literature lag behind actual discoveries. We cannot be certain that we were the first to make the inventions claimed in our issued patents or pending patent applications or otherwise used in our products, that we were the first to file for protection in our patent applications, or that third parties do not have blocking patents that could be used to prevent us from marketing or practicing our patented products or technology. Effective patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available to us in every country in which our products and services are available. The laws of some foreign countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be inadequate. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property.

We might be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. We may initiate claims or litigation against third parties for infringement of our proprietary rights or to establish the validity of our proprietary rights. Any litigation, whether or not it is resolved in our favor, could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, which may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may become subject to claims for remuneration or royalties for assigned service invention rights by our Israeli employees, which could result in litigation and adversely affect our business.

We have entered into assignment of invention agreements with our Israeli employees pursuant to which such individuals agree to assign to us all rights to any inventions created in the scope of their employment or engagement with us. A significant portion of our intellectual property has been developed by our Israeli employees in the course of their employment for us. Under the Israeli Patents Law, 5727-1967 (the “Patents Law”), inventions conceived by an employee during the scope of his or her employment with a

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company are regarded as “service inventions,” which belong to the employer, absent a specific agreement between the employee and employer giving the employee service invention rights. The Patents Law also provides that if there is no such agreement between an employer and an employee, the Israeli Compensation and Royalties Committee (the “Committee”), a body constituted under the Patents Law, shall determine whether the employee is entitled to remuneration for his or her inventions. The Committee has previously held that employees may be entitled to remuneration for intellectual property that they develop during their service for a company despite their explicit waiver of such right. In a recent decision, however, the Committee overturned its position and upheld that an employee’s waiver of his right to remuneration is valid and binding. The plaintiff in this last case filed a petition with the Israeli Supreme Court requesting to remand the case to the Committee for a second review, but the Israeli Supreme Court decided on July 8, 2015 that the Committee acted within its administrative authority and that it would not intervene in the Committee’s decision. Even though the recent decision still stands, the Committee’s inconsistency raises doubt as to the outcome in different sets of circumstances. Thus, although our Israeli employees have agreed to assign to us service invention rights, we may face claims demanding remuneration in consideration for assigned inventions. As a consequence of such claims, we could be required to pay additional remuneration or royalties to our current and/or former Israeli employees, or be forced to litigate such claims, which could negatively affect our business.

Confidentiality agreements with partners, employees, consultants and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

In order to protect our proprietary technology, processes and methods, we rely in part on confidentiality agreements and other restrictions with our customers, partners, employees, consultants and others. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary technology, processes and methods, unauthorized parties may attempt to misappropriate, reverse engineer or otherwise obtain and use them. We may be unable to determine the extent of any unauthorized use or infringement of our products, technologies or intellectual property rights. In addition, others may independently develop identical or substantially similar technology and in these cases we would not be able to assert any trade secret rights against those parties. Moreover, policing unauthorized use of our technologies, products and intellectual property is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States and where mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be weak. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in international markets.

Our business activities are subject to various restrictions under U.S. export controls and trade and economic sanctions laws, including the U.S. Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and economic and trade sanctions regulations maintained by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties and reputational harm. U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions laws also prohibit certain transactions with U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities.

Many of our products incorporate encryption technology and may be exported outside the U.S. only if we obtain an export license or qualify for an export license exception. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements regarding the export of our products may prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products throughout their global systems or, in some cases, prevent the export of our products to some countries altogether. Further, various countries regulate the import of encryption technology and appliance-based products and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute products, could create delays in the introduction of our products in those countries or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries.

Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the shipment of certain products to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments and persons. While we and our channel partners take precautions to prevent our products from being shipped to, downloaded or accessed by U.S. sanctions targets, our products could be shipped to, downloaded or accessed by persons located in countries that are the subject of U.S. embargoes despite our efforts. Any such shipment or access could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. In 2015, we discovered that some of our free downloadable software evaluation products may have been downloaded by a limited number of persons located in countries that are the subject of U.S. embargoes. We terminated the unauthorized accounts, filed an initial disclosure with the U.S. Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) and with OFAC and filed final reports with BIS and OFAC on September 2, 2015 and September 22, 2015, respectively. We have implemented new screening measures designed to prevent users in embargoed countries and prohibited persons from purchasing, downloading or accessing our free downloadable evaluation software or other products or services. OFAC issued a cautionary letter on October 14, 2015 as a final enforcement response to the apparent violations and did not impose any monetary penalties. BIS has not yet responded to our voluntary disclosures and we cannot predict when the

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agency will complete its review and determine whether any violations occurred. While BIS could decide not to impose penalties and only issue a no action or cautionary letter, we could face civil and criminal penalties and may suffer reputational harm if we are found to have violated U.S. sanctions or export control laws. Even though we take precautions to prevent transactions with U.S. sanctions targets, any such measures, or any new measures we may implement in the future, may be ineffective. As a result, there is risk that in the future we could provide our products to or permit our products to be downloaded or accessed by such targets despite these precautions. This could result in negative consequences to us, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm.

In the future, there may be changes in our products or changes in export and import regulations or economic sanctions. Similarly there may be shifts in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations or restrictions or changes in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations and restrictions. Such changes and shifts may create delays in the introduction and sale of our products in international markets, could result in decreased use of our products or, in some cases, prevent the sale of our products to certain countries, governments or persons altogether, including by current customers or potential customers. Any such limitation, delay, restriction or reduction could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Conditions in Israel may limit our ability to develop and sell our products. This could result in a decline in revenues.

Our principal research and development facilities are located in Israel. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its neighboring countries, as well as incidents of civil unrest, and a number of state and non-state actors have publicly committed to its destruction. Political, economic and military conditions in Israel could directly affect our operations. We could be adversely affected by any major hostilities involving Israel, including acts of terrorism or any other hostilities involving or threatening Israel, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, a significant increase in inflation or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel. Any on-going or future violence between Israel and the Palestinians, including a resumption of the conflict in Gaza, armed conflicts, terrorist activities, tension along the Israeli borders or with other countries in the region, including Iran, or political instability in the region could disrupt international trading activities in Israel and may materially and negatively affect our business and could harm our results of operations.

Certain countries, as well as certain companies and organizations, continue to participate in a boycott of Israeli firms, firms with large Israeli operations and others doing business with Israel and Israeli companies. In addition, such boycott, restrictive laws, policies or practices may change over time in unpredictable ways, and could, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business in the future.

Some of our employees in Israel are obligated to perform annual military reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces, depending on their age and position in the armed forces. Furthermore, they may be called to active reserve duty at any time under emergency circumstances for extended periods of time. For example, in 2014, approximately 51 of our employees in Israel were called for active reserve duty, each serving for an average of approximately two weeks. Our operations could be disrupted by the absence, for a significant period, of one or more of our executive officers or key employees due to military service, and any significant disruption in our operations could harm our business.

Our internal network system and website may be subject to intentional disruption that could adversely impact our reputation and future sales.

Because we are a leading provider of cyber-security products, hackers and others may try to access our data or compromise our systems. Similarly, experienced computer programmers may attempt to penetrate our network security or the security of our website and cause interruptions of our services. Because the techniques used by such computer programmers to access or sabotage networks change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques. The theft and/or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information as a result of such an event could adversely affect our competitive position, reputation, brand and future sales of our products, and could impair our ability to operate our business, including our ability to provide subscription or maintenance and support services to our customers. We could suffer monetary and other losses and reputational harm in the event of such incidents.

Outages, interruptions or delays in hosting services could impair the delivery of our cloud-based security services and harm our business.

We operate infrastructure that supports our ThreatRadar and Security Operations Center (“SOC”) services and use third party hosting facilities for certain ThreatRadar services. Despite precautions taken within our own internal network and at these third party facilities, the occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in our services.

The cloud-based security services that we provide through our subsidiary, Incapsula, are operated from a network of third party facilities that host the software and systems that operate these security services. Any damage to, or failure of, our internal systems or

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systems at third party hosting facilities could result in outages or interruptions in our cloud-based services. Outages or interruptions in our cloud-based security services may cause our customers and potential customers to believe our cloud-based security services are unreliable or suffer from perceived vulnerabilities, cause us to issue credits or pay penalties, cause customers to terminate their subscriptions and adversely affect our renewal rates and our ability to attract new customers, ultimately harming our business and revenue. Our Incapsula service has experienced outages in the past and we may continue to experience such outages in the future.

Changes in our provision for income taxes or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income tax returns could adversely affect our results.

We are subject to income taxation in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Determining our provision for income taxes requires significant management judgment. In addition, our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be adversely affected by many factors, including, among other things, changes to our operating or holding structure, changes in the amounts of earnings in jurisdictions with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws. We are subject to ongoing tax examinations in various jurisdictions. Tax authorities may disagree with our intercompany charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing or other matters and assess additional taxes. While we regularly assess the likely outcomes of these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, there can be no assurance that the outcomes of such examinations will not have a material impact on our operating results and cash flows.

Significant judgment is required to determine the recognition and measurement attributes prescribed in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740-25 (formerly referred to as Financial Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109”). In addition, ASC 740-25 applies to all income tax positions, including the potential recovery of previously paid taxes, which if settled unfavorably could adversely impact our provision for income taxes or additional paid-in capital. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, power outages, floods and other catastrophic events, and to interruption by manmade problems such as terrorism.

A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or a flood, or a significant power outage could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity, on land reclaimed from the bay that is susceptible to high liquefaction risk in the event of an earthquake. In addition, natural disasters could affect our manufacturing vendors or logistics providers’ ability to perform services such as manufacturing products on a timely basis and assisting with shipments on a timely basis. In the event our service providers’ information technology systems or manufacturing or logistics abilities are hindered by any of the events discussed above, shipments could be delayed, resulting in missing financial targets, such as revenue and shipment targets, for a particular quarter. Further, if a natural disaster occurs in a region from which we derive a significant portion of our revenue, customers in that region may delay or forego purchases of our products, which may materially and adversely impact our results of operations for a particular period. In addition, acts of terrorism could cause disruptions in our business or the business of our manufacturer, logistics providers, partners, customers or the economy as a whole. Given our typical concentration of sales at each quarter end, any disruption in the business of our manufacturer, logistics providers, partners or customers that impacts sales at the end of our quarter could have a significant adverse impact on our quarterly results. All of the aforementioned risks may be augmented if the business continuity plans for us and our suppliers prove to be inadequate. To the extent that any of the above results in delays or cancellations of customer orders, or the delay in the manufacture, deployment or shipment of our products, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock

If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), and the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly and place strains on our personnel, systems and resources.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed,

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summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC’s rules and forms. Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, and the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In addition, weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Our filings with the SEC are subject to periodic review by the SEC, and our auditors are subject to periodic inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Any failure to maintain effective controls over financial reporting, any difficulties encountered in the implementation of additional controls or the improvement of existing controls, or any issues that emerge as a result of regulatory review, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a revision or restatement of our prior period financial statements. Any failure to maintain effective internal controls also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we are required to include in our annual reports filed with the SEC under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

For example, in connection with the review of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 7, 2014, management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2014. Based on that assessment, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2014, because of a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to insufficient oversight and review controls to ensure the proper determination of stock-based compensation expense for certain complex equity awards that were not issued in the ordinary course. While these control deficiencies were remediated, we continue to identify risks and make improvements to our internal controls and we cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future.

In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to add personnel, expend significant resources and provide significant management oversight, which involve substantial accounting-related costs. Any failure to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, or consequent inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, could increase our operating costs and could materially impair our ability to operate our business. In the event that we are not able to continue to demonstrate compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, that our internal controls are perceived as inadequate or that we are unable to produce timely or accurate financial statements, investors may lose confidence in our operating results and our stock price could decline. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

We also have implemented elements of a disaster recovery/business continuity plan for our accounting and related information technology systems but we have not yet implemented a complete disaster recovery/business continuity plan that covers all of our operations. If the elements that we have developed and plan to develop in the future prove inadequate in the circumstances of a particular disaster or other business continuity event our ability to maintain timely accounting and reporting may be materially impaired.

Market volatility may affect our stock price and the value of your investment

The trading prices of the securities of technology companies generally, and of our stock in particular, have been highly volatile. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, most of which we cannot predict or control, including:

• announcements of new products, services or technologies, commercial relationships, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital commitments or other events by us or our competitors;

• fluctuations in operating performance and in stock market prices and trading volumes of securities of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;

• general market conditions and overall price and volume fluctuations in U.S. equity markets;

• actual or anticipated variations in our operating results, or the operating results of our competitors;

• the financial and other projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections or changes in our financial guidance or securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance;

• failure of securities analysts to maintain coverage of us, changes in financial or other estimates by any securities analysts who follow us, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of our investors;

• ratings or other changes by any securities analysts who follow our company or our industry;

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• sales of large blocks of our common stock, including sales by our executive officers, directors and significant stockholders;

• rumors and market speculation involving Imperva or other companies in our industry; and

• lawsuits threatened or filed against us and changing legal or regulatory developments in the United States and other countries.

In addition, the stock market in general, and the New York Stock Exchange in particular, have experienced substantial price and volume volatility that is often seemingly unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations or factors affecting us more specifically may cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company after a period of volatility in the market price of its common stock

We face risks related to securities litigation that could result in significant legal expenses and settlement or damage awards.

We are currently and may in the future become subject to claims and litigation alleging violations of the securities laws or similar claims, which could harm our business and require us to incur significant costs. For example, on April 11, 2014, a purported stockholder class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against us and certain of our officers alleging that defendants made false and misleading statements and purporting to assert claims for violations of the federal securities laws, and seeking unspecified compensatory damages and other relief. In addition, on June 27, 2014, we (as a nominal defendant), along with certain of our directors and officers, were named in purported derivative litigation filed in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware. Regardless of the outcome, these matters or future litigation may require significant attention from management and could result in significant legal expenses, settlement costs or damage awards that could have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our industry. If we do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock so any returns will be limited to the value of our stock.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return to stockholders will therefore be limited to the value of their stock.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management. These provisions include:

• authorizing “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by the board without stockholder approval and may contain voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock, which would increase the number of outstanding shares and could thwart a takeover attempt;

• a classified board of directors whose members can be dismissed only for cause;

• the prohibition on actions by written consent of our stockholders;

• the limitation on who may call a special meeting of stockholders;

• the establishment of stock ownership and advance notice requirements for stockholders who intend to submit proposals to be acted upon at stockholder meetings, including nominations of persons for election to our board of directors; and

• the requirement that at least 75% of our outstanding capital stock must approve any amendment of the foregoing second through fifth provisions.

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In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. Although we believe these provisions collectively provide for an opportunity to obtain greater value for stockholders by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors, they would apply even if an offer rejected by our board were considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to limitations and may result in increased future tax liability to us.

Generally, a change of more than 50% in the ownership of a corporation’s stock, by value, over a three-year period constitutes an ownership change for U.S. federal and applicable state income tax purposes. An ownership change may limit a company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards attributable to the period prior to such change. We have not performed a detailed analysis to determine whether an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, has occurred after each of our previous private placements of preferred stock or after the issuance of shares of common stock in connection with our initial public offering and follow-on public offering. In the event we have undergone an ownership change under Section 382, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset U.S. federal taxable income may become subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Use of Proceeds from Public Offering of Common Stock

The Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-175008) relating to our initial public offering (“IPO”) was declared effective by the SEC on November 8, 2011. The net proceeds to us of our IPO after deducting $6.9 million of underwriters’ discounts and $5.8 million of offering expenses were $86.2 million.  As disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 that was filed on February 26, 2016 (File No. 001-35338), through February 2016 we had used $25.5 million of the proceeds in connection with acquisitions.  Other than as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K there were no additional uses of proceeds for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.  We expect to use remaining net IPO proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. Although we may also use a portion of the net proceeds for acquisition of complementary businesses, technologies or other assets, we have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to enter into any acquisitions.

Our management will retain broad discretion in the allocation and use of the net proceeds of our IPO, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds. Pending specific utilization of the net proceeds as described above, we have invested the net proceeds of the offering in short-term, interest-bearing obligations. The goal with respect to the investment of the net proceeds will be capital preservation and liquidity so that such funds are readily available to fund our operations.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

For the quarter ended March 31, 2016, we did not sell any unregistered securities.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 6, 2016	IMPERVA, INC.
	By:	/s/ Anthony Bettencourt
		Anthony Bettencourt
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 6, 2016
	By:	/s/ Terrence J. Schmid
		Terrence J. Schmid
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description
3.01	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Imperva, Inc. as currently in effect (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2016 (File No. 001-35338))
10.01	Seventh Amendment to Lease, effective as of March 9, 2016, between Imperva, Inc. and Westport Office Park, LLC
10.02	2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended, and subplan and forms of agreements thereunder
31.01	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
31.02	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
32.01*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).
32.02*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* This certification is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that Imperva Inc. specifically incorporates it by reference.

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