Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Principles of Consolidation | ' |
Principles of Consolidation |
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Demand Media. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Acquisitions are included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition. Our purchase accounting resulted in all assets and liabilities of acquired businesses being recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition dates. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include revenue, allowance for doubtful accounts, investments in equity interests, fair value of issued and acquired stock warrants, the assigned value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities in business combinations, useful lives and impairment of property and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill and other assets, the fair value of equity-based compensation awards, and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of our assets and liabilities.. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. We consider funds transferred from our credit card service providers but not yet deposited into our bank accounts at the balance sheet dates, as funds in transit and these amounts are recorded as unrestricted cash, since the amounts are generally settled the day after the outstanding date. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of checking accounts, money market accounts, money market funds, and short-term certificates of deposit. |
Investments in Equity | ' |
Investments in Equity |
Investments in affiliates over which we have the ability to exert significant influence, but do not control and are not the primary beneficiary of, including NameJet, LLC (“NameJet”), are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Investments in affiliates which we have no ability to exert significant influence are accounted for using the cost method of accounting. Our proportional shares of affiliate earnings or losses accounted for under the equity method of accounting, which are not material for all periods presented, are included in other income (expense) in our consolidated statements of operations. Affiliated companies are not material individually or in the aggregate to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for any period presented. Transactions with our equity method investees generated revenue of approximately $6.5 million, $5.6 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
We account for investments in companies that we do not control or account for under the equity method either at fair value or under the cost method, as applicable. Investments in equity securities are carried at fair value if the fair value of the security is readily determinable. Equity investments carried at fair value are classified as available-for-sale securities. Realized gains and losses for available-for-sale securities are included in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, on available-for-sale securities are included in our consolidated financial statements as a component of other comprehensive income and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"), until realized. |
Investments in equity securities that we do not control or account for under the equity method and do not have readily determinable fair values are accounted for under the cost method. Cost method investments are originally recorded at cost. In determining whether other-than-temporary impairment exists for equity securities, management considers: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and (3) the intent and ability of us to retain our investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. We have determined that there has been no impairment of our equity marketable securities to date. |
The cost of marketable securities sold is based upon the specific identification method and any realized gains or losses on the sale of investments are reflected as a component of interest income or expense. For the year ended December 31, 2013, unrealized gain on marketable securities was $0.9 million. There were no unrealized gains or losses marketable securities for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. |
In addition, we classify marketable securities as current or non-current based upon whether such assets are reasonably expected to be realized in cash or sold or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the business. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
We recognize revenue when four basic criteria are met: persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists; performance of services has occurred; the sales price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. We consider persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement to be the receipt of a signed contract. Collectability is assessed based on a number of factors, including transaction history and the credit worthiness of a customer. If it is determined that collection is not reasonably assured, revenue is not recognized until collection becomes reasonably assured, which is generally upon receipt of cash. We record cash received in advance of revenue recognition as deferred revenue. |
For arrangements with multiple deliverables, we allocate revenue to each deliverable if the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a standalone basis and, if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. The fair value of the selling price for a deliverable is determined using a hierarchy of (1) company specific objective and reliable evidence, then (2) third-party evidence, then (3) best estimate of selling price. We allocate any arrangement fee to each of the elements based on their relative selling prices. |
Our revenue is principally derived from the following services: |
Content & Media |
Advertising Revenue. Advertising revenue is generated by performance-based Internet advertising, such as cost-per-click advertising, in which an advertiser pays only when a user clicks on our advertisement that is displayed on our owned and operated websites and customer websites; fees generated by users viewing third-party website banners and text-link advertisements; fees generated by enabling customer leads or registrations for partners; and fees from referring users to, or from users making purchases on, sponsors’ websites. In determining whether an arrangement exists, we ensure that a binding arrangement is in place, such as a standard insertion order or a fully executed customer-specific agreement. Obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of impressions or the satisfaction of the other performance criteria. Revenue from performance-based arrangements, including referral revenue, is recognized as the related performance criteria are met. We assess whether performance criteria have been met and whether the fees are fixed or determinable based on a reconciliation of the performance criteria and an analysis of the payment terms associated with the transaction. The reconciliation of the performance criteria generally includes a comparison of third-party performance data to the contractual performance obligation and to internal or customer performance data in circumstances where that data is available. |
Where we enter into revenue sharing arrangements with our customers, such as those relating to advertising on our customers' domains, and when we are considered the primary obligor, we report the underlying revenue on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of operations, and record these revenue-sharing payments to our customers as revenue-sharing expenses, which are included in service costs. |
In certain cases, we record revenue based on available and preliminary information from third parties. Amounts collected on the related receivables may vary from reported information based upon third-party refinement of estimated and reported amounts owing that occurs typically within 30 days of the period end. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the difference between the amounts recognized based on preliminary information and cash collected was not material. |
Subscription Services and Social Media Services. Subscription services revenue is generated through the sale of membership fees paid to access content available on certain of our owned and operated websites. The majority of the memberships range from 6 to 12 month terms. Subscription services revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the membership term. |
We configure, host, and maintain our platform social media services under private-labeled versions of software for commercial customers. We earn revenue from our social media services through initial set-up fees, recurring management support fees, overage fees in excess of standard usage terms, and outside consulting fees. Due to the fact that social media services customers have no contractual right to take possession of our private-labeled software, we account for our social media services revenue as service arrangements, whereby social media services revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the service has occurred and no significant obligations remain, the selling price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. |
Social media service arrangements may contain multiple deliverables, including, but not limited to, single arrangements containing set-up fees, monthly support fees and overage billings, consulting services and advertising services. To the extent that consulting services have value on a standalone basis, we allocate revenue to each element in the multiple deliverable arrangement based upon their relative fair values. Fair value is determined based upon the best estimate of the selling price. To date, substantially all consulting services entered into concurrently with the original social media service arrangements are not treated as separate deliverables, as such services do not have value to the customer on a standalone basis. In such cases, the arrangement is treated as a single unit of accounting with the arrangement fee recognized over the term of the arrangement on a straight-line basis. Set-up fees are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the greater of the contractual or estimated customer life once monthly recurring services have commenced. We determine the estimated customer life based on analysis of historical attrition rates, average contractual term and renewal expectations. We review the estimated customer life at least quarterly and when events or changes in circumstances, such as significant customer attrition relative to expected historical or projected future results, occur. Overage billings are recognized when delivered and at contractual rates in excess of standard usage terms. |
Outside consulting services performed for customers that have value on a stand-alone basis are recognized as services are performed. |
We recognize revenue from product sales upon delivery, net of estimated returns based on historical experience. Payments received in advance of delivery are included in deferred revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenue is recorded at the gross amount due to the following factors: we are the primary obligor in a transaction, we have inventory and credit risk, and we have latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers. Product sales and shipping revenue is recognized net of promotional discounts, rebates, and return allowances. We periodically provide incentive offers to customers to encourage purchases. Such offers may include current discount offers, such as percentage discounts off current purchases, free shipping and other similar offers. Sales tax is not included in revenue, as we are a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales taxes. |
Content and Other Revenue. Content and other revenue is generated through the sale or license of media content or undeveloped websites. Revenue from the sale or perpetual license of content and undeveloped websites is recognized when the content and the sale of undeveloped websites have been delivered and the contractual performance obligations have been fulfilled. Revenue from the license of content is recognized over the period of the license as content is delivered or when other related performance criteria are fulfilled. |
Registrar |
Domain Name Registration Service Fees. We recognize revenue from registration fees charged to third parties in connection with new, renewed and transferred domain name registrations on a straight-line basis over the registration term, which ranges from one to ten years. We include payments received in advance of the domain name registration term in deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. The registration term and related revenue recognition commences once we confirm that the requested domain name has been recorded in the appropriate registry under accepted contractual performance standards. We defer the associated direct and incremental costs, which principally consist of registry and ICANN fees, and expense them as service costs on a straight-line basis over the registration term. |
Our businesses including eNom and Name.com, are ICANN accredited registrars. Thus, we are the primary obligor with our reseller and retail registrant customers and are responsible for the fulfillment of our registrar services to those parties. As a result, we report revenue in the amount of the fees we receive directly from our reseller and retail registrant customers. Our reseller customers maintain the primary obligor relationship with their retail customers, establish pricing and retain credit risk to those customers. Accordingly, we do not recognize any revenue related to transactions between our reseller customers and their ultimate retail customers. A portion of our resellers have contracted with us to provide billing and credit card processing services to the resellers' retail customer base in addition to registration services. Under these circumstances, the cash collected from these resellers' retail customer base exceeds the fixed amount per transaction that we charge for domain name registration services. Accordingly, these amounts, which are collected for the benefit of the reseller, are not recognized as revenue and are recorded as a liability until remitted to the reseller on a periodic basis. We report revenue from these resellers on a net basis because the reseller determines the price to charge its retail customers and maintains the primary customer relationship. |
Value Added Services. We recognize revenue from online registrar value-added services, which include, but are not limited to, security certificates, domain name identification protection, charges associated with alternative payment methodologies, web hosting services and email services on a straight-line basis over the period in which services are provided. We include payments received in advance of services being provided in deferred revenue. |
Auction Service Revenue. Domain name auction service revenue represents proceeds received from selling domain names from our portfolio, as well as proceeds received from selling domain names that are not renewed by customers of our registrar platform. Domain name sales are primarily conducted through our direct sales efforts as well as through our NameJet joint venture. Domain name sales revenue is recognized when title to the name is transferred to the buyer and the related registration fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the registration term. If we sell a domain name, any unamortized cost basis is recorded as a service cost. For domain name sales generated through NameJet, we recognize revenue net of auction service fee payments to NameJet. |
Service Costs | ' |
Service Costs |
Service costs consist primarily of fees paid to registries and ICANN associated with domain registrations, advertising revenue recognized by us and shared with our customers or partners as a result of our revenue-sharing arrangements, such as traffic acquisition costs, Internet connection and co-location charges and other platform operating expenses associated with our owned and operated and customer websites, including depreciation of the systems and hardware used to build and operate our Content & Media platform and Registrar, personnel costs relating to in-house editorial, customer service, information technology and certain content production costs such as our multi-channel video deal with YouTube. |
Registry fee expenses consist of payments to entities accredited by ICANN as the designated registry related to each top level domain (“TLD”). These payments are generally fixed dollar amounts per domain name registration period and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the registration term. The costs of renewal registration fee expenses for owned and operated undeveloped websites are also included in service costs. Amortization of the cost of undeveloped websites and media content owned by us is included in amortization of intangible assets. |
Shipping and Handling | ' |
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Shipping and Handling |
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Shipping and handling charged to customers are recorded in revenue. Associated costs are recorded in service costs. |
Accounts Receivable | ' |
Accounts Receivable |
Accounts receivable primarily consist of amounts due from: |
· | Third parties who provide advertising services to our owned and operated websites in exchange for a share of the underlying advertising revenue. Accounts receivable from third parties are recorded as the amount of the revenue share as reported to us by the advertising networks and are generally due within 30 to 45 days from the month-end in which the invoice is generated. Certain accounts receivable from these parties are billed quarterly and are due within 45 days from the quarter-end in which the invoice is generated, and are non-interest bearing; |
· | Social media services customers and include (i) account set-up fees, which are generally billed and collected once set-up services are completed, (ii) monthly recurring services, which are billed in advance of services on a quarterly or monthly basis, (iii) account overages, which are billed when incurred and contractually due, and (iv) consulting services, which are generally billed in the same manner as set-up fees. Accounts receivable from social media customers are recorded at the invoiced amount, are generally due within 30 days and are non-interest bearing; |
· | Direct advertisers who engage us to deliver branded advertising impressions. Accounts receivable from direct advertisers are recorded at negotiated advertising rates (customarily based on advertising impressions) and as the related advertising is delivered over our owned and operated websites. Direct advertising accounts receivable are generally due within 30 to 60 days from the date the advertising services are delivered and billed; |
· | Customers who syndicate our content over their websites in exchange for a share of related advertising revenue. Accounts receivable from these customers are recorded as the revenue share as reported by the underlying customers and are generally due within 30 to 45 days; and |
— | Certain domain reseller customers of our Registrar service offering. |
Our Registrar services are primarily conducted on a prepaid basis or through credit card or Internet payments processed at the time a transaction is consummated and we do not carry significant receivables related to these business activities. As a result, for each of the periods presented, we did not maintain an allowance for potentially uncollectible receivables from our customers. |
Receivables from registries represent amounts due from registries and from certain domain reseller customers of our registrar service offering. Receivables from registries represent refundable amounts for registrations that were placed on auto-renew status by the registries, but were not explicitly renewed by a registrant as of the balance sheet dates. Registry services accounts receivable is recorded at the amount of registration fees paid by us to a registry for all registrations placed on auto-renew status. Subsequent to the lapse of a prior registration period, a registrant either renews the applicable domain name with us, which results in the application of the refundable amount to a consummated transaction, or the registrant lets the domain name registration expire, which results in a refund of the applicable amount from a registry to us. |
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables from our customers based on our best estimate of the amount of probable losses in existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on an analysis of historical bad debts, advertiser concentrations, advertiser credit-worthiness and current economic trends. In addition, past due balances over 90 days and specific other balances are reviewed individually for collectability at least quarterly. |
Deferred Revenue and Deferred Registration Costs | ' |
Deferred Revenue and Deferred Registration Costs |
Deferred revenue consists primarily of amounts received from customers in advance of our performance for domain name registration services, subscription services for premium media content, social media services and online value added services. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue on a systematic basis that is proportionate to the unexpired term of the related domain name registration, media subscription as services are rendered, over customer useful life, or online value added service period. |
Deferred registration costs represent incremental direct cost paid in advance to registries, ICANN, and other third parties for domain name registrations and are recorded as a deferred cost on the balance sheets. Deferred registration costs are amortized to expense on a straight-line basis concurrently with the recognition of the related domain name registration revenue and are included in service costs. |
Property and equipment | ' |
Property and equipment |
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Computer equipment is amortized over two to five years, software is amortized over two to three years, and furniture and fixtures are amortized over seven to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized straight-line over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements ranging from one to ten years. Upon the sale or retirement of property or equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization is removed from our financial statements with the resulting gain or loss reflected in our results of operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. In the event that property and equipment is no longer in use, we will record a loss on disposal of the property and equipment, which is computed as difference between the sales price, if any, and the net remaining value (gross amount of property and equipment less accumulated depreciation expense) of the related equipment at the date of disposal. |
Intangibles | ' |
Intangibles—Undeveloped Websites |
We capitalize costs incurred to acquire and to initially register our owned and operated undeveloped websites (i.e. Uniform Resource Locators). We amortize these costs over the expected useful life of the underlying undeveloped websites on a straight-line basis. The expected useful lives of the website names range from 12 months to 84 months. We determine the appropriate useful life by performing an analysis of expected cash flows based on historical experience with domain names of similar quality and value. |
In order to maintain the rights to each undeveloped website acquired, we pay periodic renewal registration fees, which generally cover a minimum period of 12 months. We record renewal registration fees of website name intangible assets in deferred registration costs and amortize the costs over the renewal registration period, which is included in service costs. |
Intangibles—Media Content |
We capitalize the direct costs incurred to acquire our media content that is determined to embody a probable future economic benefit. Costs are recognized as finite-lived intangible assets based on their acquisition cost to us. Direct content costs primarily represent amounts paid to unrelated third parties for completed content units, and to a lesser extent, specifically identifiable internal direct labor costs incurred to enhance the value of specific content units acquired prior to their publication. Internal costs not directly attributable to the enhancement of an individual content unit acquired are expensed as incurred. All costs incurred to deploy and publish content are expensed as incurred, including the costs incurred for the ongoing maintenance of our websites in which our content is published. |
Capitalized media content is amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life, which is typically five years, representing our estimate of the pattern that the underlying economic benefits are expected to be realized and based on its estimates of the projected cash flows from advertising revenue expected to be generated by the deployment of our content. These estimates are based on our plans and projections, comparison of the economic returns generated by our content with content of comparable quality and an analysis of historical cash flows generated by that content to date. Amortization of media content is included in amortization of intangible assets in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations and the acquisition costs are included in purchases of intangible assets within cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. |
Intangibles—Acquired in Business Combinations |
We perform valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on each acquisition accounted for as a business combination and allocate the purchase price of each acquired business to our respective net tangible and intangible assets. Acquired intangible assets include: trade names, non-compete agreements, owned website names, customer relationships, technology, media content, and content publisher relationships. We determine the appropriate useful life by performing an analysis of expected cash flows based on historical experience of the acquired businesses. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits are consumed. |
Long-lived Assets | ' |
Long-lived Assets |
We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets with finite useful lives for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Such trigger events or changes in circumstances may include: a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used, significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, including those resulting from technology advancements in the industry, the impact of competition or other factors that could affect the value of a long-lived asset, a significant adverse deterioration in the amount of revenue or cash flows we expect to generate from an asset group, an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or development of a long-lived asset, current or future operating or cash flow losses that demonstrate continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset, or a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. We perform impairment testing at the asset group level that represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable and the expected undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the asset group are less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded. Fair value is determined based upon estimated discounted future cash flows. Through December 31, 2013, we have identified no such impairment loss. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented on the balance sheets and reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and would no longer be depreciated or amortized. |
Google, the largest provider of search engine referrals to the majority of our websites, regularly deploys changes to our search engine algorithms, some of which have led us to experience fluctuations in the total number of Google search referrals to our owned and operated and network of customer websites. In 2011, the overall impact of these changes on our owned and operated websites was negative primarily due to a decline in traffic to eHow.com, our largest website. Beginning in response to changes in search engine algorithms since 2011, we have performed evaluations of our existing content library to identify potential improvements in our content creation and distribution platform. As a result of these evaluations, we elected to remove certain content assets from service, resulting in $2.4 million, $2.1 million and $5.9 million of related accelerated amortization expense in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Any further discretionary actions may result in additional accelerated amortization in the periods the actions occur. |
Goodwill | ' |
Goodwill |
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of the acquired net assets. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year or when events or circumstances change that would indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Events or circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends or significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations. |
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is one level below or the same as an operating segment. As of December 31, 2013, we determined that we have three reporting units. We perform an assessment whether a reporting unit's fair value is less than our carrying value of its assets. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and no additional steps are necessary. If, however, the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then a second step is performed to determine the amount of the impairment loss. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over its implied fair value. The estimate of fair value of goodwill is primarily based on an estimate of the discounted cash flows expected to result from that reporting unit, but may require valuations of certain internally generated and unrecognized intangible assets such as our software, technology, patents and trademarks. We performed our annual impairment analysis in the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2013, and based on the results of the annual impairment test, the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and therefore no impairment of goodwill existed at December 31, 2013. |
Operating Leases | ' |
Operating Leases |
For operating leases that include rent-free periods or escalation clauses over the term of the lease, we recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis and the difference between expense and amounts paid are recorded as deferred rent in current and long-term liabilities. |
Advertising Costs | ' |
Advertising Costs |
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and generally consist of Internet based advertising, sponsorships, and trade shows. Such costs are included in sales and marketing expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expense was $2.5 million, $2.8 million and $2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
Stock-Based Compensation | ' |
Stock-Based Compensation |
We measure and recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees, non-employees and directors based on the grant date fair values of the awards. For stock option awards to employees with service and/or performance based vesting conditions the fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The value of an award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our consolidated statements of operations. We elected to treat share-based payment awards, other than performance awards, with graded vesting schedules and time-based service conditions as a single award and recognize stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis (net of estimated forfeitures) over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expenses are classified in the consolidated statement of operations based on the department to which the related employee reports. Our stock-based awards are comprised principally of stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. |
We account for share-based payment awards and stock options issued to non-employees in accordance with the guidance for equity-based payments to non-employees. Stock option awards to non-employees are accounted for at fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. We believe that the fair value of share-based payment awards and stock options is more reliably measured than the fair value of the services received. The fair value of the unvested portion of the options granted to non-employees is re-measured each period. The resulting increase in value, if any, is recognized as expense during the period the related services are rendered. |
The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment in determining the fair value of our awards. The most significant assumptions and judgments include the expected volatility, expected term of the award and estimated forfeiture rates. |
We estimated the expected volatility of our awards from the historical volatility of selected public companies within the Internet and media industry with comparable characteristics to Demand Media, including similarity in size, lines of business, market capitalization, revenue and financial leverage. From our inception through December 31, 2008, the weighted average expected life of options was calculated using the simplified method as prescribed under guidance by the SEC. This decision was based on the lack of relevant historical data due to our limited experience and the lack of an active market for our common stock. Effective January 1, 2009, we calculated the weighted average expected life of our options based upon our historical experience of option exercises combined with estimates of the post-vesting holding period. The-risk free interest rate is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury notes with terms approximately equal to the expected life of the option. The expected dividend rate is zero as we currently have no history or expectation of paying cash dividends on our common stock. The forfeiture rate is established based on applicable historical forfeiture patterns adjusted for any expected changes in future periods. |
Under the Demand Media Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), eligible officers and employees could purchase a limited amount of Demand Media's common stock at a discount to the market price in accordance with the terms of the plan as described in Note 12 ("Stock-based Compensation Plans and Awards ") to our consolidated financial statements. Demand Media uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to determine the fair value of the ESPP awards granted which is recognized straight-line over the total offering period. |
Stock Repurchases | ' |
Stock Repurchases |
Under a stock repurchase plan, shares repurchased by us are accounted for when the transaction is settled. Repurchased shares held for future issuance are classified as treasury stock. Shares formally or constructively retired are deducted from common stock at par value and from additional paid in capital for the excess over par value. If additional paid in capital has been exhausted, the excess over par value is deducted from retained earnings. Direct costs incurred to acquire the shares are included in the total cost of the repurchased shares. |
Product Development and Software Development Costs | ' |
Product Development and Software Development Costs |
Product development expenses consist primarily of expenses incurred in research and development, software engineering and web design activities and related personnel compensation to create, enhance and deploy our software infrastructure. Product and software development costs, other than software development costs qualifying for capitalization, are expensed as incurred. Costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use that are incurred in the preliminary project and post implementation stages are expensed as incurred. Certain costs incurred during the application and development stage, which include compensation and related expenses, costs of computer hardware and software, and costs incurred in developing additional features and functionality of the services, are capitalized. The estimated useful life of costs capitalized is evaluated for each specific project. Capitalized costs are generally amortized using the straight-line method over a three year estimated useful life, beginning in the period in which the software is ready for its intended use. Unamortized amounts are included in property and equipment, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net book value of capitalized software development costs is $17.6 million (net of $30.8 million accumulated amortization) and $15.3 million (net of $24.5 million accumulated amortization) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
Deferred income taxes are recognized for differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities at the enacted statutory tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and recognizes a valuation allowance for our deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a future benefit on such deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in our income tax (benefit) provision in the accompanying statements of operations. |
Net Income (Loss) Per Share | ' |
Net Income (Loss) Per Share |
Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Net loss attributable to common stockholders is increased for cumulative preferred stock dividends earned during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive common shares. We reported net losses for the years ended December 31, 2013, and 2011, all potentially dilutive common shares comprising of stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock from the employee stock purchase plan, warrants and convertible preferred stock are considered antidilutive for those periods. |
RSUs and other restricted awards are considered outstanding common shares and included in the computation of basic earnings per share as of the date that all necessary conditions of vesting are satisfied. RSUs are excluded from the dilutive earnings per share calculation when their impact is antidilutive. |
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy | ' |
Foreign Currency Transactions |
Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are charged or credited to earnings as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, foreign currency transaction gains and losses that are included in other income (expense) in the accompanying statements of operations were not significant. |
Foreign Currency Translation |
The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars. Where the functional currency of a foreign subsidiary is its local currency, balance sheet accounts are translated at the current exchange rate and income statement items are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Gains and losses resulting from translation are accumulated in accumulated other comprehensive earnings within stockholders’ equity. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
We chose not to elect the fair value option for our financial assets and liabilities that had not been previously carried at fair value. Therefore, material financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value, such as trade accounts receivable and payables, are reported at their carrying values. |
The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, receivables from domain name registries, registry deposits, restricted cash, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and customer deposits approximate fair value because of their short maturities. For the term loans and revolving loan facility, the carrying amount approximate fair value since they bear interest at variable rates or fixed rates which approximates fair value. Our investments in marketable securities are recorded at fair value. Certain assets, including equity investments, investments held at cost, goodwill and intangible assets are also subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, if they are deemed to be impaired as the result of an impairment review. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, no impairments were recorded on those assets required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. (Refer to Note 17 for additional information). |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
Presentation of unrecognized tax benefits |
In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued guidance regarding the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. Under certain circumstances, unrecognized tax benefits should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2013 on either a prospective or retrospective basis. We did not adopt this guidance early and we do not anticipate it to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |
Reclassification of accumulated other comprehensive loss |
In February 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standards update requiring new disclosures about reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income. These disclosures may be presented on the face of the statements or in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The standards update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |