| The Company, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
| Dec. 31, 2016 |
| The Company, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | |
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation
The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. |
| Basis of Consolidation | Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. |
| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires the Company’s management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the financial statements include, but are not limited to, the estimated lives that the Company uses for revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, valuation and realizability of deferred tax assets and uncertain tax positions, fair value of stock awards issued, fair value of warrants issued, accounting for business combinations, evaluating goodwill, long-lived assets for impairment, realization of prepaid royalties and fair value of investments. Actual results may differ from these estimates and these differences may be material. |
| Variable Interest Entities | Variable Interest Entities
The Company has interests in other entities that are variable interest entities (“VIEs”). Determining whether to consolidate a VIE requires judgment in assessing (i) whether an entity is a VIE and (ii) if the Company is the entity’s primary beneficiary and thus required to consolidate the entity. To determine if the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the Company evaluates whether it has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company’s evaluation includes identification of significant activities and an assessment of its ability to direct those activities based on governance provisions and other applicable agreements and circumstances. The Company’s assessment of whether it is the primary beneficiary of its VIEs requires significant assumptions and judgment. |
| Investments | Investments
The Company’s investments consist of equity investments and investments in financial instruments of unconsolidated entities. The Company monitors its investments for impairment and makes appropriate reductions in carrying values if it determines that an impairment charge is required based on qualitative and quantitative information. The investments are included in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets. |
| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue through in-app purchases within its games on smartphones and tablets, such as Apple’s iPhone and iPad and mobile devices utilizing Google’s Android operating system. Smartphone and tablet games are distributed primarily through Digital Storefronts.
Revenue
The Company distributes its games for smartphones and tablets to the end customer through Digital Storefronts. Within these Digital Storefronts, users can download the Company’s free-to-play games and pay to acquire virtual currency which can be redeemed in the game for virtual goods. The Company recognizes revenue, when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the service has been provided to the user, the price paid by the user is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Determining whether and when some of these criteria have been satisfied requires judgments that may have a significant impact on the timing and amount of revenue the Company reports in each period. For the purposes of determining when the service has been provided to the player, the Company has determined that an implied obligation exists to the paying user to continue displaying the purchased virtual goods within the game over the estimated average playing period of paying players for the game, which represents the Company’s best estimate of the estimated average life of virtual goods.
The Company sells both consumable and durable virtual goods and receives reports from the Digital Storefronts, which breakdown the various purchases made from their games over a given time period. The Company reviews these reports to determine on a per-item basis whether the purchase was a consumable virtual good or a durable virtual good. Consumable goods are items that can be purchased directly by the player through the Digital Storefront and are consumed at a predetermined time or otherwise have limitations on repeated use, while durable goods are items accessible to the user over an extended period of time. The Company’s revenue from consumable virtual goods have been insignificant over the previous three years. The Company recognizes the revenue from these items immediately, since it believes that the delivery obligation has been met and there are no further implicit or explicit performance obligations related to the purchase of that consumable virtual good. Revenue from durable virtual goods are generated through the purchase of virtual coins by users through a Digital Storefront. Players convert the virtual coins within the game to durable virtual goods such as weapons, armor or other accessories to enhance their game-playing experience. The durable virtual goods remain in the game for as long as the player continues to play. The Company believes this represents an implied service obligation, and accordingly, recognizes the revenue from the purchase of these durable virtual goods over the estimated average playing period of paying users. Based on the Company’s analysis, the estimated weighted average useful life of a paying user is approximately three months for the majority of our games, except for eight games for which the estimated weighted average useful life of a paying user has been determined to range from four to seven months primarily due to more social features and content updates in these games resulting in higher retention rates of users . If a new game is launched and only a limited period of paying player data is available, then the Company also considers other quantitative and qualitative factors, such as the playing patterns for paying users for other games with similar characteristics. While the Company believes its estimates to be reasonable based on available game player information, it may revise such estimates in the future as the games’ operation periods change. Any adjustments arising from changes in the estimates of the lives of these virtual goods would be applied to the current quarter and prospectively on the basis that such changes are caused by new information indicating a change in game player behavior patterns. Any changes in the Company’s estimates of useful lives of these virtual goods may result in revenue being recognized on a basis different from prior periods’ and may cause its operating results to fluctuate.
The Company also has relationships with certain advertising service providers for advertisements within smartphone games and revenue from these advertising providers is generated through impressions, clickthroughs, banner ads and offers. Revenue is recognized as advertisements are delivered and reported to the Company, an executed contract exists, the price is fixed or determinable and collectability has been reasonably assured. Delivery generally occurs when the advertisement has been displayed or the offer has been completed by the user. The fee received for certain offer advertisements that result in the user receiving virtual currency for redemption within a game are deferred and recognized over the average playing period of paying users.
Other Estimates and Judgments
The Company estimates revenue from Digital Storefronts and advertising service providers in the current period when reasonable estimates of these amounts can be made. Certain Digital Storefronts and advertising service providers provide reliable interim preliminary reporting and others report sales data within a reasonable time frame following the end of each month, both of which allow the Company to make reasonable estimates of revenue and therefore to recognize revenue during the reporting period. Determination of the appropriate amount of revenue recognized involves judgments and estimates that the Company believes are reasonable, but it is possible that actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates. When the Company receives the final reports, to the extent not received within a reasonable time frame following the end of each month, the Company records any differences between estimated revenue and actual revenue in the reporting period when the Company determines the actual amounts. Historically, the revenue on the final revenue report have not differed significantly from the reported revenue for the period.
Principal Agent Considerations
In accordance with ASC 605-45, Revenue Recognition: Principal Agent Considerations, the Company evaluates its Digital Storefront and advertising service provider agreements in order to determine whether or not it is acting as the principal or as an agent when selling its games or when selling advertisements within its games, which it considers in determining if revenue should be reported gross or net. The Company primarily uses Digital Storefronts for distributing its smartphone games and advertising service providers for serving advertisements within its games. Key indicators that the Company evaluates to reach this determination include:
·
the terms and conditions of the Company’s contracts with the Digital Storefronts and advertising service providers;
·
the party responsible for billing and collecting fees from the end-users, including the resolution of billing disputes;
·
whether the Company is paid a fixed percentage of the arrangement’s consideration or a fixed fee for each game, transaction, or advertisement;
·
the party which sets the pricing with the end-user, has the credit risk and provides customer support; and
·
the party responsible for the fulfillment of the game or serving of advertisements and that determines the specifications of the game or advertisement.
Based on the evaluation of the above indicators, the Company has determined that it is generally acting as a principal and is the primary obligor to end-users for smartphone games distributed through digital storefronts and advertisements served through our advertising service providers. Therefore, the Company recognizes revenue related to these arrangements on a gross basis, when the necessary information about the gross amounts or platform fees charged, before any adjustments, are made available by the Digital Storefronts and advertising service providers. |
| Deferred Platform Commissions and Royalties | Deferred Platform Commissions and Royalties
Digital Storefronts retain platform commissions and fees on each purchase made by the paying players through the Digital Storefront. The Company is also obligated to pay ongoing licensing fees in the form of royalties related to the games developed based on or significantly incorporating licensed brands, properties or other content, and the Company plans to incorporate additional licensed content in even its own originally branded games. Additionally, certain smartphone games sold through digital storefronts require the revenue to be deferred due to an implied obligation to the paying player to continue displaying the purchased virtual goods within the game over the estimated average playing period of paying players for the game. As revenue from sales to paying players through Digital Storefronts are deferred, the related direct and incremental platform commissions and fees as well as third-party royalties are also deferred and reported in “Prepaid expenses and other” on the consolidated balance sheets. The deferred platform commissions and royalties are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in “Cost of revenue” in the period in which the related sales are recognized as revenue. |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company deposits cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality. Deposits held with financial institutions often exceed the amount of insurance on these deposits. |
| Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily consists of deposits related to letters of credit to secure obligations under the Company’s operating lease agreements. |
| Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.
The Company derives its accounts receivable from revenue earned from customers or through Digital Storefronts located in the U.S. and other locations outside of the U.S. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ and the Digital Storefronts’ financial condition and, generally, requires no collateral from its customers or the Digital Storefronts. The Company bases its allowance for doubtful accounts on management’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews past due balances over a specified amount individually for collectability on a monthly basis. It reviews all other balances quarterly. The Company charges off accounts receivable balances against the allowance when it determines that the amount will not be recovered.
The following table summarizes the revenue from customers or aggregate purchases through Digital Storefronts in excess of 10% of the Company’s revenue:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2014
Apple
%
%
%
Google
%
%
%
At December 31, 2016, Apple Inc. (“Apple”) accounted for 43.9%, Google Inc. (“Google”) accounted for 22.3%, Jirbo, Inc. (dba AdColony) (“Jirbo”) accounted for 10.8%, and Fyber GmbH accounted for 10.5%, of total accounts receivable. At December 31, 2015, Apple accounted for 31.4%, Jirbo accounted for 26.2%, and Google accounted for 19.2% of total accounts receivable. No other customer or Digital Storefront represented more than 10% of the Company’s total accounts receivable as of these dates. |
| Fair Value | Fair Value
The Company accounts for fair value in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”). Fair value is defined under ASC 820 as the exch ange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company uses a three tier hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The first two levels in the hierarchy are considered observable inputs and the last is considered unobservable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, which were held in operating bank accounts, are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The carrying value of accounts receivable and payables approximates fair value due to the short time to expected payment or receipt of cash. Please refer to Note 4 for further details. |
| Prepaid or Guaranteed Licensor Royalties | Prepaid or Guaranteed Licensor Royalties
The Company’s royalty expenses consist of fees that it pays to content owners for the use of their brands, properties and other licensed content, including trademarks and copyrights, in the development of the Company’s games. Royalty-based obligations are either paid in advance and capitalized on the balance sheet as prepaid royalties or accrued as incurred and subsequently paid. These royalty-based obligations are expensed to cost of revenue at the greater of the revenue derived from the relevant game multiplied by the applicable contractual rate or an effective royalty rate based on expected net product sales.
The Company’s contracts with some licensors include minimum guaranteed royalty payments, which are payable regardless of the ultimate revenue generated from end users. In accordance with ASC 440-10, Commitments (“ASC 440”), the Company recorded a minimum guaranteed liability of $26,433 and $36,404 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. When no significant performance remains with the licensor, the Company initially records each of these guarantees as an asset and as a liability at the contractual amount. When significant performance remains with the licensor, the Company records royalty payments as an asset when actually paid and as a liability when incurred, rather than upon execution of the contract. The classification of minimum royalty payment obligations between long-term and short-term is determined based on the expected timing of recoupment of earned royalties calculated on projected revenue for the licensed IP games.
Each quarter, the Company evaluates the realization of its royalties as well as any recognized guarantees not yet paid to determine amounts that it deems unlikely to be realized through product sales. The Company uses estimates of revenue, cash flows and net margins to evaluate the future realization of prepaid royalties, license fees, and guarantees. This evaluation considers multiple factors, including Level 3 inputs such as the term of the agreement, forecasted demand, game life cycle status, game development plans, and current and anticipated sales levels, as well as other qualitative factors such as the success of similar games and similar genres on mobile devices published by the Company and its competitors and/or other game platforms (e.g., consoles and personal computers) utilizing the intellectual property. To the extent that this evaluation indicates that the remaining prepaid and guaranteed royalty payments are not recoverable, the Company records an impairment charge to cost of revenue in the period that impairment is indicated. The Company recorded impairment charges to cost of revenue of $30,107, $2,502, and $257 related to prepaid guaranteed royalties and license fees paid to an affiliate of one of the Company’s principal stockholders related to the Company’s game, Rival Fire , guaranteed royalty payments related to certain of its celebrity license agreements, and certain other prepaid royalties during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. |
| Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets
In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), the Company’s goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Under ASC 350, the Company performs the annual impairment review of its goodwill balance as of September 30. This impairment review involves a multiple-step process as follows:
Step — 0 The Company evaluates qualitative factors and overall financial performance to determine whether it is necessary to perform the first step of the two-step goodwill test. This step is referred to as “Step 0.” Step 0 involves, among other qualitative factors, weighing the relative impact of factors that are specific to the reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors. After assessing those various factors, if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the entity will need to proceed to the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test.
Step — 1 The Company compares the fair value of each of its reporting units to the carrying value including goodwill of that unit. For each reporting unit where the carrying value, including goodwill, exceeds the unit’s fair value, the Company moves on to step 2. If a unit’s fair value exceeds the carrying value, no further work is performed and no impairment charge is necessary.
Step — 2 The Company performs an allocation of the fair value of the reporting unit to its identifiable tangible and intangible assets (other than goodwill) and liabilities. This allows the Company to derive an implied fair value for the unit’s goodwill. The Company then compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying value of the unit’s goodwill. If the carrying amount of the unit’s goodwill is greater than the implied fair value of its goodwill, an impairment charge would be recognized for the excess.
In 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not record any goodwill impairment charges as it was determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values of the reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values.
Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives ranging from one to nine years and are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”). |
| Long-Lived Assets | Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360. Factors considered important that could result in an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of acquired assets, significant negative industry or economic trends, and a significant decline in the Company’s stock price for a sustained period of time. The Company recognizes impairment based on the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value. Fair value is generally measured based on either quoted market prices, if available, or a discounted cash flow analysis. |
| Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment
The Company states property and equipment at cost. The Company computes depreciation or amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the lease term of the respective assets, whichever is shorter.
The depreciation and amortization periods for the Company’s property and equipment are as follows:
Computer equipment
Three years
Computer software
Three years
Furniture and fixtures
Three years
Leasehold improvements
Shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining term of lease |
| Research and Development Costs | Research and Development Costs
The Company charges costs related to research, design and development of products to research and development expense as incurred. The types of costs included in research and development expenses include salaries, third party development cost, contractor fees and allocated facilities costs. |
| Software Development Costs | Software Development Costs
The Company applies the principles of ASC 985-20, Software-Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed (“ASC 985-20”). ASC 985-20 requires that software development costs incurred in conjunction with product development be charged to research and development expense until technological feasibility is established. Thereafter, until the product is released for sale, software development costs must be capitalized and reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of the related product. The Company has adopted the “tested working model” approach to establishing technological feasibility for its games. Under this approach, the Company does not consider a game in development to have passed the technological feasibility milestone until the Company has completed a model of the game that contains essentially all the functionality and features of the final game and has tested the model to ensure that it works as expected. To date, the Company has not incurred significant costs between the establishment of technological feasibility and the release of a game for sale; thus, the Company has expensed all software development costs as incurred. The Company considers the following factors in determining whether costs can be capitalized: the uncertainty regarding a game’s revenue-generating potential and its historical practice of canceling games at any stage of the development process. |
| Internal Use Software | Internal Use Software
The Company recognizes internal use software development costs in accordance with ASC 350-40, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal Use Software (“ASC 350-40”) and ASU 2015-05, Cloud Computing Arrangements . The Company capitalizes software development costs, including costs incurred to purchase third-party software, beginning when it determines certain factors are present including, among others, that technology exists to achieve the performance requirements and/or buy versus internal development decisions have been made. The Company capitalized certain internal use software costs totaling approximately $728, $615 and $2,165 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The estimated useful life of costs capitalized is generally three years. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the amortization of capitalized software costs totaled approximately $998, $1,155 and $950, respectively. Capitalized internal use software development costs are included in property and equipment, net. |
| Income Taxes | Income Taxes
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.” This update requires an entity to classify deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent within a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2016. This update may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented. Early application is permitted as of the beginning of the interim or annual reporting period. The Company adopted ASU 2015-17 on a prospective basis as of December 31, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in its financial statements or tax returns. Under ASC 740, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the temporary difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which it expects the differences to reverse. The Company establishes valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount it expects to realize.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, which requires companies to adjust their financial statements to reflect only those tax positions that are more-likely-than-not to be sustained. ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. |
| Restructuring | Restructuring
The Company accounts for costs associated with employee terminations and other exit activities in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”). The Company records employee termination benefits as an operating expense when it communicates the benefit arrangement to the employee and it requires no significant future services, other than a minimum retention period, from the employee to earn the termination benefits. |
| Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation
The Company applies the fair value provisions of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of stock-option awards on the grant date using an option pricing model. The fair value of stock options and stock purchase rights granted pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans and 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), respectively, is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The determination of fair value is affected by the stock price, as well as assumptions regarding subjective and complex variables such as expected employee exercise behavior and expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the award. Generally, these assumptions are based on historical information and judgment is required to determine if historical trends may be indicators of future outcomes. Employee stock-based compensation expense is calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates and an adjustment to stock-based compensation expense will be recognized at that time. Changes to the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option valuation calculation and the forfeiture rate, as well as future equity granted or assumed through acquisitions could significantly impact the compensation expense the Company recognizes. The cost of RSUs is determined using the fair value of the Company’s common stock based on the quoted closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, and is reduced for estimated forfeitures. The compensation cost for all share-based payment awards is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
The Company has elected to use the “with and without” approach under which windfall benefit is recognized only if an incremental benefit is provided after considering all other tax attributes presently available to the Company. As a result, the Company will only recognize a tax benefit from stock-based awards in additional paid-in capital if an incremental tax benefit is realized after all other tax attributes currently available to the Company have been utilized. In addition, the Company has elected to account for the indirect effects of stock-based awards on other tax attributes, such as the research tax credit, through its statement of operations.
The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 and ASC 505-50. |
| Advertising Expenses | Advertising Expenses
The Company expenses the production costs of advertising, including direct response advertising, the first time the advertising takes place. Advertising expense was $37,408, $38,481 and $35,169 in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. |
| Comprehensive Income/(loss) | Comprehensive Income/(loss)
Comprehensive income/(loss) consists of two components, net income/(loss) and other comprehensive income/(loss). Other comprehensive income/(loss) refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity but are excluded from net income/(loss). The Company’s other comprehensive income/(loss) included foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency, and a reclassification to net loss from the write-off of cumulative translation adjustment. |
| Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation
In preparing its consolidated financial statements, the Company translates the financial statements of its foreign subsidiaries from their functional currencies, the local currency, into U.S. Dollars. This process resulted in unrealized exchange gains and losses, which are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ deficit. However, if the functional currency is deemed to be the U.S. Dollar, any gain or loss associated with the translation of these financial statements would be included in other expense within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments include any gain or loss associated with the translation of a subsidiary’s financial statements when the functional currency of a subsidiary is the local currency. If the Company disposes of any of its subsidiaries, any cumulative translation gains or losses would be realized and recorded in other expense within the Company’s consolidated statement of operations in the period during which the disposal occurs. If the Company determines that there has been a change in the functional currency of a subsidiary relative to the U.S. Dollar, any translation gains or losses arising after the date of change would be included in other expense within the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. |
| Business Combination | Business Combination
The Company applies the accounting standard related to business combinations, ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805’). The standard requires recognition of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and contingent consideration at their fair value on the acquisition date with subsequent changes recognized in earnings; requires acquisition-related expenses and restructuring costs to be recognized separately from the business combination and expensed as incurred; requires in-process research and development to be capitalized at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until completion or abandonment; and requires that changes in accounting for deferred tax asset valuation allowances and acquired income tax uncertainties after the measurement period be recognized as a component of provision for taxes.
The Company accounts for acquisitions of entities or assets that include inputs and processes and have the ability to create outputs as business combinations. The purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to tangible assets, liabilities, and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses and restructuring costs are expensed as incurred. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as a part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the business combination date, these estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the preliminary purchase price allocation period, which may be up to one year from the business combination date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. After the preliminary purchase price allocation period, the Company records adjustments to assets acquired or liabilities assumed subsequent to the purchase price allocation period in its operating results in the period in which the adjustments were determined. |
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) . This amendment requires management to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, which evaluation is currently performed by the external auditors. Management will be required to perform this assessment for both interim and annual reporting periods and must make certain disclosures if it concludes that substantial doubt exists. This amendment is effective for annual and interim periods ending after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have any effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 as no substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
In January 2017, the FASB” issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) , Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment . This new accounting standard update simplifies the measurement of goodwill by eliminating the Step 2 impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The new guidance requires an entity to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The new guidance becomes effective for goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, though early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this new guidance .
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) , which clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The standard will be effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-19, Technical Corrections and Improvements . The amendments in ASU 2016-19 represent changes to clarify the accounting standard codification, correct unintended application of guidance, or make minor improvements to the accounting standards codification that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. For public companies, the standard is effective immediately for amendments that do not have transition guidance. Amendments that are subject to transition guidance, the effective date is interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of those amendments on its consolidated financial statements. The Company adopted the standard immediately upon issuance for amendments that do not have transition guidance. The adoption of the standard did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash , which requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows. The standard will be effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 . Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements .
In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory . ASU 2016-16 requires that an entity recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718 ): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . The new guidance, which simplifies the accounting and presentation for share-based payments, provides for a number of amendments which impact the accounting for income taxes and the accounting for forfeitures. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2016 and requires varied adoption methods for each respective amendment. The Company will adopt this standard in the first quarter of 2017. It is currently working with its stock administrator to determine the exact quantitative impact of the revised standard; however the Company believes that the impact will be limited to a true up entry between additional paid-in capital and retained earnings with no impact to the income statement. Additionally, the Company plans to make a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases . The guidance requires lessees to recognize most leases as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. Qualitative and quantitative disclosures will be enhanced to better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 31, 2018. The updated standard mandates a modified retrospective transition method with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities . The guidance requires entities to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for a practicability exception. The updated standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17 Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes . The guidance requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this guidance on a prospective basis as of December 31, 2015. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. See "Note 10 - Income Taxes" for additional information.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company does not plan to early adopt, and accordingly, will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2018. The FASB recently issued several amendments to the standard, including clarifications on disclosure of prior-period performance obligations and remaining performance obligations.
The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the cumulative catch-up transition method). The Company has not yet selected a transition method.
The Company is in initial stages of evaluation of the impact of the new standard on its accounting policies, processes, and system requirements. It has assigned internal resources in addition to the engagement of third party service providers to assist in the evaluation. While the Company is continuing to assess all potential impacts of this standard, it will continue to be considered the principal in its transactions and is the primary obligor to end-users for smartphone games distributed through digital storefronts and advertisements served through its advertising service providers. Therefore, revenue related to these arrangements will continue to be recognized on a gross basis, if the necessary information about the gross amounts or platform fees charged, before any adjustments, are made available to the Company by the digital storefronts and advertising service providers. |
