| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Segment information The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews consolidated financial information for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. Revenue recognition The Company derives its revenue primarily from subscription services and professional services. Revenue is recognized when control of these services is transferred to the Company ’ s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services, net of any sales taxes. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: • identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; • identification of the performance obligations in the contract; • determination of the transaction price; • allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and • recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Subscription revenue Subscription revenue primarily consists of fees from customers for access to the Company’s cloud-based platform . S ubscription revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription contract term, beginning on the date the access to the Company ’ s platform is provided, as no implementation work is required, if consideration the Company is entitled to receive is probable of collection. S ubscription contracts generally have terms of one year or one month, are billed in advance, and are non-cancelable. The subscription arrangements do not allow the customer the contractual right to take possession of the platform; as such, the arrangements are considered to be service contracts. Certain of the Company ’ s subscription contracts contain performance guarantees related to service continuity. To date, refunds related to such guarantees have been immaterial in all periods presented. Professional services revenue Professional services revenue primarily includes revenue recognized from fees for consulting and training services. The Company’s consulting services consist of platform configuration and use case optimization, and are primarily invoiced on a time and materials basis, monthly in arrears. Services revenue is recognized over time, as service hours are delivered. Smaller consulting engagements are, on occasion, provided for a fixed fee. These smaller consulting arrangements are typically of short duration (less than three months). In these cases, revenue is recognized over time, based on the proportion of hours of work performed, compared to the total hours expected to complete the engagement. Configuration and use case optimization services do not result in significant customization or modification of the software platform or user interface. Training services are billed in advance, on a fixed-fee basis, and revenue is recognized after the training program is delivered, or after customer’s right to receive training services expires. Associated out-of-pocket travel expenses related to the delivery of professional services are typically reimbursed by the customer. Out-of-pocket expense reimbursements are recognized as revenue at the point in time, or as the distinct performance obligation to which they relate is delivered. Out-of-pocket expenses are recognized as cost of professional services as incurred. On occasion, the Company sells its subscriptions to third-party resellers. The price at which the Company sells to the reseller is typically discounted, as compared to the price at which the Company would sell to an end customer, in order to enable the reseller to realize a margin on the eventual sale to the end customer. As the Company retains a fixed amount of the contract from the reseller, and does not have visibility into the pricing provided by the reseller to the end customer, the revenue is recorded net of any reseller margin. Contracts with multiple performance obligations Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. The Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately, as they have been determined to be distinct, i.e., the services are separately identifiable from other items in the arrangement and the customer can benefit from them on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The transaction price is allocated to the distinct performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. Stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells subscription, consulting, and training services, and based on t he Company’s overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions, value of t he Company’s contracts, the types of offerings sold, customer demographics, and other factors. Accounts receivable Accounts receivable are primarily comprised of trade receivables that are recorded at the invoice amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Subscription fees billed in advance of the related subscription term represent contract liabilities and are presented as accounts receivable and deferred revenues upon establishment of the unconditional right to invoice, typically upon signing of the non-cancelable service agreement. Our typical payment terms provide for customer payment within 30 days of the date of the contract. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of accounts by considering the composition of the accounts receivable aging and historical trends on collectability. Amounts deemed uncollectible are recorded to the allowance for doubtful accounts in the consolidated balance sheets with an offsetting decrease in related deferred revenue and a charge to general and administrative expense in the statements of operations . During the year ended January 31, 2019, activity related to the Company’s provision for doubtful accounts was as follows (in thousands): Balance at January 31, 2018 $ 457 Additions 1,626 Write-offs (849 ) Balance at January 31, 2019 $ 1,234 Activity related to the Company’s provision for doubtful accounts during the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows (in thousands): Balance at January 31, 2016 $ 24 Additions, net of write-offs 80 Balance at January 31, 2017 104 Additions, net of write-offs 353 Balance at January 31, 2018 $ 457 Deferred revenue Deferred revenue is recorded for subscription services contracts upon establishment of unconditional right to payment under a non-cancelable contract before transferring the related services to the customer. Deferred revenue for such services is amortized into revenue over time, as those subscription services are delivered. Similarly, the Company records deferred revenue for fixed-fee professional services upon establishment of an unconditional right to payment under a non-cancelable contract. Deferred revenue for training services is recognized as revenue upon delivery of training services or upon expiration of customer’s right to receive such services. Deferred revenue for consulting services is recognized as hours of service are delivered to the customer. Deferred commissions The majority of sales commissions earned by the Company ’s sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions are paid on initial contracts and on any upsell contracts with a customer. No sales commissions are paid on customer renewals. Sales commissions are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that the Company has determined to be three years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its customer contracts, expected customer life, the expected life of its technology, and other factors. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying statements of operations. Overhead allocations The Company allocates shared costs, such as facilities (including rent, utilities, and depreciation on equipment shared by all departments), and information technology costs to all departments based on headcount. As such, allocated shared costs are reflected in each cost of revenue and operating expense category. Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from date of purchase to be cash equivalents. C ash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents is recorded in interest income (expense) and other, net in the accompanying statements of operations. Interest income was $3.3 million , $0.5 million , and $0.4 million for the years ended January 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respec tively. Restricted cash Restricted cash as of January 31, 2019 consisted of $1.8 million related to collateral for an irrevocable letter of credit (entered into during the year ended January 31, 2019 ) for additional office space in Bellevue, and $0.8 million primarily related to security deposits for the Company’s Bellevue, Boston, London, and Edinburgh leases. Restricted cash as of January 31, 2018 consisted of $2.4 million related to collateral for irrevocable letters of credit and $0.5 million related to security deposits. The letters of credit that were outstanding as of January 31, 2018 were still in effect as of January 31, 2019 ; however, the requirement to maintain $2.4 million in cash collateral for those letters of credit was removed during the year ended January 31, 2019 , and the restricted cash balance was reduced by this amount. Restricted cash as of January 31, 2017 consisted of $1.6 million related to letters of credit for the Company’s Bellevue and Boston leases and $0.3 million related to a security deposit for the Company’s Boston lease. Cash as reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows includes the aggregate amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the consolidated balance sheets. Cash as reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows consists of the following (in thousands): January 31, 2019 2018 2017 Cash and cash equivalents $ 213,085 $ 58,158 $ 22,086 Restricted cash 2,620 2,901 1,927 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 215,705 $ 61,059 $ 24,013 Property and equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: Computer equipment 3 years Computer software 3 years Furniture and fixtures 5-7 years Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the expected useful lives of the assets or the related lease term. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Internal-use software development costs The Company capitalizes certain qualifying costs incurred during the application development stage in connection with the development of internal-use software. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed in research and development (“R&D”) as incurred. R&D expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, hardware- and software-related costs, costs of outside services used to supplement our internal staff, and overhead allocations. Internal-use software costs of $3.5 million were capitalized in the year ended January 31, 2019 , of which $1.5 million related to costs incurred during the application development stage of software development for the Company’s platform to which subscriptions are sold. Internal-use software costs of $3.4 million were capitalized in the year ended January 31, 2018 , none of which related to costs incurred during the application development stage of software development for the Company’s platform to which subscriptions are sold. Capitalized software development costs are included within property and equipment, net on the balance sheets, and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, which is typically three years . The related amortization expense is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss within the function that receives the benefit of the developed software. Amortization expense of capitalized internal-use software costs totaled $1.0 million and $0.2 million for the years ended January 31, 2019 and 2018. There was no amortization expense of capitalized internal-use software costs for the year ended January 31, 2017. The Company evaluates the useful lives of these assets and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset group is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated. If the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, the assets are determined to be impaired and an impairment charge is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. No impairments of long-lived assets were recorded during any of the periods presented. Business combinations When we acquire a business, the purchase price is allocated to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. Any residual purchase price is recorded as goodwill. The allocation of the purchase price requires management to make significant estimates in determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, especially with respect to intangible assets. These estimates can include, but are not limited to, the cash flows that an asset is expected to generate in the future, the appropriate weighted-average cost of capital, and the cost savings expected to be derived from acquiring an asset. These estimates are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be recorded, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations. Goodwill The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis (September 1), or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. When evaluating goodwill for impairment, the Company may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit is impaired. If the Company does not perform a qualitative assessment, or if the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, the Company calculates the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. Fair value is the price a willing buyer would pay for the reporting unit and is typically calculated using a discounted cash flow model. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. Leases and deferred rent Leases are categorized at their inception as either operating or capital leases. Some lease agreements include incentives. Rent expense on t he Company’s operating leases for office space is recognized using the straight-line method, over the term of the agreement generally beginning once control of the space is achieved, without regard to payment terms that defer the commencement date of required rent payments. Additionally, incentives received are treated as a reduction of expense over the term of the agreement. The difference between the rent payments and the calculated rent expense using the straight-line methodology is recorded as a deferred rent liability within the other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities captions in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, based on the terms of the lease. Deferred rent as of January 31, 2019 and 2018 was $2.0 million and $0.6 million , respectively. The Company begins to depreciate its capital lease assets, which mainly relate to leased data center equipment, once such equipment is received and ready for its intended use. Self-funded health insurance In December 2017, the Company elected to partially self-fund its health insurance plan. To reduce its risk related to high-dollar claims, the Company maintains individual and aggregate stop-loss insurance. The Company estimates its exposure for claims incurred but not paid at the end of each reporting period and uses historical claims data to estimate its self-insurance liability. As of January 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s net self-insurance reserve estimate was $0.8 million and $0.6 million , respectively, included in other accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Advertising expenses Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred, and are included in sales and marketing expense in the statements of operations. Advertising and marketing expenses we re $20.6 million , $14.8 million , and $10.5 million for the years ended January 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respec tively. Deferred offering costs Deferred offering costs of $3.4 million , primarily consisting of legal, accounting, and other fees related to the IPO, were offset against proceeds upon the closing of the IPO on May 1, 2018. Convertible preferred stock warrant liability The Company classified its warrant to purchase convertible preferred stock as a liability. The Company adjusted the carrying valu e of the warrant liability to fair value at the end of each reporting period utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model . The convertible preferred stock warrant liability was included on the Compan y’s consolidated balance sheets and its revaluation was recorded as an expense in interest income (expe nse) and other, net. Upon the closing of the IPO on May 1, 2018, the related warrant liability was reclassified to additional paid-in capital. Share-based compensation The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all share-based awards granted to employees and directors, based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant. Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award based on the estimated portion of the award that is expected to vest. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to measure the fair value of stock option awards when they are granted. The Company makes several estimates in determining share-based compensation and these estimates generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. Income taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount for which realization is more likely than not. The Company evaluates and accounts for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained in an audit. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company reflects interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities as a component of income tax expense. Concentrations of risk and significant customers Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash, cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash accounts with financial institutions where deposits, at times, exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) limits. No individual customers represented more than 10% of accounts receivable as of the years ended January 31, 2019 or 2018 . No individual customers represented more than 10% of revenue for the years ended January 31, 2019 , 2018 , or 2017. Net loss per share Holders of t he Company’s convertible preferred stock participated in dividends with holders of t he Company’s common stock, but they were not contractually required to share in net losses. Accordingly, during periods of income, the Company was required to use the two-class method of calculating earnings per share. The two-class method requires that earnings per share be calculated separately for each class of security. As t he Company incurred losses during the periods presented, t he Company used the methods described below to calculate net loss per share. The Company calculates basic net loss per share by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of the Company’s common stock shares outstanding during the respective period. Net loss attributable to common shareholders is net loss minus convertible preferred stock dividends declared, of which there were none during the periods presented. The Company calculates diluted net loss per share using the treasury stock and if-converted methods, which consider the potential impacts of outstanding stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), shares issuable pursuant to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), warrants, and convertible preferred stock. Under these methods, the numerator and denominator of the net loss per share calculation are adjusted for these securities if the impact of doing so increases net loss per share. During the periods presented, the impact is to decrease net loss per share and therefore the Company is precluded from adjusting its calculation for these securities. As a result, diluted net loss per share is calculated using the same formula as basic net loss per share. Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016‑09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, (“ASU 2016‑09”) , which simplifies the accounting and reporting of share-based payment transactions, including adjustments to how excess tax benefits and payments for tax withholdings should be classified, and provides the election to eliminate the estimate for forfeitures. The Company adopted this ASU effective February 1, 2018. The adoption resulted in the recognition of a U.S. deferred tax asset, which was fully offset by a corresponding increase to the valuation allowance on our U.S. federal and state deferred income tax assets, and therefore did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The Company did not elect to eliminate the estimate for forfeitures. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which aims to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 requires adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case the Company would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company adopted this ASU effective February 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (“ASU 2016-18”). This guidance is intended to clarify how entities present restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The guidance requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. When cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are presented in more than one line item on the balance sheet, the new guidance requires a reconciliation of the totals in the statement of cash flows to the related captions in the balance sheet. The reconciliation can be presented either on the face of the statement of cash flows or in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, but early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this ASU effective February 1, 2018, retrospectively applying the new guidance to the comparative period presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows. As a result of the adoption of this ASU, because movements to and from cash and restricted cash are no longer shown separately on the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company’s cash used in investing activities decreased by $1.0 million for the year ended January 31, 2018 and the cash provided by investing activities increased by $0.6 million for the year ended January 31, 2017 . In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”) , which simplifies the measurement of goodwill impairment. Under this new guidance, an impairment charge, if triggered, is calculated as the difference between a reporting unit’s carrying value and fair value, but it is limited to the carrying value of goodwill. The guidance is effective prospectively for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this guidance effective February 1, 2018 and applied the new guidance when evaluating goodwill for impairment during the year ended January 31, 2019. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”) , which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The guidance is effective prospectively for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance effective February 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases: Topic (842) (“ASU 2016-02”) and has modified the standard thereafter. This standard requires the recognition of a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. This standard also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. We will adopt the new lease accounting standard on February 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective transition method and recording a cumulative-effect balance sheet adjustment. The adoption of the new lease accounting standard will have a material impact on our balance sheet on the date of adoption, primarily due to our office space operating leases discussed in Note 14. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2018-15”) , which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. |
