Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation The Company has issued incentive and non-qualifying stock options to employees and non-employee directors under the 2005 Stock Option/Restricted Stock Plan (the “2005 Plan”), the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”), and the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The Company has also issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees and non-employee directors pursuant to the 2015 Plan and the 2018 Plan. Stock options are granted with exercise prices at the fair value of the underlying common stock on the grant date, in general vest based on continuous employment over four years , and expire 10 years from the date of grant. RSUs are measured based on the grant date fair value of the awards and in general vest based on continuous employment over four years . 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In April 2018, we adopted our 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The ESPP became effective on April 26, 2018, with the effective date of our initial public offering. Under our ESPP, eligible employees are able to acquire shares of our Class A common stock by accumulating funds through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their compensation, subject to plan limitations. Purchases are accomplished through participation in discrete offering periods. Each offering period is six months (commencing each March 25 and September 25) and consists of one six -month purchase period, unless otherwise determined by our board of directors or our compensation committee. The purchase price for shares of our common stock purchased under our ESPP is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period or (ii) the last trading day of the purchase period in the applicable offering period. The aggregate number of shares reserved for sale under our ESPP will increase automatically on February 1 of each of the first 10 calendar years after the first offering date under the ESPP by the number of shares equal to 1% of the total outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock as of the immediately preceding January 31 (rounded to the nearest whole share) or such lesser number of shares as may be determined by our board of directors in any particular year. The aggregate number of shares issued over the term of our ESPP, subject to stock-splits, recapitalizations or similar events, may not exceed 20,400,000 shares of our Class A common stock. Stock options The following table includes a summary of the option activity during the six months ended July 31, 2019 : Options Outstanding Weighted-Average Exercise Price Outstanding at January 31, 2019 12,451,739 $ 5.72 Granted 600,592 38.37 Exercised and awarded (2,061,679 ) 4.73 Forfeited or canceled (246,500 ) 8.91 Outstanding at July 31, 2019 10,744,152 7.66 Exercisable at July 31, 2019 4,944,779 4.28 Restricted stock units The following table includes a summary of the RSU activity during the six months ended July 31, 2019 : Number of Shares Underlying Outstanding RSUs Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per RSU Outstanding at January 31, 2019 845,199 $ 24.17 Granted 1,993,706 40.67 Vested (116,989 ) 16.31 Forfeited or canceled (118,367 ) 34.11 Outstanding at July 31, 2019 2,603,549 36.71 The following table includes a summary of shares available for issuance under our 2018 Plan and our 2018 ESPP during the six months ended July 31, 2019 : Shares Available for Issuance 2018 Plan 2018 ESPP Balance at January 31, 2019 8,458,343 1,719,782 Authorized 5,248,572 1,049,714 Granted (2,594,298 ) (172,521 ) Forfeited 364,867 — Balance at July 31, 2019 11,477,484 2,596,975 As of July 31, 2019 , $4.0 million has been withheld on behalf of employees for a future purchase under the ESPP and is recorded in accrued compensation and related benefits. Share-based compensation expense Share-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Cost of subscription revenue $ 356 $ 84 $ 591 $ 118 Cost of professional services revenue 298 150 515 197 Research and development 3,317 1,378 5,589 2,043 Sales and marketing 3,276 1,370 5,385 1,884 General and administrative 1,839 1,116 3,303 1,698 Total share-based compensation expense $ 9,086 $ 4,098 $ 15,383 $ 5,940 |