Exhibit 99.2
COMPLETE APPRAISAL OF
REAL PROPERTY
Vacant Land
N/W/C of Rockaway Beach Blvd. & Beach 49th Street
Arverne, Queens County, NY
IN A SELF-CONTAINED APPRAISAL REPORT
As of February 2, 2006
Prepared For:
Triboro Coach Holding Corp., Green Bus Holding Corp., GTJ Co. Inc., GTJ Co. Inc., Jamaica Bus Holding Corp. and their respective shareholders
444 Merrick Road
Lynbrook, NY 11563
Prepared By:
Cushman & Wakefield, Inc.
Valuation Services
51 West 52nd Street, 9th Floor
New York, NY 10019-6178
C&W File ID: 06-12002-9224
VALUATION SERVICES |
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| Cushman & Wakefield, Inc. |
| 51 West 52nd Street, 9th Floor |
| New York, NY 10019-6178 |
| 212-841-7604 Tel |
| 212-841-7849 fax |
| phil_cadorette@cushwake.com |
February 25, 2006
C/O Mr. Paul Cooper
Triboro Coach Holding Corp., Green Bus Holding Corp., GTJ Co. Inc., GTJ Co. Inc., Jamaica Bus Holding Corp. and their respective shareholders
444 Merrick Road
Lynbrook, NY 11563
Re: | Complete Appraisal of Real Property |
| In a Self-Contained Report |
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| Vacant Land |
| N/W/C of Rockaway Beach Blvd. & Beach 49th Street |
| Arverne, Queens County, NY 11208 |
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| C&W File ID: 06-12002-9224 |
Dear Mr. Cooper:
In fulfillment of our agreement as outlined in the Letter of Engagement, we are pleased to transmit our complete appraisal report on the property referenced above.
The value opinion reported below is qualified by certain assumptions, limiting conditions, certifications, and definitions, which are set forth in the report. We particularly call your attention to the following extraordinary assumptions and hypothetical conditions:
Extraordinary Assumptions: | This appraisal employs no extraordinary assumptions. |
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Hypothetical Conditions: | This appraisal employs no hypothetical conditions. |
This report was prepared for Triboro Coach Holding Corp., Green Bus Holding Corp., GTJ Co. Inc., Jamaica Bus Holding Corp. and their respective shareholders and is intended only for their specified use. It may not be distributed to or relied upon by any other persons or entities without the written permission of Cushman & Wakefield, Inc.
This appraisal report has been prepared in accordance with our interpretation of your institutions guidelines, Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP), including the Competency Provision.
The property was inspected by and the report was prepared by Philip P. Cadorette, MAI.
This appraisal employs only the Sales Comparison Approach. Based on our analysis and knowledge of the subject property type and relevant investor profiles, it is our opinion that this approach would be considered necessary and applicable for market participants. The subject’s age makes it difficult to accurately form an opinion of depreciation and tends to make the Cost
Approach unreliable. Furthermore, because the subject property is a specialized land use, it is not typically marketed, purchased or sold on the basis of anticipated lease-income. Therefore, we have not employed the Cost Approach or the Income Capitalization Approach to develop an opinion of market value.
Market Value As Is
Based on our Complete Appraisal as defined by the USPAP, we have developed an opinion that the Market Value of the Fee Simple estate of the referenced property, subject to the assumptions and limiting conditions, certifications, extraordinary and hypothetical conditions, if any, and definitions, “As Is” on February 2, 2006 is:
NINETY-FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS
$95,000
Based on recent market transactions, as well as discussions with market participants, a sale of the subject property at the above-stated opinion of market value would have required an exposure time of approximately nine (9) months. Furthermore, a marketing period of approximately nine (9) months is currently warranted for the subject property.
This letter is invalid as an opinion of value if detached from the report, which contains the text, exhibits, and Addenda.
Respectfully submitted,
CUSHMAN & WAKEFIELD, INC.
/s/ Philip P. Cadorette |
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Philip P. Cadorette, MAI | |
Director | |
New York Certified General Appraiser | |
License No. 46000003076 | |
phil_cadorette@cushwake.com | |
212-841-7604 Office Direct | |
212-841-7849 Fax |
SUMMARY OF SALIENT FACTS
Common Property Name: | Vacant Land |
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Location: | N/W/C of Rockaway Beach Blvd. & Beach 49th Street Arverne, Queens County, NY 11208 The subject is located along the N/E/C of Rockaway Beach Boulevard and Beach 49th Street. |
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Property Description: | The property is a small vacant site containing 0.072-acre parcel of land. |
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Assessor’s Parcel Number: | Block: 15841, Lots: 3 |
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Interest Appraised: | Fee Simple Estate |
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Date of Value: | February 2, 2006 |
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Date of Inspection: | February 2, 2006 |
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Ownership: | GTJ Co., Inc. |
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Occupancy: | The subject property is a small vacant site. |
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Current Property Taxes |
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Total Assessment: | $11,430 |
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2005/2006 Property Taxes: | $1,292 |
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Highest and Best Use |
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If Vacant: | A commercial or industrial building developed to the highest density possible for a specific user |
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As Improved: | N/A |
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Site & Improvements |
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Zoning: | C8-1 |
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Land Area: | 0.07 acres 3,145 square feet |
VALUE INDICATORS |
| Market Value As Is |
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Land Value |
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Indicated Value: |
| $ | 95,000 |
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Per Square Foot / FAR: |
| $ | 30.21 |
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Per Acre: |
| $ | 1,315,803 |
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Sales Comparison Approach: |
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Indicated Value: |
| $ | 95,000 |
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Per Square Foot (NRA): |
| $ | 30.21 |
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Income Capitalization Approach |
| N/A |
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Final Value Conclusion |
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Concluded Value: |
| $ | 95,000 |
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Per Square Foot (NRA): |
| $ | 30.21 |
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Exposure Time: |
| 9 Months |
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Marketing Time: |
| 9 Months |
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Extraordinary Assumptions and Hypothetical Conditions
Extraordinary Assumptions
An extraordinary assumption is defined by the USPAP (2004 Edition, The Appraisal Foundation, page 3) as “an assumption, directly related to a specific assignment, which, if found to be false, could alter the appraiser’s opinions or conclusions. Extraordinary assumptions presume as fact otherwise uncertain information about physical, legal or economic characteristics of the subject property; or about conditions external to the property, such as market conditions or trends; or about the integrity of data used in an analysis.”
This appraisal employs no extraordinary assumptions.
Hypothetical Conditions
A hypothetical condition is defined by the USPAP (2004 Edition, The Appraisal Foundation, page 3) as “that which is contrary to what exists but is supposed for the purpose of analysis. Hypothetical conditions assume conditions contrary to known facts about physical, legal, or economic characteristics of the subject property; or about conditions external to the property, such as market conditions or trends; or about the integrity of data used in an analysis.”
This appraisal employs no hypothetical conditions.
[Pictures Omitted]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
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REGIONAL MAP | 6 |
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NEW YORK CITY REGIONAL ANALYSIS | 7 |
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LOCAL AREA MAP | 13 |
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LOCAL AREA ANALYSIS | 14 |
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SITE DESCRIPTION | 16 |
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REAL PROPERTY TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS | 20 |
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ZONING | 21 |
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HIGHEST AND BEST USE | 23 |
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VALUATION PROCESS | 24 |
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LAND VALUATION | 26 |
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RECONCILIATION AND FINAL VALUE OPINION | 32 |
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ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS | 34 |
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CERTIFICATION OF APPRAISAL | 37 |
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ADDENDA | 38 |
INTRODUCTION
Identification of Property
Common Property Name: | Vacant Land |
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Location: | N/W/C of Rockaway Beach Blvd. & Beach 49th Street Arverne, Queens County, NY 11208 The subject is located along the N/E/C of Rockaway Beach Boulevard and Beach 49th Street. |
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Property Description: | The property is a vacant site containing a 0.072-acre parcel of land. |
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Assessor’s Parcel Number: | Block: 15841, Lots: 3 |
Property Ownership and Recent History
Current Ownership: | GTJ Co., Inc. |
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Sale History: | To the best of our knowledge, the property has not transferred within the past three years. |
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Current Disposition: | To the best of our knowledge the subject is not in contract nor being marketed for sale. Our appraisal is being completed for internal decision making which may lead to a sale. |
Intended Use and Users of the Appraisal
This appraisal is intended to provide an opinion of the Market Value of the Fee Simple interest in the property for the exclusive use of Triboro Coach Holding Corp., Green Bus Holding Corp., GTJ Co. Inc., GTJ Co. Inc., Jamaica Bus Holding Corp. and their respective shareholders for internal decision making. All other uses and users are unintended, unless specifically stated in the letter of transmittal.
Dates of Inspection and Valuation
The value conclusion reported herein is as of February 2, 2006. The property was inspected on February 2, 2006 by Philip P. Cadorette, MAI.
Property Rights Appraised
Fee Simple interest.
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Scope of the Appraisal
This is a complete appraisal presented in a self-contained report, intended to comply with the reporting requirements set forth under the USPAP for a Self-Contained Appraisal Report. In addition, the report was also prepared to conform to the requirements of the Code of Professional Ethics of the Appraisal Institute and the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), Title XI Regulations.
In preparation of this appraisal, we investigated numerous vacant land and improved sales in the subject’s market, analyzed rental data, and considered the input of buyers, sellers, brokers, property developers and public officials. Additionally, we investigated the general regional economy as well as the specifics of the local area of the subject.
The scope of this appraisal required collecting primary and secondary data relative to the subject property. The depth of the analysis is intended to be appropriate in relation to the significance of the appraisal issues as presented herein. The data have been analyzed and confirmed with sources believed to be reliable, in the normal course of business, leading to the value conclusions set forth in this report. In the context of completing this report, we have made a physical inspection of the subject property and the improved sales and rental comparables. The valuation process involved utilizing generally accepted market-derived methods and procedures considered appropriate to the assignment.
This appraisal employs only the Sales Comparison Approach. Based on our analysis and knowledge of the subject property type and relevant investor profiles, it is our opinion that this approach would be considered necessary and applicable for market participants. The subject’s age makes it difficult to accurately form an opinion of depreciation and tends to make the Cost Approach unreliable. Furthermore, because the subject property is a specialized land use, it is not typically marketed, purchased or sold on the basis of anticipated lease-income. Therefore, we have not employed the Cost Approach or the Income Capitalization Approach to develop an opinion of market value.
Definitions of Value, Interest Appraised and Other Terms
The following definitions of pertinent terms are taken from The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, Fourth Edition (2002), published by the Appraisal Institute, as well as other sources.
Market Value
Market value is one of the central concepts of the appraisal practice. Market value is differentiated from other types of value in that it is created by the collective patterns of the market. A current economic definition agreed upon by agencies that regulate federal financial institutions in the United States of America follows, taken from Advisory Opinion-22 of USPAP of The Appraisal Foundation:
The most probable price which a property should bring in a competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair sale, the buyer and seller, each acting prudently and knowledgeably, and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus. Implicit in this definition is the consummation of a sale as of a specified date and the passing of title from seller to buyer under conditions whereby:
1. Buyer and seller are typically motivated;
2. Both parties are well informed or well advised, and acting in what they consider their own best interests;
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3. A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market;
4. Payment is made in terms of cash in US dollars or in terms of financial arrangements comparable thereto; and
5. The price represents the normal consideration for the property sold unaffected by special or creative financing or sales concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale.
Fee Simple Estate
Absolute ownership unencumbered by any other interest or estate, subject only to the limitations imposed by the governmental powers of taxation, eminent domain, police power, and escheat.
Leased Fee Interest
An ownership interest held by a landlord with the rights of use and occupancy conveyed by lease to others. The rights of the lessor (the leased fee owner) and the lessee are specified by contract terms contained within the lease.
Leasehold Interest
The interest held by the lessee (the tenant or renter) through a lease transferring the rights of use and occupancy for a stated term under certain conditions.
Market Rent
The most probable rent that a property should bring in a competitive and open market reflecting all conditions and restrictions of the specified lease agreement including term, rental adjustment and revaluation, permitted uses, use restrictions, and expense obligations; the lessee and lessor each acting prudently and knowledgeably, and assuming consummation of a lease contract as of a specified date and the passing of the leasehold from lessor to lessee under conditions whereby:
1. Lessee and lessor are typically motivated.
2. Both parties are well informed or well advised, and acting in what they consider their best interests.
3. A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market.
4. The rent payment is made in terms of cash in United States dollars, and is expressed as an amount per time period consistent with the payment schedule of the lease contract.
5. The rental amount represents the normal consideration for the property lease unaffected by special fees or concessions granted by anyone associated with the transaction.
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Cash Equivalence
A price expressed in terms of cash, as distinguished from a price expressed totally or partly in terms of the face amounts of notes or other securities that cannot be sold at their face amounts. Calculating the cash-equivalent price requires an appraiser to compare transactions involving atypical financing to transactions involving comparable properties financed at typical market terms.
Value As Is
The value of specific ownership rights to an identified parcel of real estate as of the effective date of the appraisal; relates to what physically exists and is legally permissible and excludes all assumptions concerning hypothetical market conditions or possible rezoning.
Prospective Value Opinion
A forecast of the value expected at a specified future date. A prospective value opinion is most frequently sought in connection with real estate projects that are proposed, under construction, or under conversion to a new use, or that have not achieved sellout or a stabilized level of long-term occupancy at the time the appraisal report is written.
Prospective Value Upon Reaching Stabilized Occupancy
The value of a property as of a point in time when all improvements have been physically constructed and the property has been leased to its optimum level of long-term occupancy. At such point, all capital outlays for tenant improvements, leasing commissions, marketing costs, and other carrying charges are assumed to have been incurred.
Exposure Time and Marketing Time
Exposure Time
Under Paragraph 3 of the Definition of Market Value, the value opinion presumes that “A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market”. Exposure time is defined as the length of time the property interest being appraised would have been offered on the market prior to the hypothetical consummation of a sale at the market value on the effective date of the appraisal. Exposure time is presumed to precede the effective date of the appraisal.
The reasonable exposure period is a function of price, time and use. It is not an isolated opinion of time alone. Exposure time is different for various types of property and under various market conditions. As noted above, exposure time is always presumed to precede the effective date of appraisal. It is the length of time the property would have been offered prior to a hypothetical market value sale on the effective date of appraisal. It is a retrospective opinion based on an analysis of past events, assuming a competitive and open market. It assumes not only adequate, sufficient and reasonable time but adequate, sufficient and a reasonable marketing effort. Exposure time and conclusion of value are therefore interrelated.
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Based on our review of national investor surveys, discussions with market participants and information gathered during the sales verification process, a reasonable exposure time for the subject property at the value concluded within this report would have been approximately nine (9) months. This assumes an active and professional marketing plan would have been employed by the current owner.
Marketing Time
Marketing time is an opinion of the time that might be required to sell a real property interest at the concluded market value level. Marketing time is presumed to start during the period immediately after the effective date of an appraisal. (Marketing time is subsequent to the effective date of the appraisal and exposure time is presumed to precede the effective date of the appraisal). The opinion of marketing time uses some of the same data analyzed in the process of developing a reasonable exposure time opinion as part of the appraisal process and it is not intended to be a prediction of a date of sale or a one-line statement.
We believe, based on the assumptions employed in our analysis, as well as our selection of investment parameters for the subject, that our value conclusion represents a price achievable within nine (9) months.
Legal Description
The subject site is identified by Queens County as Block: 15841, Lots: 3. The legal description was not provided.
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REGIONAL MAP
[OMITTED]
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NEW YORK CITY REGIONAL ANALYSIS
Regional Area Overview
New York City (NYC), a leading world financial, business and trade center, is also the most culturally diverse, densely populated, and wealthiest (in terms of total personal income) city in the United States. The “City” has continued to reinvent itself over the years, from the East Coast’s busiest harbor, to a multifaceted manufacturing and distribution center, and now a global leader in the provision of services including financial, legal, media and entertainment. The borough of Manhattan, or New York County, forms the central political, financial and cultural core of the City and is the economic growth engine of the Greater New York Region. The City’s other boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island (otherwise known as Bronx, Kings, Queens, and Richmond Counties). Located in the southeastern portion of New York State at the mouth of the Hudson River, NYC covers 309 square miles and is home to over 8.1 million people, or 42 percent of New York State’s total population.
The five boroughs of NYC consolidated in 1898, yet each has retained unique characteristics. Manhattan, home to 19 percent of the City’s population, is where three-fourths of the City’s office-using employees work, primarily in the skyscrapers of the Midtown and Downtown business districts. The other four boroughs are commonly referred to as the “outer boroughs” and are generally more residential in nature. They also have strong, albeit significantly smaller economies than that of Manhattan.
Market Outlook
Although New York City (NYC) is experiencing strong employment and income growth, a peaking residential real estate market, slower growth in key industries, and high business costs will keep New York City as a steady but below average performer.
· Strong Wall Street performance and high levels of national and international tourism have helped drive the NYC economy, as a broad range of sectors have benefited in the near term from stronger income growth.
· In 2005, New York City saw record levels of real estate investment activity, including the $1.7 billion sale of the MetLife Building, which was the largest building transaction in U.S. history.
· Recent employment growth has boosted the housing market and as a result the NYC economy. Currently, the New York Metro area is experiencing a record pace of residential permitting. Although household formation growth has been stagnant, there are a number of other factors driving demand, including empty nesters, international buyers, and second-home buyers. Solid income growth and favorable financing have fueled the housing boom, but slowing job growth and interest rate increases could lead to slowing or stagnant price gains or even a pricing correction.
· Recently, there has been some evidence of a slowdown in New York City’s middle-market housing sales. According to Miller Samuel, Inc. both the average and median sales prices in the Manhattan market fell in the third quarter of 2005.
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Market Definition
New York City (NYC) consists of five counties at the mouth of the Hudson River in the southeast area of New York State. The borough of Manhattan, or New York County, forms the central political, financial and cultural core of the City and is the economic growth engine of the Greater New York Region. The City’s other boroughs are Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, and the Bronx (otherwise known as Kings, Queens, Richmond, and Bronx Counties, respectively). The area’s vast mass transit infrastructure closely connects the five boroughs as well as the surrounding suburban areas, which combined with NYC form the Greater New York Region. This region covers 21 counties in the southeastern section of New York State, southwestern corner of Connecticut, and Central and Northern New Jersey.
GREATER NEW YORK CITY REGION COUNTIES
[OMITTED]
Current Trends
New York City, and particularly Manhattan, is one of the world’s largest and premier economies. Businesses in NYC benefit from the synergies created from the presence of more than 200,000 companies, access to consumers and investment capital, and the city’s attractive quality of life. Manhattan, which accounts for over 63 percent of NYC’s total employment, is the regional economic engine.
Within Manhattan, Midtown is the nation’s largest Central Business District and home to a diverse base of Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (FIRE) industries and Fortune 500 companies. New York City houses the headquarters of 43 Fortune 500 firms, with 42 of these headquarters located in Manhattan. Manhattan has the largest office inventory in the nation, with roughly 390 million square feet. Wall Street, the heart of the City’s financial district downtown, is also home to the New York Stock Exchange, American Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ and Commodities Exchange, and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
In addition to the strength of the FIRE industries, strong levels of both domestic and international tourism has driven robust employment growth in NYC’s hospitality, food and beverage, and retail industries. NYC is renowned for its cultural activities, arts and entertainment, restaurants, and shopping, as well as being a leading center for the sciences, health care, and higher education.
Economics
Four years after the devastation of September 11th, the New York City economy is healthy, although employment remains about 4 percent below its peak at year-end 2000.
· NYC’s Gross Metro Product (GMP) grew at a 4.4 percent rate in 2005.
· From 1995 to 2005, NYC’s GMP grew at an average annual rate of 3.9 percent, slightly below the nation’s top 100 largest metro areas’ (Top 100) annualized average of 4.0 percent.
· Through 2010, NYC’s forecasted GMP growth of 2.1 percent annually is expected to trail the Top 100’s projection of 3.0 percent.
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REAL GROSS PRODUCT GROWTH BY YEAR
NYC vs. Top 100 Metros*
[OMITTED]
NYC’s 2005 employment growth rate of 1.1 percent trailed the Top 100’s 1.3 percent growth rate.
· From 1995 through 2005, NYC’s average annual employment growth rate of 0.7 percent significantly lagged the nation’s top 100 average annual employment growth of 1.4 percent
· Although yearly employment growth was positive from 1995 to 2000, negative employment growth from 2001 to 2003 contributed to NYC’s slow 10-year growth rate.
· Employment growth has turned positive since 2003, but the projected average annual growth rate through 2010 of 0.9 percent will continue to trail the projected Top 100 average of 1.5 percent.
NYC’s unemployment rate has been consistently higher than the Top 100 rate, reaching as high as 10.2 percent in 1992 and more recently as high as 7.8 percent in 2002 and 2003.
· In 2005, average unemployment rate in NYC fell to 5.5 percent from 6.6 percent in 2004. The Top 100 average unemployment rate in 2005 was 5.0 percent.
· Through 2010, NYC’s employment rate is projected to range between 5.3 and 5.6 percent.
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT GROWTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY YEAR
NYC vs. Top 100 Metros
[OMITTED]
NYC’s employment base has a far higher concentration of office-using employment than the Top 100.
· NYC is more heavily weighted in the Education & Health Services and Financial Activities sectors than the Top 100 overall.
· The region is less represented in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Trade, Transportation & Utilities sectors.
EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR
NYC vs. Top 100 Metros
2005 Estimates
[OMITTED]
Demographics
New York City is the most heterogeneous city in the nation, if not the world. With a median age of 35.9 years, NYC is on par with the Top 100 median age of 35.9 years, but slightly below the U.S. median of 36.2 years. NYC is relatively well educated compared to the national average,
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with 27.2 percent of its population having a Bachelor degree or better compared with 24.6 percent of the U.S. On the other hand, NYC is relatively less educated than the Top 100, with 28.0 percent of its population with a Bachelor degree or better. Although NYC and the U.S. have similar levels of affluence, with 27.9 and 28.4 percent of the population, respectively, having an annual income of $75,000 or higher, both trail the Top 100, which has 32.9 percent of its households having an annual income of $75,000 or higher.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
NYC vs. Top 100 Metro Areas and U.S.
2004 Estimates
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| New York |
| Top 100 |
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Median Age (years) |
| 35.9 |
| 35.9 |
| 36.2 |
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Average Annual Household Income |
| $ | 65,900 |
| $ | 71,400 |
| $ | 64,800 |
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Median Annual Household Income |
| $ | 43,800 |
| $ | 52,900 |
| $ | 47,800 |
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Households by Annual Income Level: |
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<$25,000 |
| 31.5 | % | 22.1 | % | 24.9 | % | |||
$25,000 to $49,999 |
| 24.2 | % | 25.6 | % | 27.4 | % | |||
$50,000 to $74,999 |
| 16.4 | % | 19.4 | % | 19.3 | % | |||
$75,000 to $99,999 |
| 10.0 | % | 12.5 | % | 11.5 | % | |||
$100,000 plus |
| 17.9 | % | 20.4 | % | 16.9 | % | |||
Education Breakdown: |
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< High School |
| 27.7 | % | 18.5 | % | 19.5 | % | |||
High School Graduate |
| 24.5 | % | 26.0 | % | 28.4 | % | |||
College < Bachelor Degree |
| 20.5 | % | 27.6 | % | 27.5 | % | |||
Bachelor Degree |
| 15.7 | % | 17.8 | % | 15.7 | % | |||
Advanced Degree |
| 11.5 | % | 10.2 | % | 8.9 | % |
Source: Claritas, Inc., Cushman & Wakefield Analytics
According to the results of the 2000 Census, NYC was one of the nation’s few cities to experience an increase in its population during the 1990s. In fact, NYC is the only major city in the nation that has a larger population than it did in 1950.
· NYC’s current population totals over 8.1 million, with every borough except for Staten Island having a population of greater than one million.
· Brooklyn, with nearly 2.5 million people, has the largest population of the five boroughs, while Manhattan is the most densely populated area in NYC.
· Between 1995 and 2005, NYC’s annual population growth averaged 0.6 percent, which is half the Top 100 annual average of 1.2 percent.
· NYC’s average annual growth through 2010 is forecast to slow to 0.2 percent, substantially below the 1.0 percent forecast for the Top 100 metro areas.
POPULATION GROWTH BY YEAR
NYC vs. Top 100 Metros
[OMITTED]
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Manhattan’s population of 1.5 million people is densely concentrated throughout, with the exception of Midtown West and west of City Hall. It is most densely populated around Central Park on both the Upper East Side and the Upper West Side, as well as from 20th Street to the East River, east of The Bowery and north of Fulton Street. In the Bronx, lower population concentrations are located in the northern parts of the borough. The largest population concentration in Queens is in its center within the communities of Woodside, Rego Park, Forest Hills, Maspeth, Elmhurst, and Jackson Heights, as well as Ridgewood and Glendale, which border Brooklyn. Staten Island has a fairly even population concentration throughout the borough and is generally less dense than the rest of the City.
ANNUALIZED POPULATION GROWTH BY COUNTY
New York City
Population (000’s) |
| 1995 |
| 2005 |
| 2010 |
| Annual Growth |
| Annual Growth |
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United States |
| 266,664 |
| 296,710 |
| 310,171 |
| 1.1 | % | 0.9 | % |
Top 100 MSAs |
| 170,444 |
| 192,458 |
| 202,723 |
| 1.2 | % | 1.0 | % |
New York City |
| 7,633 |
| 8,124 |
| 8,202 |
| 0.6 | % | 0.2 | % |
Bronx County |
| 1,262 |
| 1,372 |
| 1,405 |
| 0.8 | % | 0.5 | % |
Kings County |
| 2,373 |
| 2,478 |
| 2,481 |
| 0.4 | % | 0.0 | % |
New York County |
| 2,075 |
| 2,244 |
| 2,255 |
| 0.8 | % | 0.1 | % |
Queens County |
| 410 |
| 468 |
| 489 |
| 1.3 | % | 0.9 | % |
Richmond County |
| 1,514 |
| 1,563 |
| 1,573 |
| 0.3 | % | 0.1 | % |
Source: Economy.com, Cushman & Wakefield Analytics
In 2005, NYC’s median household income was $43,800, which is 17.2 and 9.1 percent lower than that of the Top 100 and U.S., respectively.
· Between 1995 and 2005, NYC’s 3.4 percent average annual growth in median household income was greater than the Top 100’s average of 3.0 percent.
· Through 2010, NYC’s median household income growth rate is projected at 3.3 percent annually, remaining slightly above the Top 100’s projected annual growth rate of 3.2 percent.
Nearly all of Manhattan’s zip codes below 96th Street have median household incomes above the national median. The most affluent concentrations of households border Central Park on Manhattan’s West Side between West 77th and West 91st Streets, and on the East Side along Fifth, Park and Madison Avenues between East 60th and East 96th Streets. Other affluent pockets include the southern tip of Manhattan at Battery Park City and the communities surrounding the financial district, such as TriBeCa. In contrast, the area north of Central Park as well as portions of the Lower East Side are where residents with the lowest median household incomes reside.
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MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION BY ZIP CODE
NYC, 2005 Estimates
[OMITTED]
Regional Summary / Market Competitiveness
Improved Wall Street performance and healthy tourism have recently boosted New York City’s economic outlook. Longer term, the economic legacy of 9/11 and a modest pace of expansion will likely prevent the metro area from returning to its pre-recession peak for several more years.
· NYC’s competitive strengths include its high per capita income, limited exposure to manufacturing, high level of international immigration, and its role as the financial capital of the nation.
· The market’s weaknesses include high business costs and the city’s high level of domestic out-migration.
12
LOCAL AREA MAP
[OMITTED]
13
LOCAL AREA ANALYSIS
General Information
The Borough of Queens is situated east of Manhattan. The two neighboring boroughs are separated by the East River. The East River crossings connecting Manhattan and Queens include the 59th Street Bridge, the Triboro Bridge and the Queens Midtown Tunnel. These are all very congested crossings that are extensively used by commuters and commercial traffic, with volume being heaviest during the morning and afternoon rush hours. Multiple subway lines connect the two boroughs, with the subway tunnels located beneath the East River. Bus Service is available throughout the boroughs.
The highway network in Queens generally runs throughout the borough. The Cross Island Parkway extends north/south across the eastern end of the borough. The Van Wyck and the Clearview Expressway also extend north/south across the borough. The Belt Parkway extends east/west across the southern portion of the borough into Brooklyn. The Jackie Robinson (Interborough) extends east/west across the borough and terminates into Brownsville, Brooklyn. The Long Island Expressway also extends east/west across the borough. Finally, the Interboro Parkway is located on the eastern end of Brooklyn.
Arverne is located in southern Queens just south of Kennedy Airport. The subject area is generally referred to as part of the Far Rockaways. Arverne is bordered to the east by Far Rockaway, to the west by Hammels and Seaside, to the south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north by Somerville and Grass Hasscock Channel.
This part of Arverne is predominantly residential with some commercial uses located along Rockaway Beach Boulevard. Residential areas are located on the side streets outside of the commercial districts. The residential areas within this area are developed with single-family, attached and detached houses, most of which are kept in average condition. To the east of the subject there has been some new construction of single and multi-family modular homes. The area is in the process of being developed with several residential projects. As these projects are completed and sold out demand for development sites in the area is expected to increase.
There are few multi-story residential developments in other parts of Far Rockaway. There is limited commercial development located on Edgemere Avenue and Rockaway Beach Boulevard. These retail and business establishments service the needs of the local residents. Because of its proximity to Kennedy Airport and the Atlantic Ocean there are several hotels and motels located in the Rockaway area.
The subject is located in a mixed-use industrial and residential district in the southern section of Queens, which is influenced by the proximity to Kennedy Airport and the Atlantic Ocean. The improvements in the immediate area are generally residential with some commercial and industrial uses located along the main boulevards.
The subject is located along the N/E/C of Rockaway Beach Boulevard and Beach 49th Street.
Access to the subject is average. The main boulevards in the local area provide two-way traffic flow. In the residential areas, the streets are generally one way. Main thoroughfares such as Rockaway Beach Boulevard, Edgemere Avenue and the Rockaway Freeway provide access to the Cross Bay Boulevard which leads to the Van Wyck Expressway, Grand Central Parkway and the Belt Parkway.
These roads connect with each of the major roadways in the Brooklyn-Queens area. LaGuardia Airport is located to the north in the northern part of Queens and provides passenger and cargo traffic. Kennedy Airport is located nearby just north of the subject in the southern part of Queens. Overall, the subject’s area is a stable and established mixed-use area which should continue to attract industrial uses in the future.
14
Conclusion
The subject property is a smaller industrial site with convenient access to the major arteries within Queens and Brooklyn. The local area is going through a resurgence as several residential projects are being developed in the area.
However, the subject is a very small site which is influenced by the neighboring industrial and commercial uses. As such, we would not anticipate a significant impact positive or negative to the subject site as a result of the ongoing residential development in the local area.
Although the subject is located in a mixed-use neighborhood it’s proximity to JFK airport makes it a desirable industrial location. We conclude that the subject will be competitive in the marketplace into the foreseeable future.
15
SITE DESCRIPTION
Location: | N/W/C of Rockaway Beach Blvd. & Beach 49th Street Arverne, Queens County, NY 11208 The subject is located along the N/E/C of Rockaway Beach Boulevard and Beach 49th Street. |
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Shape: | Rectangular |
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Topography: | Level |
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Land Area: | 0.07 acres 3,145 square feet |
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Frontage, Access, Visibility: | The subject property has good access, good visibility and good frontage on the following streets: Beach 49th Street: 106.72 feet frontage Rockaway Beach Blvd: 30.11 feet frontage |
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Soil Conditions: | We did not receive nor review a soil report. However, we assume that the soil’s load-bearing capacity is sufficient to support existing and/or proposed structure(s). We did not observe any evidence to the contrary during our physical inspection of the property. Drainage appears to be adequate. |
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Utilities: | All Available |
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Site Improvements: | The site improvements include asphalt paved parking areas, curbing, signage, landscaping, yard lighting and drainage. |
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Land Use Restrictions: | We were not given a title report to review. We do not know of any easements, encroachments, or restrictions that would adversely affect the site’s use. However, we recommend a title search to determine whether any adverse conditions exist. |
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Flood Zone: | The subject property is located in flood zone C. |
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Flood Zone Description: | FEMA Zone C: Areas outside of a 100-year flood hazard. |
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FEMA Map & Date | 360497-0072C, dated May 18, 1992 |
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Wetlands: | We were not given a Wetlands survey. If subsequent engineering data reveal the presence of regulated wetlands, it could materially affect property value. We recommend a wetlands survey by a competent engineering firm. |
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Seismic Hazard: | The site is not located in a Special Study Zone as established by California’s Alquist-Priolo Geological Hazards Act. |
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Hazardous Substances: | We observed no evidence of toxic or hazardous substances during our inspection of the site. However, we are not trained to perform technical environmental inspections and recommend the services of a professional engineer for this purpose. |
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Overall Functionality: | The subject site is functional for its current use. |
16
Location Rating: | After considering all of the locational aspects of the subject, including regional and local accessibility as well as overall visibility, Cushman & Wakefield, Inc. has concluded that the location of this property is good. |
17
Site Map
[OMITTED]
18
Americans With Disabilities Act
The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) became effective January 26, 1992. We have not made, nor are we qualified to make a compliance survey of this property to determine whether or not it is in conformity with the requirements of the ADA. It is possible that a compliance survey could reveal that the property is not in compliance with one or more of the requirements of the Act. If so, this fact could have a negative effect upon the value of the property. Since we have not been provided with the results of a survey, we did not analyze the results of possible non-compliance.
Hazardous Substances
We are not aware of any potentially hazardous materials (such as formaldehyde foam insulation, asbestos insulation, radon gas emitting materials, or other potentially hazardous materials) which may have been used in the construction of the improvements. However, we are not qualified to detect such materials and urge the client to employ an expert in the field to determine if such hazardous materials exist.
19
REAL PROPERTY TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS
Current Property Taxes
The property is subject to the taxing jurisdiction of the City of New York. According to the New York City Assessor’s office, the 2005/2006 assessments for the property (Block: 15841, Lots: 3) are as follows:
Current Property Taxes
According to the local assessor’s office, the taxes are current. The assessment and taxes for the property are presented below:
PROPERTY TAX DATA (2005/2006)
| Actual |
| Transitional |
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Assessed Value |
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Land: |
| $ | 14,850 |
| $ | 11,430 |
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Improvements: |
| 0 |
| 0 |
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Total: |
| $ | 14,850 |
| $ | 11,430 |
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Exemption: |
| $ | 0 |
| $ | 0 |
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Taxable Assessment: |
| $ | 14,850 |
| $ | 11,430 |
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Taxable Assessment |
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| $ | 11,430 |
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Tax Rate |
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| 0.1131 |
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Total Property Taxes |
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| $ | 1,292 |
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Property Taxes per Square Foot of land |
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| $ | 0.42 |
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Total taxes for the property are $1,292, or $0.42 per square foot. Based on our experience with industrial buildings in Queens County, we conclude that this is a market oriented tax liability for a property of this kind. The relatively high tax per square foot figure reflects the significant land associated with the property. We project that the subject’s tax liability will grow 3.0 percent per annum over the analysis period.
20
ZONING
The property is zoned C8-1 by the City of New York. The following is a brief description of the C8-1 zoning district:
C8 General Service District
Automotive and other heavy commercial services are provided for in C8 districts. C8 districts form a bridge between commercial and manufacturing uses, and are appropriate for heavy uses which are land consuming but not labor intensive. These districts are mainly mapped along major traffic arteries where concentrations of automotive uses have developed. Performance standards are imposed for certain uses in Use Groups 11 A and 16.
Typical uses are automobile showrooms, automotive service facilities and warehouses. Housing is not permitted.
Parking requirements vary with districts and use. Automotive uses in C8-1 to C8-3 districts require substantial parking.
The C8-1 permits a maximum floor area ratio (FAR) that governs building sizes of 2.4 times the lot area for community buildings. In the Site Description section of the report, we estimated that the subject site contains approximately 3,145 square feet of land area. The maximum allowable commercial FAR is 1.0. However, with a community facility the maximum allowable FAR of increases to 2.4 in the C8-1 zone which equates to 316,324 square feet of building area.
The C8-1 zone is made specifically for uses similar to the subject which require a large parking component. These facilities are generally in demand by shipping companies, mail service carriers, trucking firms, car rental agencies and transportation services for government agencies.
However, the majority of industrial buildings in this zone are single story industrial buildings with high ceiling heights and only a portion of second floor office area. In reality, many of the sites in the local area within a C8-1 zone are not developed to anywhere near the maximum building area as owners want to satisfy parking requirements for their staff or tenants.
According to City records, the existing industrial use is a permitted use in this zone. We are not experts in the interpretation of complex zoning ordinances but the proposed use of the site appears to be a legal, conforming use based on our review of public information. However, the determination of compliance is beyond the scope of a real estate appraisal.
We know of no deed restrictions, private or public, that further limit the subject property’s use. The research required to determine whether or not such restrictions exist, however, is beyond the scope of this appraisal assignment. Deed restrictions are a legal matter and only a title examination by an attorney or title company can usually uncover such restrictive covenants. Thus, we recommend a title search to determine if any such restrictions do exist.
21
Zoning Map
[OMITTED]
22
HIGHEST AND BEST USE
Definition Of Highest And Best Use
According to The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, Fourth Edition (2002), a publication of the Appraisal Institute, the highest and best use is defined as:
The reasonably probable and legal use of vacant land or an improved property, which is physically possible, appropriately supported, financially feasible, and that results in the highest value. The four criteria the highest and best use must meet are legal permissibility, physical possibility, financial feasibility, and maximum profitability.
Highest And Best Use Criteria
We have evaluated the site’s highest and best use both as currently improved and as if vacant. In both cases, the property’s highest and best use must meet four criteria. That use must be (1), legally permissible (2) physically possible, (3) financially feasible, and (4) maximally productive.
Legally Permissible
The first test concerns permitted uses. According to our understanding of the zoning ordinance, noted earlier in this report, the site may legally be improved with structures that accommodate office, light industrial, and warehouse uses. Aside from the site’s zoning regulations, we are not aware of any legal restrictions that limit the potential uses of the subject.
Physically Possible
The second test is what is physically possible. As discussed in the “Site Description,” section of the report, the site’s size, soil, topography, etc. do not physically limit its use. The subject site is of adequate shape and size to accommodate almost all urban and suburban uses.
Financial Feasibility and Maximal Productivity
The third and fourth tests are what is financially feasible and what will produce the highest net return. After analyzing the physically possible and legally permissible uses of the property, the highest and best use must be considered in light of financial feasibility and maximum productivity. For a potential use to be seriously considered, it must have the potential to provide a sufficient return to attract investment capital over alternative forms of investment. A positive net income or acceptable rate of return would indicate that a use is financially feasible.
Highest and Best Use of Site As Though Vacant
Considering the subject site’s physical characteristics and location, as well as the state of the local market, it is our opinion that the Highest and Best Use of the subject site as though vacant is a commercial or industrial building developed to the highest density possible for a specific user.
23
VALUATION PROCESS
Methodology
There are three generally accepted approaches available in developing an opinion of value: the Cost, Sales Comparison and Income Capitalization approaches. We have considered each in this appraisal to develop an opinion of the market value of the subject property. In appraisal practice, an approach to value is included or eliminated based on its applicability to the property type being valued and the quality of information available. The reliability of each approach is dependent upon the availability and comparability of the market data uncovered as well as the motivation and thinking of purchasers in the market for a property such as the subject. Each approach is discussed below, and applicability to the subject property is briefly addressed in the following summary.
Land Value
Developing an opinion of land value is typically accomplished via the Sales Comparison Approach by analyzing recent sales transactions of sites of comparable zoning and utility adjusted for differences which exist between the comparables and the subject. Valuation is typically accomplished using a unit of comparison such as price per square foot of land or potential building area or acre. Adjustments are applied to the unit of comparison from an analysis of comparable sales, and the adjusted unit of comparison is then used to derive a value for the subject site.
Cost Approach
The Cost Approach is based upon the proposition that an informed purchaser would pay no more for the subject than the cost to produce a substitute property with equivalent utility. This approach is particularly applicable when the property being appraised involves relatively new improvements which represent the highest and best use of the land; or when relatively unique or specialized improvements are located on the site, for which there exist few improved sales or leases of comparable properties.
In the Cost Approach, the appraiser forms an opinion of the cost of all improvements, depreciating them to reflect any value loss from physical, functional and external causes. Land value, entrepreneurial profit and depreciated improvement costs are then added resulting in a value estimate for the subject property.
Sales Comparison Approach
The Sales Comparison Approach utilizes sales of comparable properties, adjusted for differences, to indicate a value for the subject property. Valuation is typically accomplished using a unit of comparison such as price per square foot of building area, effective gross income multiplier or net income multiplier. Adjustments are applied to the unit of comparison from an analysis of comparable sales, and the adjusted unit of comparison is then used to derive a value for the subject property.
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Income Capitalization Approach
This approach first determines the income-producing capacity of a property by utilizing contract rents on leases in place and by estimating market rent from rental activity at competing properties for the vacant space. Deductions then are made for vacancy and collection loss and operating expenses. The resulting net operating income is divided by an overall capitalization rate to derive an opinion of value for the subject property. The capitalization rate represents the relationship between net operating income and value. This method is referred to as Direct Capitalization.
Related to the Direct Capitalization Method is the Discounted Cash Flow Method. In this method, periodic cash flows (which consist of net operating income less capital costs) and a reversionary value are developed and discounted to a present value using an internal rate of return that is determined by analyzing current investor yield requirements for similar investments.
Summary
This appraisal employs only the Sales Comparison Approach. Based on our analysis and knowledge of the subject property type and relevant investor profiles, it is our opinion that this approach would be considered necessary and applicable for market participants. The subject’s age makes it difficult to accurately form an opinion of depreciation and tends to make the Cost Approach unreliable. Furthermore, because the subject property is a specialized land use, it is not typically marketed, purchased or sold on the basis of anticipated lease-income. Therefore, we have not employed the Cost Approach or the Income Capitalization Approach to develop an opinion of market value.
The valuation process is concluded by analyzing each approach to value used in the appraisal. When more than one approach is used, each approach is judged based on its applicability, reliability, and the quantity and quality of its data. A final value opinion is chosen that either corresponds to one of the approaches to value, or is a correlation of all the approaches used in the appraisal.
25
LAND VALUATION
We used the Sales Comparison Approach to develop an opinion of land value. In this method, we analyzed prices buyers have recently paid for similar sites in the market, as well as examined current offerings. In making comparisons, we adjusted the sale prices for differences between this site and the comparable sites. If the comparable was superior to the subject, a downward adjustment was made to the comparable sale. If inferior, an upward adjustment was made. We present on the following pages a summary of pertinent details of sites recently sold that we compared to the subject site.
In the valuation of the subject site’s fee simple interest, the Sales Comparison Approach has been used to establish prices being paid for comparably zoned land. The most widely used and market oriented unit of comparison for properties with characteristics similar to those of the subject is the sale price per square foot of land area. All transactions utilized in this analysis are analyzed on this basis.
The major elements of comparison utilized to value the subject site include the property rights conveyed, the financial terms incorporated into the transaction, the conditions or motivations surrounding the sale, changes in market conditions since the sale, the location of the real estate, its utility and the physical characteristics of the property.
Discussion of Adjustments
Property Rights Conveyed
All of the sales utilized in this analysis involved the transfer of the fee simple interest. In the case of the land we have estimated a fee simple value. Therefore, no adjustments were required.
Conditions of Sale
Adjustments for conditions of sale usually reflect the motivations of the buyer and the seller. In many situations the conditions of sale may significantly affect transaction prices. However, all sales used in this analysis are considered to be “arms-length” market transactions between both knowledgeable buyers and sellers on the open market. Therefore, no adjustments were required.
Financial Terms
To the best of our knowledge, all of the sales utilized in this analysis were accomplished with cash or market-oriented financing. Therefore, no adjustments were required.
Market Conditions
The sales that are included in this analysis date between May 2004 and November 2005. As the market has changed over this time period, we have applied an annual adjustment of 3.00 percent.
Location
An adjustment for location is required when the locational characteristics of a comparable property are different from those of the subject property. The subject property is considered to have a good location. We have made a downward adjustment to those comparables considered superior in location versus the subject. Conversely, an upward adjustment was made to those comparables considered inferior.
26
Size
The size adjustment generally reflects the inverse relationship between unit price and lot size. Smaller lots tend to sell for higher unit prices than larger lots, and vice versa. Hence, upward adjustments were made to larger land parcels, and downward adjustments were made to smaller land parcels.
Public Utilities
All of the sales, like the subject, had full access to public utilities at the time of sale; therefore, no adjustments were required.
Utility
The subject parcel is adequately shaped to accommodate a typical building, and it has good access, frontage and visibility. When a comparable was considered to have superior or inferior utility, the appropriate adjustment was made.
Other
In some cases, other variables will impact the price of a transaction. Some examples would include soil or slope conditions, restrictive zoning, easements, wetlands or external influences. In our analysis of the comparables we found that no unusual conditions existed at the time of sale. As a result, no adjustments were required.
Discussion of Comparable Sales
There is very little commercial or industrial land sales activity in the local market. As such, there is very little industrial land activity in the local market. We have analyzed the most comparable sales in the region as well as the local market.
Comparable Sale No. 1
This is the sale of a 65,000 square foot parcel located on Part of the Phelps Dodge Site in Maspeth, Queens, NY. This property is in the M3-1, Manufacturing zoning district. Sagres Partners LLC sold the property to Montebello Italian Food Company in October 2005 for a price of $5,460,000 or $42.00 per square foot of developable land area (FAR). The zoning allows for 130,000 square feet of development. Public utilities are all available. This site has significant tax incentives for development which tends to inflate the value of the land. After all adjustments, this sale indicated an adjusted unit value of $31.82 per developable square foot (FAR).
Comparable Sale No. 2
This is the sale of a 120,000 square foot parcel located on the Part of the Phelps Dodge Site in Maspeth, Queens, NY. This property is in the M3-1, Manufacturing zoning district. Sagres Partners LLC sold the property to Thai Food Company in November 2005 for a price of $9,800,000 or $40.83 per square foot of developable land area (FAR). The zoning allows for 240,000 square feet of development. Public utilities are all available. This site has significant tax incentives for development which tends to inflate the value of the land. After all adjustments, this sale indicated an adjusted unit value of $30.84 per developable square foot (FAR).
27
Comparable Sale No. 3
This is the sale of a 108,900 square foot parcel located on the Part of the Phelps Dodge Site in Maspeth, Queens, NY. This property is in the M3-1, Manufacturing zoning district. Sagres Partners LLC sold the property to Radhaswamy, Inc in August 2005 for a price of $8,000,000 or $36.73 per square foot of developable land area (FAR). The zoning allows for 217,800 square feet of development. Public utilities are all available. This site has significant tax incentives for development which tends to inflate the value of the land. After all adjustments, this sale indicated an adjusted unit value of $27.96 per developable square foot (FAR).
Comparable Sale No. 4
This is the sale of a 23,783 square foot parcel located on the Norton Drive in Far Rockaway, NY. This property is in the C3 zoning district. Jamaica Yacht Club Inc. sold the property to 76 North Realty Co., LLC in January 2005 for a price of $430,000 or $36.16 per square foot of developable land area (FAR). The zoning allows for 11,892 square feet of development. Public utilities are all available. The property is being held for future development. After all adjustments, this sale indicated an adjusted unit value of $31.69 per developable square foot (FAR).
Comparable Sale No. 5
This is the sale of a 19,440 square foot parcel located on the 143-02 / 16 Rockaway Blvd. in Jamaica, NY. This property is in the R3-2 zoning district. Block Three sold the property to Wilter Alarcon in May 2004 for a price of $500,000 or $25.72 per square foot of developable land area (FAR). The site has 19,440 of developable land area (FAR). All public utilities are all available. The purchaser is holding the site for development of a small residential building. After all adjustments, this sale indicated an adjusted unit value of $25.72 per developable square foot (FAR).
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Conclusion of Site Value
After adjustments, the comparable land sales reflect unit prices ranging from $27.08 to $31.82 per square foot of FAR with an average of $29.88 per square foot of developable land (FAR) or ($1,179,749 to $1,385,861 per acre), with an average of ($1,301,470 per acre).
Each of the sales has been considered in our analysis. Therefore, we conclude that the indicated value by the Sales Comparison Approach is:
AS IS VALUE CONCLUSION |
| $/FAR |
| $/Acre |
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Indicated Value |
| $ | 30.00 |
| $ | 1,306,800 |
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Site Area |
| x 3,145 |
| x 0.0722 |
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Indicated Value |
| $ | 94,350 |
| $ | 94,350 |
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Rounded to nearest $2,500 |
| $ | 95,000 |
| $ | 95,000 |
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$/unit basis |
| $ | 30.21 |
| $ | 1,315,803 |
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LAND SALE LOCATION MAP
[OMITTED]
30
SUMMARY OF LAND SALES
No. |
| Location |
| Grantor |
| Price |
| Site SqFt |
| Zoning |
| Public |
| Price/SF |
| COMMENTS |
1 |
| Part of the Phelps Dodge Site |
| Sagres Partners LLC |
| $5,460,000 |
| 65,000 |
| M3-1, Manufacturing |
| All Available |
| $84.00 |
| This site has significant tax incentives for |
| Maspeth, Queens, NY |
| Montebello Italian Food Company |
| 10/05 |
| 1.4922 Ac |
| 130,000 |
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| $42.00 |
| development which tends to inflate the value of the land. | |
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2 |
| Part of the Phelps Dodge Site |
| Sagres Partners LLC |
| $9,800,000 |
| 120,000 SF |
| M3-1, Manufacturing |
| All Available |
| $81.67 |
| This site has significant tax incentives for |
| Maspeth, Queens, NY |
| Thai Food Company |
| 11/05 |
| 2.7548 Ac |
| 240,000 |
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| $40.83 |
| development which tends to inflate the value of the land. | |
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3 |
| Part of the Phelps Dodge Site |
| Sagres Partners LLC |
| $8,000,000 |
| 108,900 SF |
| M3-1, Manufacturing |
| All Available |
| $73.46 |
| This site has significant tax incentives for |
| Maspeth, Queens, NY |
| Radhaswamy, Inc |
| 8/05 |
| 2.5000 Ac |
| 217,800 |
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| $36.73 |
| development which tends to inflate the value of the land. | |
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4 |
| Norton Drive |
| Jamaica Yacht Club Inc. |
| $430,000 |
| 23,783 SF |
| C3 |
| All Available |
| $18.08 |
| The property is being held for future development. |
| Far Rockaway, NY |
| 76 North Realty Co., LLC |
| 1/05 |
| 0.5460 Ac |
| 11,892 |
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| $36.16 |
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5 |
| 143-02 / 16 Rockaway Blvd. |
| Block Three |
| $500,000 |
| 19,440 SF |
| R3-2 |
| All Available |
| $25.72 |
| The purchaser is holding the site for development |
| Jamaica, NY |
| Wilter Alarcon |
| 5/04 |
| 0.4463 Ac |
| 19,440 |
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| $25.72 |
| of a small residential building. |
| Price |
| Site SF |
| Zoning |
| Public |
| Price/SF |
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| Date |
| Site Acres |
| Utility* |
| Utilities |
| Price/Acre |
| |
Survey Low |
| $430,000 |
| 19,440 SF |
| Industrial |
| all available |
| $ | 18.08 |
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Survey High |
| $9,800,000 |
| 120,000 SF |
| PDP |
| all available |
| $ | 84.00 |
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Average |
| $4,838,000 |
| 67,425 SF |
| Industrial |
| all available |
| $ | 56.59 |
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Survey Low |
| 5/04 |
| 0.4463 Ac |
| Average |
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| $ | 25.72 |
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Survey High |
| 11/05 |
| 20.0000 Ac |
| Average |
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| $ | 42.00 |
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Average |
| 4/05 |
| 4.6232 Ac |
| Average |
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| $ | 36.29 |
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Subject Property |
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| 3,053 |
| Industrial |
| all available |
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| 0.0701 |
| average |
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LAND SALE ADJUSTMENT GRID
| Price |
| Economic Adjustments (Cumulative) |
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| Property Characteristic Adjustments (Additive) |
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| Per FAR |
| Property |
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| Adj. |
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| & |
| Rights |
| Conditions |
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| Market* |
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| Public |
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| Price |
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No. |
| Date |
| Conveyed |
| of Sale |
| Financing |
| Conditions |
| Subtotal |
| Location |
| Size |
| Utilities |
| Utility** |
| Other |
| PSF/FAR |
| Overall |
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1 |
| $42.00 |
| Fee Simple/Mkt. |
| Arms-Length |
| None |
| Inferior |
| $42.42 |
| Superior |
| Larger |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| Superior |
| $31.82 |
| Superior |
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| 10/05 |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 1.0% |
| 1.0% |
| -15.0% |
| 5.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| -15.0% |
| -25.0% |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
| $40.83 |
| Fee Simple/Mkt. |
| Arms-Length |
| None |
| Inferior |
| $41.12 |
| Superior |
| Larger |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| Superior |
| $30.84 |
| Superior |
|
| 11/05 |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.7% |
| 0.7% |
| -15.0% |
| 5.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| -15.0% |
| -25.0% |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
| $36.73 |
| Fee Simple/Mkt. |
| Arms-Length |
| None |
| Inferior |
| $37.28 |
| Superior |
| Larger |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| Superior |
| $27.96 |
| Superior |
|
| 8/05 |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 1.5% |
| 1.5% |
| -15.0% |
| 5.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| -15.0% |
| -25.0% |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
| $36.16 |
| Fee Simple/Mkt. |
| Arms-Length |
| None |
| Inferior |
| $37.28 |
| Superior |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| $31.69 |
| Superior |
|
| 1/05 |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 3.1% |
| 3.1% |
| -15.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| -15.0% |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
| $25.72 |
| Fee Simple/Mkt. |
| Arms-Length |
| None |
| Inferior |
| $27.08 |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| Similar |
| $27.08 |
| Similar |
|
| 5/04 |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 5.3% |
| 5.3% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
| 0.0% |
|
|
|
SALES SUMMARY |
Price Range |
| Unadj. $/SF |
| $/Acre |
| Adj. $/SF |
| $/Acre |
| ||||
Low |
| $ | 25.72 |
| $ | 1,120,370 |
| $ | 27.08 |
| $ | 1,179,749 |
|
High |
| $ | 42.00 |
| $ | 1,829,520 |
| $ | 31.82 |
| $ | 1,385,861 |
|
Average |
| $ | 38.93 |
| $ | 1,695,840 |
| $ | 29.88 |
| $ | 1,301,470 |
|
AS IS VALUE CONCLUSION |
| $/FAR |
| $/Acre |
| ||
Indicated Value |
| $ | 30.00 |
| $ | 1,306,800 |
|
Site Area |
| x 3,145 |
| x 0.0722 |
| ||
Indicated Value |
| $ | 94,350 |
| $ | 94,350 |
|
Rounded to nearest $2,500 |
| $ | 95,000 |
| $ | 95,000 |
|
$/unit basis |
| $ | 30.21 |
| $ | 1,315,803 |
|
*Market Conditions Adjustment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound annual change in market conditions: |
| 3.00 | % |
Date of Value (for adjustment calculations): |
| 2/2/06 |
|
**Utility includes shape, zoning, access, frontage and visibility. |
31
RECONCILIATION AND FINAL VALUE OPINION
Valuation Methodology Review and Reconciliation
This appraisal employs only the Sales Comparison Approach. Based on our analysis and knowledge of the subject property type and relevant investor profiles, it is our opinion that this approach would be considered necessary and applicable for market participants. The subject’s age makes it difficult to accurately form an opinion of depreciation and tends to make the Cost Approach unreliable. Furthermore, because the subject property is a specialized land use, it is not typically marketed, purchased or sold on the basis of anticipated lease-income. Therefore, we have not employed the Cost Approach or the Income Capitalization Approach to develop an opinion of market value.
The approaches indicated the following:
RECONCILIATION |
| As Is Value |
|
|
| ||
Date of Value |
| February 2, 2006 |
| PSF/FAR |
| ||
Cost Approach |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Sales Comparison Approach |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Percentage Adjustment Method |
| $ | 95,000 |
| $ | 30.21 |
|
Conclusion |
| $ | 95,000 |
| $ | 30.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Income Capitalization Approach |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Final Value Conclusion |
| $ | 95,000 |
| $ | 30.21 |
|
The subject is not currently subject to a lease. Therefore, we have given most weight to the Sales Comparison Approach because this mirrors the methodology used by purchasers of this property type. We have placed very little weight on the Sales Comparison Approach in this analysis.
32
Market Value As Is
Based on our Complete Appraisal as defined by the USPAP, we have developed an opinion that the Market Value of the Fee Simple estate of the referenced property, subject to the assumptions and limiting conditions, certifications, extraordinary and hypothetical conditions, if any, and definitions, “As Is” on February 2, 2006 is:
NINETY-FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS
$95,000
33
ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS
“Report” means the appraisal or consulting report and conclusions stated therein, to which these Assumptions and Limiting Conditions are annexed.
“Property” means the subject of the Report.
“C&W” means Cushman & Wakefield, Inc. or its subsidiary that issued the Report.
“Appraiser(s)” means the employee(s) of C&W who prepared and signed the Report.
The Report has been made subject to the following assumptions and limiting conditions:
1. No opinion is intended to be expressed and no responsibility is assumed for the legal description or for any matters that are legal in nature or require legal expertise or specialized knowledge beyond that of a real estate appraiser. Title to the Property is assumed to be good and marketable and the Property is assumed to be free and clear of all liens unless otherwise stated. No survey of the Property was undertaken.
2. The information contained in the Report or upon which the Report is based has been gathered from sources the Appraiser assumes to be reliable and accurate. The owner of the Property may have provided some of such information. Neither the Appraiser nor C&W shall be responsible for the accuracy or completeness of such information, including the correctness of estimates, opinions, dimensions, sketches, exhibits and factual matters. Any authorized user of the Report is obligated to bring to the attention of C&W any inaccuracies or errors that it believes are contained in the Report.
3. The opinions are only as of the date stated in the Report. Changes since that date in external and market factors or in the Property itself can significantly affect the conclusions.
4. The Report is to be used in whole and not in part. No part of the Report shall be used in conjunction with any other analyses. Publication of the Report or any portion thereof without the prior written consent of C&W is prohibited. Reference to the Appraisal Institute or to the MAI designation is prohibited. Except as may be otherwise stated in the letter of engagement, the Report may not be used by any person(s) other than the party(ies) to whom it is addressed or for purposes other than that for which it was prepared. No part of the Report shall be conveyed to the public through advertising, or used in any sales, promotion, offering or SEC material without C&W’s prior written consent.
Any authorized user(s) of this Report who provides a copy to, or permits reliance thereon by, any person or entity not authorized by C&W in writing to use or rely thereon, hereby agrees to indemnify and hold C&W, its affiliates and their respective shareholders, directors, officers and employees, harmless from and against all damages, expenses, claims and costs, including attorneys’ fees, incurred in investigating and defending any claim arising from or in any way connected to the use of, or reliance upon, the Report by any such unauthorized person(s) or entity(ies).
5. Except as may be otherwise stated in the letter of engagement, the Appraiser shall not be required to give testimony in any court or administrative proceeding relating to the Property or the Appraisal.
6. The Report assumes (a) responsible ownership and competent management of the Property; (b) there are no hidden or unapparent conditions of the Property, subsoil or structures that render the Property more or less valuable (no responsibility is assumed
34
for such conditions or for arranging for engineering studies that may be required to discover them); (c) full compliance with all applicable federal, state and local zoning and environmental regulations and laws, unless noncompliance is stated, defined and considered in the Report; and (d) all required licenses, certificates of occupancy and other governmental consents have been or can be obtained and renewed for any use on which the value opinion contained in the Report is based.
7. The physical condition of the improvements considered by the Report is based on visual inspection by the Appraiser or other person identified in the Report. C&W assumes no responsibility for the soundness of structural members or for the condition of mechanical equipment, plumbing or electrical components.
8. The forecasted potential gross income referred to in the Report may be based on lease summaries provided by the owner or third parties. The Report assumes no responsibility for the authenticity or completeness of lease information provided by others. C&W recommends that legal advice be obtained regarding the interpretation of lease provisions and the contractual rights of parties.
9. The forecasts of income and expenses are not predictions of the future. Rather, they are the Appraiser’s best opinions of current market thinking on future income and expenses. The Appraiser and C&W make no warranty or representation that these forecasts will materialize. The real estate market is constantly fluctuating and changing. It is not the Appraiser’s task to predict or in any way warrant the conditions of a future real estate market; the Appraiser can only reflect what the investment community, as of the date of the Report, envisages for the future in terms of rental rates, expenses, and supply and demand.
10. Unless otherwise stated in the Report, the existence of potentially hazardous or toxic materials that may have been used in the construction or maintenance of the improvements or may be located at or about the Property was not considered in arriving at the opinion of value. These materials (such as formaldehyde foam insulation, asbestos insulation and other potentially hazardous materials) may adversely affect the value of the Property. The Appraisers are not qualified to detect such substances. C&W recommends that an environmental expert be employed to determine the impact of these matters on the opinion of value.
11. Unless otherwise stated in the Report, compliance with the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) has not been considered in arriving at the opinion of value. Failure to comply with the requirements of the ADA may adversely affect the value of the Property. C&W recommends that an expert in this field be employed.
12. If the Report is submitted to a lender or investor with the prior approval of C&W, such party should consider this Report as only one factor together with its independent investment considerations and underwriting criteria, in its overall investment decision. Such lender or investor is specifically cautioned to understand all Extraordinary Assumptions and Hypothetical Conditions and the Assumptions and Limiting Conditions incorporated in this Report.
13. In the event of a claim against C&W or its affiliates or their respective officers or employees or the Appraisers in connection with or in any way relating to this Report or
35
this engagement, the maximum damages recoverable shall be the amount of the monies actually collected by C&W or its affiliates for this Report and under no circumstances shall any claim for consequential damages be made.
14. If the Report is referred to or included in any offering material or prospectus, the Report shall be deemed referred to or included for informational purposes only and C&W, its employees and the Appraiser have no liability to such recipients. C&W disclaims any and all liability to any party other than the party that retained C&W to prepare the Report.
15. At the Client’s request, we have provided an insurable value estimate. The estimate is based on figures derived from a national cost estimating service and is developed consistent with industry practices. However, actual local and regional construction costs may vary significantly from our estimate and individual insurance policies and underwriters have varied specifications, exclusions, and non-insurable items. As such, we strongly recommend that the Client obtain estimates from professionals experienced in establishing insurance coverage for replacing any structure. This analysis should not be relied upon to determine insurance coverage. Furthermore, we make no warranties regarding the accuracy of this estimate.
16. By use of this Report each party that uses this Report agrees to be bound by all of the Assumptions and Limiting Conditions, Hypothetical Conditions and Extraordinary Assumptions stated herein.
Extraordinary Assumptions
An extraordinary assumption is defined by the USPAP (2004 Edition, The Appraisal Foundation, page 3) as “an assumption, directly related to a specific assignment, which, if found to be false, could alter the appraiser’s opinions or conclusions. Extraordinary assumptions presume as fact otherwise uncertain information about physical, legal or economic characteristics of the subject property; or about conditions external to the property, such as market conditions or trends; or about the integrity of data used in an analysis.”
This appraisal employs no extraordinary assumptions.
Hypothetical Conditions
A hypothetical condition is defined by the USPAP (2004 Edition, The Appraisal Foundation, page 3) as “that which is contrary to what exists but is supposed for the purpose of analysis. Hypothetical conditions assume conditions contrary to known facts about physical, legal, or economic characteristics of the subject property; or about conditions external to the property, such as market conditions or trends; or about the integrity of data used in an analysis.”
This appraisal employs no hypothetical conditions.
36
CERTIFICATION OF APPRAISAL
We certify that, to the best of our knowledge and belief:
1. The statements of fact contained in this report are true and correct.
2. The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions are limited only by the reported assumptions and limiting conditions, and are our personal, impartial, and unbiased professional analyses, opinions, and conclusions.
3. We have no present or prospective interest in the property that is the subject of this report, and no personal interest with respect to the parties involved.
4. We have no bias with respect to the property that is the subject of this report or to the parties involved with this assignment.
5. Our engagement in this assignment was not contingent upon developing or reporting predetermined results.
6. Our compensation for completing this assignment is not contingent upon the development or reporting of a predetermined value or direction in value that favors the cause of the client, the amount of the value opinion, the attainment of a stipulated result, or the occurrence of a subsequent event directly related to the intended use of this appraisal.
7. The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions were developed, and this report has been prepared, in conformity with the requirements of the Code of Professional Ethics & Standards of Professional Practice of the Appraisal Institute, which include the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice.
8. Philip P. Cadorette, MAI made a personal inspection of the property that is the subject of this report.
9. No one else provided significant real property appraisal assistance to the persons signing this report.
10. The use of this report is subject to the requirements of the Appraisal Institute relating to review by its duly authorized representatives.
11. As of the date of this report, Philip P. Cadorette, MAI has completed the continuing education program of the Appraisal Institute.
/s Philip P. Cadorette |
|
|
|
Philip P. Cadorette, MAI | |
Director | |
New York Certified General Appraiser | |
License No. 46000003076 | |
phil_cadorette@cushwake.com | |
212-841-7604 Office Direct | |
212-841-7849 Fax |
37
ADDENDA
Addenda Contents
ADDENDUM A: Qualifications of the Appraisers
38
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Philip P. Cadorette, MAI
Director, Valuation Services
Background
Philip P. Cadorette is a Director of Cushman & Wakefield’s New York Valuation Advisory Services Group. His responsibilities include the analysis and appraisal of commercial real estate on a national basis. Between 1990 and 1999, Mr. Cadorette was employed by The Chase Manhattan Bank as a Vice President in their Real Estate Finance Group and the Chase Commercial Mortgage Bank. From 1997 through 1999 Mr. Cadorette was a Senior Underwriter in Chase’s Commercial Mortgage Bank. As senior underwriter Mr. Cadorette underwrote large loans for the mortgage conduit program and worked closely with the rating agencies during the securitization process.
Between 1990 and 1997 Mr. Cadorette was actively involved in underwriting and advisory assignments for commercial real estate projects and portfolios in connection with REIT and acquisition financing, securitization, syndications, and equity and debt placement throughout the United States. He also provided a variety of advisory services and presentations to Chase’s corporate and real estate clients. Mr. Cadorette was part of a team that evaluated Chase’s real estate exposure in connection with the potential acquisition of financial institutions.
Prior to his employment with Chase Manhattan, Mr. Cadorette was employed from 1988 to 1990 as a Senior Commercial Appraiser with Smith Hays and Associates, Smithtown, New York. From 1986 to 1988 Mr. Cadorette was a staff appraiser with Kenneth E. Richards & Associates Inc., West Islip, New York.
Appraisal Experience
Appraisal, feasibility and consulting assignments have included proposed and existing regional malls, shopping centers, multi-tenanted office buildings, industrial buildings, research and development facilities, cooperatives, condominiums and rental apartment properties, vacant land, residential subdivisions, hotels, motels and proposed development. Mr. Cadorette has also consulted institutional clients on the sale, acquisition or performance of nationwide portfolios of investment property as well as provided advisory work with regard to insurable values of single assets and portfolios.
Memberships, Licenses and Professional Affiliations
Member, Appraisal Institute (MAI Designation achieved 1994)
Certified New York State - - General Appraiser
Certified Ohio State - General Appraiser
Education
Pfeiffer University, North Carolina
Bachelor of Science, Marketing / Economics - May, 1986
Appraisal Education
Successfully completed all courses and experience requirements to qualify for the MAI designation. Mr. Cadorette was awarded the designation in 1994. As of the date of this report, Philip P. Cadorette, MAI, has completed the requirements under the continuing education program of the Appraisal Institute.
Appraisal Institute Courses
Real Estate Appraisal Principles | Single Family Residences |
Basic Valuations | Case Studies in Real Estate Valuation |
Capitalization Theory & Techniques, A & B | The Complete Appraisal Review |
Valuation Analysis and Report Writing | Standards of Professional Practice, A & B |