Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY | ' |
a. |
DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY. Since inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to business planning, research and development, recruiting management and technical staff, acquiring operating assets and raising capital. Accordingly, the Company is considered to be in the development stage and the Company’s financial statements are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a development stage company. The Company’s primary focus is on the development and commercialization of its drug candidates. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | ' |
b. | INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for reporting of interim financial information. Pursuant to such rules and regulations, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. have been condensed or omitted. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of the dates and for the periods presented. Accordingly, these statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in the 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by the Company with the SEC. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or for the full 2014 fiscal year. |
USE OF ESTIMATES | ' |
c. |
USE OF ESTIMATES. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ' |
d. |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS. The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist mainly of money market funds. The Company has substantially all of its cash and cash equivalents deposited with one financial institution. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT | ' |
e. |
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT. The certificates of deposit are issued by a banking institution and are recorded at cost plus accrued interest. The original maturity is greater than three months but does not exceed one year. Interest income is recorded in the statement of operations as it is earned. Carrying value at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 approximates fair value. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS | ' |
f. | SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS. The Company invests in short-term investments in high credit-quality funds in order to obtain higher yields on its cash available for investments. As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 short-term investments consisted of money market funds and a short-term bond fund. Such investments are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Short-term investments at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were considered trading securities. Trading securities are recorded at fair value based on the closing market price of the security. For trading securities, the Company recognizes realized gains and losses and unrealized gains and losses to earnings. Realized and unrealized gains(losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 were nominal. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PREPAID EXPENSES | ' |
g. |
PREPAID EXPENSES. Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid research fees, prepaid insurance and prepaid subscription fees. Prepaid research fees consists of advances for the Company’s product development activities, including drug manufacturing, contracts for pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory affairs and consulting. Such advances are recorded as expense as the related goods are received or the related services are performed. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | ' |
h. |
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, short-term investments, accounts payables, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and warrants liability. At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the fair value of these instruments approximated their carrying value. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | ' |
| i. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS. Current Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) fair value guidance emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, current FASB guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which is typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. |
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| | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | |
| | Balances as of | | | Quoted Prices in | | | Significant | | | Significant | |
March 31, | Active Markets | Other | Unobservable |
2014 | for Identical | Observable | Inputs |
| Assets/Liabilities | Inputs | (Level 3) |
| (Level 1) | (Level 2) | |
Money market funds | | $ | 7,831 | | | $ | 7,831 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
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Certificates of deposit | | $ | 3,712,961 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,712,961 | | | $ | — | |
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Short-term investments | | $ | 16,499,324 | | | $ | 16,499,324 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
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Warrants liability | | $ | 2,136,539 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,136,539 | |
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| | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | |
| | Balances as of | | | Quoted Prices in | | | Significant | | | Significant | |
December 31, | Active Markets | Other | Unobservable |
2013 | for Identical | Observable | Inputs |
| Assets/Liabilities | Inputs | (Level 3) |
| (Level 1) | (Level 2) | |
Money market funds | | $ | 25,693 | | | $ | 25,693 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
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Certificates of deposit | | $ | 4,011,576 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,011,576 | | | $ | — | |
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Short-term investments | | $ | 17,483,062 | | | $ | 17,483,062 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
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Warrants liability | | $ | 1,819,562 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,819,562 | |
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WARRANTS LIABILITY | ' |
| j. | WARRANTS LIABILITY. In October 2011, the Company issued 1,523,370 warrants (the 2011 warrants) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with a registered direct offering under the Company’s 2010 Shelf Registration Statement. The Company accounted for these warrants as a liability measured at fair value due to a provision included in the warrants agreement that provides the warrants holders with an option to require the Company (or its successor) to purchase their warrants for cash in an amount equal to their Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (the Black-Scholes Model) value, in the event that certain fundamental transactions, as defined, occur. The fair value of the warrants liability is estimated using the Black-Scholes Model which requires inputs such as the expected term of the warrants, share price volatility and risk-free interest rate. These assumptions are reviewed on a quarterly basis and changes in the estimated fair value of the outstanding warrants are recognized each reporting period in the “Change in fair value of warrants liability” line in the statement of operations. As of March 31, 2014, 1,242,174 of the 2011 warrants remained outstanding. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | ' |
| k. | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION. The Company recognizes expense in the statement of operations for the fair value of all share-based payments to employees, directors, consultants and scientific advisors, including grants of stock options and other share-based awards. For stock options, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model, the single-option award approach, and the straight-line attribution method. Using this approach, compensation cost is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each respective stock option, generally three to five years. The Company estimates forfeitures and adjusts this estimate periodically based on actual forfeitures. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of March 31, 2014, there were outstanding stock options to purchase 3,426,906 shares of common stock, of which stock options to purchase 3,086,905 shares of common stock were exercisable as of March 31, 2014. |
For the three month periods ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense as follows: |
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| | Three months ended March 31, | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | $ | 11,873 | | | $ | 18,763 | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 11,257 | | | | 22,989 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total stock-based compensation | | $ | 23,130 | | | $ | 41,752 | | | | | | | | | |
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COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | ' |
l. |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS). U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require that all components of comprehensive income (loss) be reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is net income (loss), plus certain other items that are recorded directly into stockholders’ equity. For all periods presented, the Company’s net loss equals comprehensive loss, since the Company has no items which are considered other comprehensive income (loss). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NET LOSS PER SHARE | ' |
| m. | NET LOSS PER SHARE. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share is the same for all periods presented, as the effect of potential common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net loss position for all periods presented. The potential shares, which are excluded from the determination of basic and diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive, are as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | March 31, | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | |
Options to purchase common stock | | | 3,426,906 | | | | 3,656,535 | | | | | | | | | |
Warrants to purchase common stock | | | 4,835,924 | | | | 8,710,870 | | | | | | | | | |
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Potential equivalent common stock excluded | | | 8,262,830 | | | | 12,367,405 | | | | | | | | | |
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Potentially dilutive options to purchase common stock as of March 31, 2014 and 2013 have exercise prices ranging from $0.47 to $6.00. Potentially dilutive warrants to purchase common stock as of March 31, 2014 and 2013 have exercise prices ranging from $1.04 to $2.08. |
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS | ' |
n. |
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS. There are no recent accounting pronouncements which we anticipate will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |