Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies. a. INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 10-Q In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of the dates and for the periods presented. Accordingly, these consolidated statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K b. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION c. USE OF ESTIMATES. d. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS. e. INVESTMENTS Short-term bond fund The short-term bond fund is classified in trading securities. Trading securities are recorded at fair value based on the closing market price of the security. For trading securities, the Company recognizes realized gains and losses and unrealized gains and losses to earnings. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the only investment classified as trading securities was the short-term bond fund. Unrealized gain (loss) on trading securities was $0 and ($29,430), respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $29,431 and $58,861 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and is included in other income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. U.S. Treasuries U.S. Treasuries are classified as available-for-sale available-for-sale Available-for-sale non-current available-for-sale available-for-sale available-for-sale f. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS pre-commercialization pre-clinical g. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. h. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS. Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using Balances as of Quoted Prices Significant Significant Cash and cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 10,372,148 $ 10,372,148 $ — $ — Short-term investments: Short-term bond fund $ 26,534,352 $ 26,534,352 $ — $ — U.S. Treasuries $ 24,513,490 $ — $ 24,513,490 $ — Investments: U.S. Treasuries $ 5,018,857 $ — $ 5,018,857 $ — Balances as of Quoted Prices Significant Significant Cash and cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 56,820,688 $ 56,820,688 $ — $ — Short-term investments: Short-term bond fund $ 26,516,711 $ 26,516,711 $ — $ — i. WARRANTS LIABILITY. j. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION. As of September 30, 2018, there were outstanding stock options to purchase 8,062,500 shares of common stock, of which stock options to purchase 4,011,663 shares of common stock were exercisable as of September 30, 2018. For the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Research and development $ 240,122 $ 192,796 $ 820,062 $ 622,700 General and administrative 518,054 336,942 1,700,961 1,299,751 Total stock-based compensation $ 758,176 $ 529,738 $ 2,521,023 $ 1,922,451 k. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS). available-for-sale l. NET LOSS PER SHARE. September 30, 2018 2017 Options to purchase common stock 8,062,500 6,085,000 Unvested restricted stock — 26,667 Potential equivalent common stock excluded 8,062,500 6,111,667 Potentially dilutive options to purchase common stock as of September 30, 2018 have exercise prices ranging from $0.79 to $4.64. Potentially dilutive options to purchase common stock as of September 30, 2017 had exercise prices ranging from $0.47 to $4.64. m. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS . No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) 2016-02 In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting 2017-09 In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting 2018-07 n. RECLASSIFICATIONS. |