Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies. a. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION. b. USE OF ESTIMATES. c. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS. d. INVESTMENTS. The short-term bond funds and U.S. Treasuries held at December 31, 2021 are classified as available-for-sale non-current non-current The Company records available-for-sale available-for-sale available-for-sale available-for-sale e. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET. f. INVENTORY work-in-process first-in, ® ® Products that have been approved by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, such as FIRDAPSE ® ® The Company evaluates for potential excess inventory by analyzing current and future product demand relative to the remaining product shelf life. The Company builds demand forecasts by considering factors such as, but not limited to, overall market potential, market share, market acceptance, and patient usage. g. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS. pre-clinical h. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET. less accumulated depreciation. three five i. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. j. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS. Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using (in thousands) Balances as of December 31, 2021 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Cash and cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 10,990 $ 10,990 $ — $ — U.S. Treasuries $ 140,995 $ 140,995 $ — $ — Short-term investments: Short-term bond funds $ 19,821 $ 19,821 $ — $ — Balances as of December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Cash and cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 15,674 $ 15,674 $ — $ — U.S. Treasuries $ 104,994 $ — $ 104,994 $ — Short-term investments: Short-term bond funds $ 10,041 $ 10,041 $ — $ — k. OPERATING LEASES. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use non-lease l. SHARE REPURCHASES. 2021 40 The Company accounts for share repurchases by charging the excess of the repurchase price over the repurchased common stock’s par value entirely to accumulated deficit. All repurchased shares are retired and for the shares purchased under the share repurchase plan based on the trade date. The Company may terminate or modify its share repurchase program at any time. m. REVENUE RECOGNITION. Product Revenues: The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains title of the promised goods, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for these goods. The Company had no contracts with customers until the FDA approved FIRDAPSE ® ® ® ® To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”), the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations by assessing whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. For a complete discussion of accounting for product revenue, see Product Revenue, Net below. The Company also may generate revenues from payments received under collaborative and license agreements. Collaborative and license agreement payments may include nonrefundable fees at the inception of the agreements, contingent payments for specific achievements designated in the agreements, and/or net profit-sharing payments on sales of products resulting from the collaborative and license arrangements. For a complete discussion of accounting for collaborative and licensing arrangements, see Revenues from Collaboration and Licensing Arrangements below. Product Revenue, Net: ® ® The Company recognizes revenue on product sales when the Customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time (upon delivery or upon dispense to patient). Product revenue is recorded net of applicable reserves for variable consideration, including discounts and allowances. The Company’s payment terms range between 15 and 30 days. Shipping and handling costs for product shipments occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods and are recorded in cost of sales. If taxes should be collected from the Customer relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities, they will be excluded from revenue. The Company expenses incremental costs of obtaining a contract when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that the Company would have recognized is one year or less. However, no such costs were incurred during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, principally all of the Company’s sales of FIRDAPSE ® Reserves for Variable Consideration: These estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted in accordance with the expected value method in Topic 606 for relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data, and forecasted Customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the respective underlying contracts. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur in a future period. The Company’s analyses also contemplates application of the constraint in accordance with the guidance, under which it determined a material reversal of revenue would not occur in a future period for the estimates detailed below as of December 31, 2021 and, therefore, the transaction price was not reduced further during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known. Trade Discounts and Allowances: ® Prompt Payment Discounts: Funded Co-pay co-pay co-pay ® Product Returns: Provider Chargebacks and Discounts: Government Rebates: Bridge and Patient Assistance Programs: ® pre-established ® ® ® ® Revenues from Collaboration and Licensing Arrangements: The Company analyzes license and collaboration arrangements pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangement Guidance and Consideration, (“Topic 808”) to assess whether such arrangements, or transactions between arrangement participants, involve joint operating activities performed by parties that are both active participants in the activities and exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of such activities or are more akin to a vendor-customer relationship. In making this evaluation, the Company considers whether the activities of the collaboration are considered to be distinct and deemed to be within the scope of the collaborative arrangement guidance or if they are more reflective of a vendor-customer relationship and, therefore, within the scope of Topic 606. This assessment is performed throughout the life of the arrangement based on changes in the responsibilities of all parties in the arrangement. For elements of collaboration arrangements that are not accounted for pursuant to guidance in Topic 606, an appropriate recognition method is determined and applied consistently, generally by analogy to the revenue from contracts with customers guidance. The Company evaluates the performance obligations promised in the contract that are based on goods and services that will be transferred to the customer and determines whether those obligations are both (i) capable of being distinct and (ii) distinct in the context of the contract. Goods or services that meet these criteria are considered distinct performance obligations. The Company estimates the transaction price based on the amount expected to be received for transferring the promised goods or services in the contract. The consideration may include fixed consideration or variable consideration. The agreements provide for milestone payments upon achievement of development and regulatory events. The Company accounts for milestone payments as variable consideration in accordance with Topic 606. At the inception of each arrangement that includes variable consideration, the Company evaluates the amount of potential transaction price and the likelihood that the transaction price will be received. The Company utilizes either the most likely amount method or expected value method to estimate the amount expected to be received based on which method best predicts the amount expected to be received. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Arrangements that include rights to additional goods or services that are exercisable at a customer’s discretion are generally considered options. The Company assesses if these options provide a material right to the customer and, if so, these options are considered performance obligations. After contract inception, the transaction price is reassessed at every period end and updated for changes such as resolution of uncertain events. Any change in the overall transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on the same methodology used at contract inception. The Company recognizes sales-based royalties or net profit-sharing when the later of (a) the subsequent sale occurs, or (b) the performance obligation to which the sales-based royalty or net profit-sharing has been allocated has been satisfied. Payments to and from the collaborator are presented in the statement of operations based on the nature of the Company’s business operations, the nature of the arrangement, including the contractual terms, and the nature of the payments. Refer to Note 9 (Collaborati ve . n. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. o. ADVERTISING EXPENSE. ® p. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION. grant date fair value of all stock-based payments to employees, directors and consultants, including grants of stock options and other share-based awards. For stock options, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model, the single-option award approach, and the straight-line attribution method. Using this approach, compensation cost is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each respective stock option, generally one q CONCENTRATION OF RISK. The Company sells its product in the United States through an exclusive distributor (its Customer) to SPs. Therefore, its distributor and SPs account for principally all of its trade receivables and net product revenues. The creditworthiness of its Customer is continuously monitored, and the Company has internal policies regarding customer credit limits. The Company estimates an allowance for expected credit loss primarily based on the credit worthiness of its Customer, historical payment patterns, aging of receivable balances and general economic conditions. The Company currently has a single product with limited commercial sales experience, which makes it difficult to evaluate its current business, predict its future prospects and forecast financial performance and growth. The Company has invested a significant portion of its efforts and financial resources in the development and commercialization of the lead product, FIRDAPSE ® ® ® The Company relies exclusively on third parties to formulate and manufacture FIRDAPSE ® ® ® r. ROYALTIES. s. INCOME TAXES. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not t. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME. available-for-sale u. NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, increased by the assumed conversion of other potentially dilutive securities during the period. The following table reconciles basic and diluted weighted average common shares: For the Years Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 103,379,349 103,512,913 102,944,316 Effect of dilutive securities 4,416,236 2,729,360 3,076,620 Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 107,795,585 106,242,273 106,020,936 Outstanding common stock equivalents totaling approximately 4.3 million, 7.1 million and 4.6 million, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive options to purchase common stock as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 had exercise prices ranging from $0.79 to $4.64, $0.79 to $3.95 and $0.79 to $4.20, respectively. v SEGMENT INFORMATION. drug w RECLASSIFICATIONS. x. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes step-up |