Significant accounting policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (a) | Basis of presentation: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. |
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These consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). |
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The Company has sustained net losses over the past several years and as at December 31, 2014 have an accumulated a deficit of $765.0 million. As at December 31, 2014 the Company has cash and cash equivalents of $93.3 million. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on its available cash, its ability to find new sources of financing or raise cash through the sale of assets while in pursuit of operating profitability. Over the past year, the Company has taken immediate actions to right-size the business structure and reduce expenses through activities including staff reductions and deferral of non-core development programs. Management believes these factors will contribute toward achieving profitability, though further expense reductions may be required. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in achieving its objectives. Management believes that the cash balances available as of December 31, 2014, combined with cost cutting measures in place and its ability to find new sources of financing or raise cash through the sale of assets subsequent to the balance sheet date, provides sufficient funds for the Company to meet its obligations beyond the next 12 months. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. |
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Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block] | (b) | Foreign currency translation: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company’s reporting currency for its consolidated financial statement presentation is the United States dollar. The functional currencies of the Company’s operations and subsidiaries include the following: United States, Canadian and Australian dollar, Euro, Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), and Swedish Krona. The Company translates assets and liabilities of non-US dollar functional currency operations using the period end exchange rates, shareholders’ equity balances using the weighted average of historical exchange rates, and revenues and expenses using the monthly average rate for the period with the resulting exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income. |
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Transactions that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the Company’s operations or its subsidiaries are translated at the rate in effect on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated to the applicable functional currency at the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the historical exchange rate. All foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in the statement of operations, except for the translation gains and losses arising from available-for-sale instruments, which are recorded through other comprehensive income until realized through disposal or impairment. |
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Except as otherwise noted, all amounts in these financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. For the periods presented, the Company used the following exchange rates: |
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| | Period end exchange rate as at: | | Average for the year ended: | |
| | December 31, 2014 | | December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2014 | | December 31, 2013 | |
Canadian dollar | | | 0.86 | | | 0.94 | | | 0.91 | | | 0.97 | |
Australian dollar | | | 0.82 | | | 0.89 | | | 0.9 | | | 0.97 | |
Euro | | | 1.21 | | | 1.38 | | | 1.33 | | | 1.33 | |
RMB | | | 0.16 | | | 0.17 | | | 0.16 | | | 0.16 | |
Swedish Krona | | | 0.13 | | | 0.16 | | | 0.15 | | | 0.15 | |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (c) | Cash and cash equivalents: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Cash and cash equivalents includes cash, term deposits, bankers acceptances and guaranteed investment certificates with maturities of ninety days or less when acquired. Cash equivalents are considered as held for trading and recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. |
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Short Term Investments [Policy Text Block] | (d) | Short-term investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Short-term investments, consisting of investment grade commercial paper, banker acceptances, bearer deposit notes, guaranteed investment certificates and other term deposits, are considered available for sale and recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. A decline in value that is considered other than temporary is recognized in net loss for the period. |
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Receivables, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (e) | Accounts receivable, net: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Accounts receivable are measured at amortized cost. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. Management considers the following factors when determining the collectibility of specific customer accounts: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. Past due balances over 90 days and other higher risk amounts are reviewed individually for collectibility. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required. Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance. Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable. |
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Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (f) | Inventories: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company’s inventories consist of the Company’s fuel system products (finished goods), work-in-progress, purchased parts and assembled parts. Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined based on the lower of weighted average cost and net realizable value. The cost of fuel system product inventories, assembled parts and work-in-progress includes materials, labour and production overhead including depreciation. The Company provides inventory write-downs based on excess and obsolete inventories determined primarily by future demand forecasts. In addition, the Company records a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments with manufacturers for quantities in excess of the Company’s future demand forecast consistent with its valuation of excess and obsolete inventory. |
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Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (g) | Property, plant and equipment: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided as follows: |
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Assets | | Basis | | Rate | | | | | | | | | |
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Buildings | | Straight-line | | 15 years | | | | | | | | | |
Computer equipment and software | | Straight-line | | 3 years | | | | | | | | | |
Furniture and fixtures | | Straight-line | | 5 years | | | | | | | | | |
Machinery and equipment | | Straight-line | | 8 – 10 years | | | | | | | | | |
Leasehold improvements | | Straight-line | | Lease term | | | | | | | | | |
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Long Term Investments [Policy Text Block] | (h) | Long-term investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company accounts for investments in which it has significant influence, including VIEs for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary, using the equity basis of accounting. Under the equity method, the Company recognizes its share of income from equity accounted investees in the statement of operations with a corresponding increase in long-term investments. Any dividends paid or payable are credited against long-term investments. |
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Financial Liabilities [Policy Text Block] | (i) | Financial liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, short-term debt and long-term debt are measured at amortized cost. Transaction costs relating to long-term debt are deferred in other assets on initial recognition and are amortized using the effective interest rate method. |
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Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (j) | Research and development costs: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded net of government funding received or receivable. |
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Government Assistance [Policy Text Block] | (k) | Government assistance: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company periodically applies for financial assistance under available government incentive programs, which is recorded in the period it is received or receivable. Government assistance relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment is reflected as a reduction of the cost of such assets. Government assistance related to research and development activities is recorded as a reduction of the related expenditures. |
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Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (l) | Intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Intangible assets consist primarily of the cost of intellectual property, trademarks, technology, customer contracts and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from 5 to 20 years. |
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Asset Retirement Obligations, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (m) | Impairment of long-lived assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If such conditions exist, assets are considered impaired if the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of an asset is less than its carrying amount. An impairment loss is measured at the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. When quoted market prices are not available, the Company uses the expected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risks associated with the recovery of the asset as an estimate of fair value. |
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Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (n) | Goodwill impairment: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Goodwill is recorded at the time of purchase for the excess of the amount of the purchase price over the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized and instead is tested at least annually for impairment, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. This impairment test is performed annually at November 30. Future adverse changes in market conditions or poor operating results of underlying assets could result in an inability to recover the carrying value of the goodwill, thereby possibly requiring an impairment charge. |
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A two-step test is used to identify a potential impairment and to measure the amount of impairment, if any. The first step is to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is considered not impaired; otherwise, goodwill is impaired and the loss is measured by performing step two. Under step two, the impairment loss is measured by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of goodwill. |
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Fair value is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, which may include discounted cash flows and market multiple analyses. These types of analyses contain uncertainties because they require management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate industry economic factors and the profitability of future business strategies. |
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Standard Product Warranty, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (o) | Warranty liability: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Estimated warranty costs are recognized at the time the Company sells its products and are included in cost of revenue. The Company provides warranty coverage on products sold for a period ending two years from the date the products are put into service by customers. Warranty liability represents the Company’s best estimate of warranty costs expected to be incurred during the warranty period. Furthermore, the current portion of warranty liability represents the Company’s best estimate of the costs to be incurred in the next twelve-month period. The Company uses historical failure rates and cost to repair defective products to estimate the warranty liability. New product launches require a greater use of judgment in developing estimates until claims experience becomes available. Product specific experience is typically available four or five quarters after product launch, with a clear experience trend not evident until eight to twelve quarters after launch. The Company records warranty expense for new products upon shipment using a factor based upon historical experience from previous engine generations in the first year, a blend of actual product and historical experience in the second year and product specific experience thereafter. The amount payable by the Company and the timing will depend on actual failure rates and cost to repair failures of its products. Since a number of the Company’s products are new in the market, historical data may not necessarily reflect actual costs to be incurred and may result in significant fluctuations in the warranty liability. |
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Extended Product Warranty, Policy [Policy Text Block] | | (p) | Extended warranty: | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company sells extended warranty contracts that provide coverage in addition to the basic warranty coverage. Proceeds from the sale of these contracts are deferred and amortized over the extended warranty period commencing at the end of the basic warranty period. On a periodic basis, management reviews the estimated costs expected to be incurred related to servicing these contracts and recognizes a loss to the extent such costs exceed the related deferred revenue. Extended warranty costs are expensed as period costs as incurred. |
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Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | | (q) | Revenue recognition: | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Product revenue |
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The Company’s primary source of revenue is from the sale of kits, Westport LNG systems and parts, and Westport CNG and LPG fuel systems for OEMs in the light-duty automotive and industrial markets. Product revenue is recognized when contractual terms are agreed upon, the price is fixed or determinable, the products are shipped and title passes to the customer and collectability is reasonably assured. |
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Revenue from research and development |
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The Company also earns service revenue from research and development arrangements under which the Company provides contract services relating to developing natural gas engines or biogas engines for use in products and providing ongoing development services to assist with the development and commercialization of products. These contracts provide for the payment for services based on our achieving defined milestones or on the performance of work under product development programs. Revenues are recognized using the milestone method based on assessment of progress achieved against the defined milestones. Revenue may also be recognized using the proportionate performance method of accounting based on the performance of work under the research and development arrangement. There is a risk that a customer may ultimately disagree with our assessment of the progress achieved against milestones or that our estimates of the percentage of work completed could change. Should this occur, the revenues recognized in the period might require adjustment in a subsequent period. All costs incurred related to revenue earned from research and development arrangements are recorded as research and development expense as incurred. |
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Revenue from contracts |
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The Company earns revenue under certain contracts to provide engineering development services. These contracts provide for the payment for services based on the performance of work under product development programs. Revenues are recognized under these contracts based on the percentage of completion method of accounting. The components to measure percentage of completion are complex and subject to many variables. Components may include estimated costs to complete a contract, estimated hours to completion or management’s assessment of work to be performed. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed total estimates of revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is recorded in the period the loss is determined. There is a risk that the estimated percentage of completion of a contract may change, which may result in an adjustment to previously recognized revenues. All costs incurred related to revenue earned from contracts are recorded in cost of products sold. |
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Arrangements with customers may include multiple deliverables, including any combination of products, services, and licenses. In these arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. The Company uses a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables: (a) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (VSOE), (b) third-party evidence of selling price (TPE), and (c) best estimate of selling price (BESP), which are determined as follows: |
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VSOE-In limited circumstances are products sold separately in stand-alone arrangements. In determining VSOE, the Company requires that a substantial majority of the selling prices for a product or service falls within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by the pricing rates of approximately 85% of such historical stand-alone transactions falling within plus or minus 10% of the median rate. In addition, the Company considers the geographies in which the products or services are sold, major product and service groups, customer classification, and other environmental or marketing variables in determining VSOE. |
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TPE-VSOE exists only when the Company sells the deliverable separately. When VSOE does not exist, the Company attempts to determine TPE based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, the Company’s go-to-market strategy for many of its products differs from that of its peers and its offerings contain a significant level of customization and differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality sold by other companies cannot be obtained. Furthermore, the Company is unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products’ selling prices are on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, the Company is typically not able to determine TPE. |
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BESP-The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. When both VSOE and TPE do not exist, the Company determines BESP by first collecting all reasonably available data points including sales, cost and margin analysis of the product, and other inputs based on the Company’s normal pricing practices. Second, the Company makes any reasonably required adjustments to the data based on market and Company-specific factors. Third, the Company stratifies the data points, when appropriate, based on customer, magnitude of the transaction and sales volume. |
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Once elements of an arrangement are separated into more than one unit of accounting, revenue is recognized for each separate unit of accounting based on the nature of the revenue as described above. |
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Changes in cost estimates and the fair values of certain deliverables could negatively impact the Company’s operating results. In addition, unforeseen conditions could arise over the contract term that may have a significant impact on the Company’s operating results. |
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License revenue |
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Revenue from technology license fees is recognized over the duration of the licensing agreement. Amounts received in advance of the revenue recognition criteria being met are recorded as deferred revenue. |
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Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | (r) | Income taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences between the accounting basis and tax basis of the assets and liabilities and for loss carry-forwards, tax credits and other tax attributes, using the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on the deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. |
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The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets to the extent the assets are more-likely-than-not to be realized. In making such a determination the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If it is determined that, based on all available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is provided to reduce the deferred income tax assets. |
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The Company uses a two-step process to recognize and measure the income tax benefit of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized if it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a tax authority based solely on the technical merits of the position. A tax benefit that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured as the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with the tax authority. To the extent a full benefit is not expected to be realized, an income tax liability is established. Any change in judgment related to the expected resolution of an uncertain tax position is recognized in the year of such a change. |
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