Equity | (12) Equity The Company may issue preferred stock, common stock, or both, in connection with underwritten public offerings, registered direct offerings, or business acquisitions. Such issuances of equity typically include the issuance or sale of warrants to purchase common stock. Certain issuances of convertible preferred stock and warrants may contain anti-dilutive features apart from customary adjustments for splits and reverse splits of common stock (collectively, “down round features”). When a series of convertible preferred stock contains this non-standard down round feature, the Company is required to adjust the conversion price in the event of future stock sales at a lower unit price. When warrants issued in connection with an equity transaction contain, or are amended to contain, this non-standard down round feature, the Company is required to adjust the exercise price upon the issuance of any shares of common stock or securities convertible into shares of common stock below the then-existing exercise price and evaluate and account for the value attributable to the reduced warrant exercise price. In the event down round adjustments are triggered, the values attributable to the adjustment to the convertible preferred stock conversion price and warrant exercise price are recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital and increase to accumulated deficit. As of December 31, 2019, the series B convertible preferred stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) and warrants issued to investors in August 2017 and warrants issued to investors in connection with the sale of common stock in June, July and August 2018, as amended, contain such down round features. At December 31, 2019, the exercise price of the warrants was $2.40 per share, as last reset effective with a direct financing completed on June 18, 2019. All series of the Company’s convertible preferred stock are classified in stockholders’ equity, including those with the down round feature, when applicable to the equity transaction. Warrants to purchase common stock are classified in stockholders’ equity, including those issued with the down round feature, as they are both indexed to the Company’s own stock and meet the scope exception in ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging.” Down round adjustments were not material during the year ended December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a total of $0.2 million attributable to changes in the conversion price of convertible preferred stock and $2.9 million attributable to the reductions in the exercise price of warrants. The value attributable to the warrant exercise price reductions in 2018 was estimated using the Black Scholes model using risk-free interest rates ranging from 2.13% to 2.96%; expected lives ranging from less than one year to 9.4 years; expected dividends of zero and expected volatility ranging from 111.63% to 293.32%. The Company had the following equity transactions during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: September 2019 Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants On September 23, 2019, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement with the holders of Series B warrants issued in the June 2019 private placement. The holders agreed to early exercise 3,333,334 Series B warrants in the private placement in exchange for 69,167 shares of common stock and 3,264,167 common stock equivalents in the form of Series F prefunded warrants. The net proceeds from the early exercise of Series B warrants were approximately $6.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. As an incentive for the warrant holders to exercise their Series B warrant in full, the warrant holders were issued new five-year series E warrants to purchase up to 3,333,334 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock, in aggregate, at an exercise price of $6.00 per share, through a private placement. In connection with the registered direct offering, the placement agent received warrants to purchase 233,334 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $6.00 per share. June 2019 Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants On June 18, 2019, the Company completed a private placement with certain healthcare focused institutional investors for the sale of 130,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.40 per share and series C pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,203,334 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.28 per share. The exercise price of each pre-funded warrant is $0.12 per share. The Company also issued series A warrants to purchase 3,333,334 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.64 per share and series B warrants to purchase 3,333,334 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.40 per share. Net proceeds from the private placement were $6.9 million after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. In connection with the registered direct offering, the placement agent received warrants to purchase 233,334 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share. November 2018 Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants On November 28, 2018, the Company completed a registered direct offering with two healthcare focused institutional investors which included the sale of 5,584 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $150.00 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase 61,084 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $148.80 per share. The exercise price of each pre-funded warrant is $1.20 per share. The Company also issued Series A warrants to purchase 66,667 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $180.00 per share. In connection with the registered direct offering, the placement agent received warrants to purchase 4,667 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $187.50 per share. Net proceeds from the registered direct offering were $9.1 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. As discussed in Note 10, in connection with the debenture financing completed on March 29, 2019, the exercise price of the Series A warrants was adjusted to $1.20 per share. 2018 At-the-Market Offering During the period from October 9, 2018 through November 28, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate of 52,197 shares of common stock in an at-the-market public offering (“2018 ATM”) at an average price per share of $286.80. In connection with the ATM, the placement agent received warrants to purchase a total of 3,654 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $151.80 per share to $897.06 per share. Net proceeds from the ATM were $13.4 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. September 2018 Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants and Exchange of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock for Common Stock and Warrants On September 20, 2018, the Company completed a public offering which included the issuance of 696 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $756.00 per share and warrants to purchase 348 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $756.00 per share. In connection with the public offering, the placement agent received warrants to purchase 49 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $945.00 per share. Net proceeds from the public offering were $0.4 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. Pursuant to the terms of the April 2018 securities purchase agreement, on September 20, 2018, the purchasers exercised their right to exchange their shares of series D convertible preferred stock into the common stock and warrants included in the September 2018 public offering. As a result, an aggregate of 1,491 shares of series D convertible preferred stock was exchanged for the issuance of 237 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 119 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $756.00 per share. August 2018 Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants On August 3, 2018, the Company completed a registered direct offering which included the sale of 60 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $10,080.00 per share and warrants to purchase 60 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $18,480.00 per share. In connection with the registered direct offering, the placement agent received warrants to purchase 5 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $12,600.00 per share. Net proceeds from the registered direct offering were $0.5 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. July 2018 Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants On July 12, 2018, the Company completed a registered direct offering which included the sale of 74 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $34,440.00 per share and warrants to purchase 74 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2,100.00 per share. The initial exercise price of each warrant was $34,608.00 per share. In connection with the registered direct offering, the placement agent received warrants to purchase 6 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $45,679.20 per share. Net proceeds from the registered direct offering were $2.2 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. June 2018 Issuances of Common Stock and Warrants On June 21, 2018, the Company completed a registered direct offering which included the sale of 28 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $51,576.00 per share per share and warrants to purchase 28 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2,100.00 per share. The initial exercise price of each warrant was $51,744.00 per share. In connection with the registered direct offering, the placement agent received warrants to purchase 2 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $67,032.00 per share. Net proceeds from the registered direct offering were $1.3 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. The Company used $0.5 million of the net proceeds of the offering to redeem 500 of the then currently 5,250 outstanding shares of its series D convertible preferred stock, which the Company agreed to as an inducement to obtain the required consent of the holder of series D convertible preferred stock for the Company to complete the offering. On June 9, 2018, the Company completed a registered direct offering which included the sale of 23 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $65,856.00 per share per share and warrants to purchase 17 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2,100.00 per share. The initial exercise price of each warrant was $66,024.00 per share. In connection with the registered direct offering, the placement agent received warrants to purchase 2 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $84,168.00 per share. Net proceeds from the registered direct offering were $1.2 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. April 2018 Issuance of Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants On April 3, 2018 the Company completed a registered direct offering which included the sale of 6,000 shares of series D convertible preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Series D Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $1,000 per share and warrants to purchase 139 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $189,000.00 per share. Net proceeds from the registered direct offering were $5.1 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other transaction costs. In April 2019, the remaining warrants to purchase 137 shares of common stock, net of the warrants exercised in May 2018 as discussed in Note 13, expired in accordance with their terms. Conversions of Stock On February 1, 2019, pursuant to an exchange agreement with Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. (“Sabby”) 9,993 shares of the Company’s common stock were exchanged for an aggregate of 1,192,000 shares of series E convertible preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Series E Preferred Stock”) in a noncash transaction. Each share of Series E Preferred Stock was convertible into one share of common stock at Sabby’s election pre-effect of the reverse stock split that occurred during November 2019. In April 2019, all shares of Series E Preferred Stock were converted into an equal number of shares of common stock. The November 2019 reverse stock split had no effect on this transaction. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, 156 shares and 5,896 shares, respectively of Series B Preferred Stock were converted into 1,040 shares and 3,970 shares, respectively, of common stock. At December 31, 2019, the remaining 3 shares of Series B Preferred stock are convertible into 1,250 shares of common stock. In addition to the shares of Series D Preferred Stock redeemed in connection with the registered direct offering completed on June 21, 2018, all of the remaining 5,500 shares of the Series D Preferred Stock were converted into 903 shares of common stock during the year ended December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2019, the remaining 95,388 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, are convertible into 38 shares of common stock. The Series C Preferred Stock has no voting rights. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation of the Company, the Series C Preferred Stock holders shall be paid after other series of preferred stock, but take preferential treatment over common shareholders. The series C convertible preferred stock has a liquidation preference of $274.88 per share, or $692,691.05 per underlying share of common stock, or approximately $26.2 million in the aggregate. Holders of the series C convertible preferred stock have the right to convert their shares into shares of common stock instead of receiving the liquidation preference. In general, the series C convertible preferred stock is entitled to receive dividends (on an as-if-converted-to-common stock basis) actually paid on shares of common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of common stock. No other dividends will be paid on shares of series C convertible preferred stock. |