Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Jul. 31, 2014 |
Basis of Presentation [Policy Text Block] | ' |
| Basis of Presentation – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Royal Mines and Minerals Corp’s (the “Company”) fiscal year-end is April 30. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description of Business [Policy Text Block] | ' |
| Description of Business – The Company is considered an exploration stage company. The Company's primary objectives are to 1) commercially extract and refine precious metals from its own and other’s leachable assets, 2) use its lixiviation processes to convert specific ore bodies and fly ash landfills/monofills into valuable assets, and 3) joint venture, acquire and develop mining projects in North America. The Company has not yet realized significant revenues from its primary objectives. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
History [Policy Text Block] | ' |
| History – The Company was incorporated on December 14, 2005 under the laws of the State of Nevada. On June 13, 2007, the Company incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary, Royal Mines Acquisition Corp., in the state of Nevada. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| On October 5, 2007, Centrus Ventures Inc. (Centrus) completed the acquisition of Royal Mines Inc. (“Royal Mines”). The acquisition of Royal Mines was completed by way of a “triangular merger” pursuant to the provisions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated September 24, 2007 (the “First Merger Agreement”) among Centrus, Royal Mines Acquisition Corp. (“Centrus Sub”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Centrus, Royal Mines and Kevin B. Epp, the former sole executive officer and director of Centrus. On October 5, 2007, under the terms of the First Merger Agreement, Royal Mines was merged with and into Centrus Sub, with Centrus Sub continuing as the surviving corporation (the “First Merger”). | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| On October 6, 2007, a second merger was completed pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 6, 2007 (the “Second Merger Agreement”) between Centrus and its wholly owned subsidiary, Centrus Sub, whereby Centrus Sub was merged with and into Centrus, with Centrus continuing as the surviving corporation (the “Second Merger”). As part of the Second Merger, Centrus changed its name from “Centrus Ventures Inc.” to “Royal Mines And Minerals Corp.”(“the Company”). Other than the name change, no amendments were made to the Articles of Incorporation. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| Under the terms and conditions of the First Merger Agreement, each share of Royal Mines’ common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the completion of the First Merger was converted into one share of Centrus’ common stock. As a result, a total of 32,183,326 shares of Centrus common stock were issued to former stockholders of Royal Mines. In addition, Mr. Epp surrendered 23,500,000 shares of Centrus common stock for cancellation in consideration of payment by Centrus of $0.001 per share for an aggregate consideration of $23,500. As a result, upon completion of the First Merger, the former stockholders of Royal Mines owned approximately 69.7% of the issued and outstanding common stock. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| As such, Royal Mines is deemed to be the acquiring enterprise for financial reporting purposes. All acquired assets and liabilities of Centrus were recorded at fair value on the date of the acquisition, as required by the purchase method of accounting, and the tangible net liabilities were debited against equity of the Company. There are no continuing operations of Centrus from the date of acquisition. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Going Concern [Policy Text Block] | ' |
| Going Concern - As of July 31, 2014, the Company has incurred cumulative net losses of $16,032,128 from operations since inception, accumulated other comprehensive loss of $80,000, and has negative working capital of $1,193,787. The Company is still in the exploration stage and has not fully commenced its mining and minerals processing operations, raising substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company raising additional sources of capital and the successful execution of the Company’s objectives. The Company will seek additional sources of capital through the issuance of debt or equity financing, but there can be no assurance the Company will be successful in accomplishing its objectives. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of assets and liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Use of Estimates [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be a cash equivalent. |
Fair Value [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Fair Value - ASC 825, Financial Instruments requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 825 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 825 prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value: |
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Level 1 |
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Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
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Level 2 |
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Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
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Level 3 |
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Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
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Pursuant to ASC 825, the fair value of cash is determined based on “Level 1” inputs, which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company's financial instruments consist of cash, prepaid expenses, other assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and loans payable. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due to either length of maturity or interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates unless otherwise disclosed in these financial statements. |
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Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were presented on the Company’s balance sheet as of July 31, 2014 and April 30, 2014 as follows: |
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Fair Value Measurements at July 31, 2014 Using: |
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| Assets: | | Total Carrying Value | | | Quoted Marked | | | Significant | | | Significant | |
| | | as of 7/31/2014 | | | Prices in Active | | | Other | | | Unobservable | |
| | | | | | Markets (Level | | | Observable | | | Inputs (Level 3) | |
| | | | | | 1) | | | Inputs (Level 2) | | | | |
| Investments in marketable securities | $ | 920,000 | | $ | - | | $ | 920,000 | | $ | - | |
| Total | $ | 920,000 | | $ | - | | $ | 920,000 | | $ | - | |
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Fair Value Measurements at April 30, 2014 Using: |
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| Assets: | | Total Carrying Value | | | Quoted Marked | | | Significant | | | Significant | |
| | | as of 4/30/2014 | | | Prices in Active | | | Other | | | Unobservable | |
| | | | | | Markets (Level | | | Observable | | | Inputs (Level 3 | |
| | | | | | 1) | | | Inputs (Level 2) | | | | |
| Investments in marketable securities | $ | 500,000 | | $ | - | | $ | 500,000 | | $ | - | |
| Total | $ | 500,000 | | $ | - | | $ | 500,000 | | $ | - | |
Property and Equipment [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Property and Equipment - Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally 3 to 10 years. The cost of repairs and maintenance is charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for property betterments and renewals are capitalized. Upon sale or other disposition of a depreciable asset, cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in the statement of operations. |
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The Company periodically evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred that may warrant revision of the estimated useful life of fixed assets or whether the remaining balance of fixed assets should be evaluated for possible impairment. The Company uses an estimate of the related undiscounted cash flows over the remaining life of the fixed assets in measuring their recoverability. |
Exploration Costs [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Exploration Costs – Exploration costs incurred in locating areas of potential mineralization or evaluating properties or working interests with specific areas of potential mineralization are expensed as incurred. Development costs of proven mining properties not yet producing are capitalized at cost and classified as capitalized exploration costs under property, plant and equipment. Property holding costs are charged to operations during the period if no significant exploration or development activities are being conducted on the related properties. Upon commencement of production, capitalized exploration and development costs would be amortized based on the estimated proven and probable reserves benefited. Properties determined to be impaired or that are abandoned are written-down to the estimated fair value. Carrying values do not necessarily reflect present or future values. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets – The Company reviews and evaluates long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The assets are subject to impairment consideration under ASC 360-10-35-17, Measurement of an Impairment Loss , if events or circumstances indicate that their carrying amount might not be recoverable. |
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Various factors could impact our ability to achieve forecasted production schedules. Additionally, commodity prices, capital expenditure requirements and reclamation costs could differ from the assumptions the Company may use in cash flow models used to assess impairment. The ability to achieve the estimated quantities of recoverable minerals from exploration stage mineral interests involves further risks in addition to those factors applicable to mineral interests where proven and probable reserves have been identified, due to the lower level of confidence that the identified mineralized material can ultimately be mined economically. The Company did not recognized an impairment expense for the three months ended July 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
Revenue Recognition [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Revenue Recognition – The Company recognizes revenues and the related costs when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery and acceptance has occurred or service has been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Revenue from licensing our technology is recognized over the term of the license agreement. Costs and expenses are recognized during the period in which they are incurred. |
Other Current Assets [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Other Current Assets - Other current assets are comprised of other receivables, which do not bear interest and are recorded at cost. The Company extends credit to its consultants, which receivables can be offset against commissions payable to the respective consultants. |
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The allowance for doubtful accounts represents the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing other receivables. The Company determines the allowance based on specific customer information, historical write-off experience and current industry and economic data. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when the Company believes it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. Management believes that there are no concentrations of credit risk for which an allowance has not been established. Although management believes that the allowance is adequate, it is possible that the estimated amount of cash collections with respect to accounts receivable could change. As of July 31, 2014 and April 30, 2014, the Company has recorded an allowance for doubtful account of $14,761 and $14,041, respectively. |
Research and Development [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Research and Development - All research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred. |
Earnings (Loss) Per Share [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Earnings (Loss) Per Share - The Company follows ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, and ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, which establish standards for the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for basic and diluted earnings per share for entities with publicly held common shares and potential common stock issuances. Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. In computing diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of shares outstanding is adjusted to reflect the effect of potentially dilutive securities, such as stock options and warrants. Common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation if their effect is antidilutive. Common stock equivalents, which include stock options and warrants to purchase common stock, on July 31, 2014 and April 30, 2014 that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would be antidilutive were 154,985,129. |
Income Taxes [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Income Taxes - The Company accounts for its income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes , which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. |
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For acquired properties that do not constitute a business as defined in ASC 805-10-55-4, Definition of a Business , deferred income tax liability is recorded on GAAP basis over income tax basis using statutory federal and state rates. The resulting estimated future federal and state income tax liability associated with the temporary difference between the acquisition consideration and the tax basis is computed in accordance with ASC 740-10-25-51, Acquired Temporary Differences in Certain Purchase Transactions that are Not Accounted for as Business Combinations , and is reflected as an increase to the total purchase price which is then applied to the underlying acquired assets in the absence of there being a goodwill component associated with the acquisition transactions. |
Stock-Based Compensation [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Stock-Based Compensation – The Company accounts for share based payments in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation , which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements based on the grant date fair value of the award. In accordance with ASC 718-10-30-9, Measurement Objective – Fair Value at Grant Date , the Company estimates the fair value of the award using a valuation technique. For this purpose, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company believes this model provides the best estimate of fair value due to its ability to incorporate inputs that change over time, such as volatility and interest rates, and to allow for actual exercise behavior of option holders. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period which is generally equal to the vesting period. Upon exercise, shares issued will be newly issued shares from authorized common stock. |
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ASC 505, "Compensation-Stock Compensation", establishes standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments to non-employees for goods or services. Under this transition method, stock compensation expense includes compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted on or after January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 505. |
Recent Accounting Standard [Policy Text Block] | ' |
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Recent Accounting Standards – From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards did not or will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows upon adoption. |
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In June 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-10, Development Stage Entities (Topic 915) Elimination of Certain Financial Reporting Requirements, Including an Amendment to Variable Interest Entities Guidance in Topic 810, Consolidation. This ASU does the following, among other things: a) eliminates the requirement to present inception-to-date information on the statements of income, cash flows, and shareholders’ equity, b) eliminates the need to label the financial statements as those of a development stage entity, c) eliminates the need to disclose a description of the development stage activities in which the entity is engaged, and d) amends FASB ASC 275, Risks and Uncertainties, to clarify that information on risks and uncertainties for entities that have not commenced planned principal operations is required. The amendments in ASU No. 2014-10 are effective for public companies for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has elected early adoption of the new standard applied retrospectively. Adoption of the new guidance had no impact on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |