Financial Instruments | Note 3. Financial Instruments: Fair Value Hierarchy The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, financial instruments, including long-term investments accounted for under ASC 820 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As required by ASC 820, assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis December 31, 2015 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial instruments owned, at fair value: Financial instruments held for trading activities at broker-dealer subsidiary: Marketable and non-public equity securities $ 13,221 $ 5,586 $ — $ 7,635 Convertible and fixed income debt instruments 815 — 815 — 14,036 5,586 815 7,635 Financial instruments held for investment activities: Designated as trading: Marketable and non-public equity securities 13,849 5,415 — 8,434 Warrants 436 — — 436 14,285 5,415 — 8,870 Total 28,321 $ 11,001 $ 815 $ 16,505 Investment funds valued at net asset value (1) 66,602 Total financial instruments owned, at fair value $ 94,923 Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: Marketable and non-public equity securities $ 1,933 $ 1,933 $ — $ — Convertible and fixed income debt instruments 1 — 1 — Total $ 1,934 $ 1,933 $ 1 $ — (1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2015, financial assets measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis and classified within Level 3 were $16,505 or 1.8% of the Company’s total assets at that date. Regarding these Level 3 financial assets, in determining fair value, the Company analyzes various financial, performance and market factors to estimate the value, including where applicable, over-the-counter market trading activity. The following table provides the valuation technique and unobservable inputs primarily used in assessing the value of these securities as of December 31, 2015: Valuation Technique Fair Value Unobservable Input Range Weighted Average Market approach—assets $ 16,069 Over-the-counter trading activity $0 - $14.10/share $11.13 Black-Scholes—assets $ 436 Volatility 30% 30% Dividend Yield 0% 0% Interest Rate 1.9% 1.9% For those non-public equity securities valued using a market approach, adverse industry market conditions or events experienced by the underlying entities could result in lower over-the-counter trading prices for the securities. Such lower trading prices would result in a decline in the estimated fair value of these assets. For warrants valued using Black-Scholes, adverse industry market conditions or events experienced by the issuer could result in a lower trading price for the underlying equity security and therefore a lower value of these warrants. A reduction in the estimated volatility would also result in a lower value of the warrants. The Company assessed the reasonableness of the fair values of the non-public equity securities noted above based on its consideration of available financial data related to these issuers as well as an assessment of the nature of any over-the-counter trading activity during the period. The Company assessed the reasonableness of the fair value of the non-exchange traded warrants valued using a Black-Scholes valuation based on its consideration of the fair values of comparable exchange-traded options. December 31, 2014 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial instruments owned, at fair value: Financial instruments held for trading activities at broker-dealer subsidiary: Marketable and non-public equity securities $ 14,832 $ 14,758 $ — $ 74 Listed options 2 2 — — Convertible and fixed income debt instruments 42,864 — 42,864 — 57,698 14,760 42,864 74 Financial instruments held for investment activities: Designated as trading: Marketable and non-public equity securities 2,325 175 — 2,150 Warrants 964 — — 964 Designated as available-for-sale: Marketable equity securities 172 172 — — 3,461 347 — 3,114 Total 61,159 $ 15,107 $ 42,864 $ 3,188 Investment funds valued at net asset value (1) 104,888 Total financial instruments owned, at fair value $ 166,047 Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: U.S. Treasury securities $ 84,950 $ 84,950 $ — $ — Marketable and non-public equity securities 34,043 34,043 — — Convertible and fixed income debt instruments 2,317 — 2,317 — Total $ 121,310 $ 118,993 $ 2,317 $ — (1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2014, financial assets measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis and classified within Level 3 were $3,188 or 0.3% of the Company’s total assets at that date. Regarding these Level 3 financial assets, in determining fair value, the Company analyzes various financial, performance and market factors to estimate the value, including where applicable, over-the-counter market trading activity. The following table provides the valuation technique and unobservable inputs primarily used in assessing the value of these securities as of December 31, 2014: Valuation Technique Fair Value Unobservable Input Range Weighted Average Market approach—assets $ 2,224 Over-the-counter trading activity $ 0 - $34.00/share $11.56 Black-Scholes—assets $ 964 Volatility 30% 30% Dividend Yield 0% 0% Interest Rate 2.1% 2.1% For those non-public equity securities valued using a market approach, adverse industry market conditions or events experienced by the underlying entities could result in lower over-the-counter trading prices for the securities. Such lower trading prices would result in a decline in the estimated fair value of these assets. An increase in the trading prices of trading securities sold but not yet purchased would result in an increase in the estimated fair value of these liabilities. For warrants valued using Black-Scholes, adverse industry market conditions or events experienced by the issuer could result in a lower trading price for the underlying equity security and therefore a lower value of these warrants. A reduction in the estimated volatility would also result in a lower value of the warrants. The Company assessed the reasonableness of the fair values of the non-public equity securities noted above based on its consideration of available financial data related to these issuers as well as an assessment of the nature of any over-the-counter trading activity during the period. The Company assessed the reasonableness of the fair value of the non-exchange traded warrants valued using a Black-Scholes valuation based on its consideration of the fair values of comparable exchange-traded options. Level 3 Gains and Losses The tables below set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have any net unrealized gains (losses) included in accumulated other comprehensive income on Level 3 financial assets: Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Trading Securities Trading Securities Financial Instruments Beginning balance, January 1, $ 3,188 $ 11,535 $ (1,499 ) Total net losses (realized/unrealized) included in earnings (332 ) (254 ) (122 ) Purchases 75,173 124,223 6,043 Sales/distributions (61,495 ) (126,067 ) (4,422 ) Transfers out of Level 3 (29 ) (6,249 ) — Ending balance, December 31, $ 16,505 $ 3,188 $ — The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date $ (631 ) $ 266 $ — During the year ended December 31, 2015, there was one transfer out of Level 3 and into Level 1 for an equity security that was previously a non-public equity security and during the applicable period became publicly traded. During the year ended 2014, two transfers were made out of Level 3 and into Level 1 for equity securities that were previously non-public equity securities and during the applicable period became publicly traded. Gains and losses from Level 3 financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, that are included in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, are reported in the following line descriptions on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Total gains and losses included in earnings for the period: Institutional brokerage $ 422 $ 38 $ 1,722 Net investment (loss) income (754 ) (415 ) 2,648 Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the end of the respective period: Institutional brokerage 123 (38 ) 438 Net investment (loss) income (754 ) 304 2,551 Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis The Company also measures certain financial assets and liabilities and other assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis including items such as cost method investments, intangibles, fixed assets and estimated contingent consideration payable. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets and liabilities usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or impairments of individual assets. Adjustments to the fair value of contingent consideration payable would result from differences between the underlying forecasted securities lending results and actual results. Due to the nature of these assets, unobservable inputs are used to value these assets and liabilities. In determining the fair value, the Company analyzes various financial, performance, and market factors to estimate the fair value, including where applicable, market activity. As a result, these assets and liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. During the year ended December 31, 2015, except for changes in contingent consideration payable, discussed below, and the recognition of a $461 other-than-temporary impairment loss on a cost method investment, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which there was a change in carrying value. During the year ended December 31, 2015 the Company made payments of $2,166 related to its contingent consideration obligation. Additionally, as a result of changes in forecasted securities lending results, the Company reduced the carrying value of this liability by $637 during 2015 and as of December 31, 2015 the contingent consideration payable was valued at $1,267. This reduction in value is included in dividends and other income in the consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2014, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which there was a change in carrying value. During the year ended December 31, 2013, other than the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $545 related to a marketable equity security, there were no assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which there was a change in carrying value. Financial Instruments Held for Investment—Designated as Trading As of December 31, 2015, and during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had certain investments in marketable equity securities held by other than its broker-dealer subsidiaries that were classified as trading securities. In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had short positions in U.S. Treasury securities held by other than its broker-dealer subsidiaries that were classified as trading securities. These investments are designated as trading based on the Company’s intent at the time of designation. In accordance with ASC 320, these securities are carried at fair value with resulting realized and unrealized gains and losses reflected as net investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, pursuant to ASC 825, from time-to-time the Company may elect to account for non-public equity securities acquired by other than the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries as part of its trading portfolio at fair value with resulting realized and unrealized gains and losses reflected as net investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. During 2015, the Company elected to account for two non-public equity securities, purchased at a cost of $6,510, at fair value. During 2014, the Company elected to account for two non-public equity securities, purchased at a cost of $6,148, at fair value. Net gains and losses on such trading securities as of the dates indicated were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Net (loss) gains recognized on trading securities $ (1,442 ) $ 3,630 $ 1,213 Less: Net loss (gains) recognized on trading securities sold during the period 933 (3,732 ) (261 ) Unrealized (losses) gains recognized on trading securities still held at the reporting date $ (509 ) $ (102 ) $ 952 As part of the Company’s investing activities, during 2015 the Company entered into two short sales, totaling $200,000 face value, of 4.625% U.S. Treasury securities maturing in November 2016. These two short sales were settled in the third quarter of 2015. During 2014, the Company entered into one short-sale of a $75,000 face value 7.25% U.S. Treasury security and two short-sales of $100,000 face value each, 4.50% U.S. Treasury securities with maturity dates of May 2016, November 2015 and February 2016, respectively. The Company closed the two $100,000 face value positions during the fourth quarter of 2014 and closed the $75,000 face value position in the fourth quarter of 2015. The $75,000 face value position was open at December 31, 2014 and is included in financial instruments sold, not yet purchased on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized realized and unrealized gains of $9,954 and $10,451, respectively, related to these short sales. Proceeds from open short-sales, as well as related margin requirements, were held in a collateral account and were included in due from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Such amounts were not available for withdrawal and were subject to closure of the open short positions. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company incurred $11,160 and $11,678, respectively, of interest expense related to these transactions. Fair Value of the Investments Valued at NAV As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company has $66,602 and $104,888, respectively, of investments that are valued at NAV. The following table presents information about the Company’s investments in hedge funds and private equity funds measured at fair value based on NAV at December 31, 2015 and 2014: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Fair Value Unfunded Commitment Fair Value Unfunded Commitment Hedge funds: Fixed income/credit-related $ 38,972 $ — $ 57,532 $ — Multi-strategy 18,930 — 37,890 — Private equity funds 8,700 212 9,466 2,586 Total $ 66,602 $ 212 $ 104,888 $ 2,586 The investments in non-registered investment funds are valued at NAV as determined by the fund administrators. The underlying fund investments consist primarily of corporate and asset-backed fixed income securities. Considering the general lack of transparency necessary to conduct an independent assessment of the fair value of the securities underlying each of the NAVs provided by the fund administrators, our reporting process includes a number of assessment processes to assist the Company in the evaluation of the information provided by fund managers and fund administrators. These assessment processes include, but are not limited to regular review and discussion of each fund’s performance with its manager and regular evaluation of performance against applicable benchmarks. Investments in hedge funds may be subject to lock-up restrictions or gates. A hedge fund lockup provision is a provision that provides that an investor may not make a withdrawal from the fund or may be subject to withdrawal fees. The purpose of a gate is to restrict the level of redemptions that an investor in a particular hedge fund can demand at any redemption date. All of the Company’s hedge fund investments have the ability to impose redemption gates. As of December 31, 2015, 54% of the fair value of the Company’s fund investments, or $31,452 of the hedge funds, was redeemable on either a monthly or quarterly basis with notice periods of 60 days or less, 46% of the fair value, or $26,450 of the hedge funds, was redeemable on a quarterly basis with notice periods of between 90 days and 180 days. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has initiated redemptions for approximately $28,000 of the fair value of the hedge funds. The Company’s fixed income and credit-related hedge fund investments include funds that primarily employ long-short or relative value strategies in order to benefit from investments in undervalued or overvalued securities that are primarily debt or credit related. The Company’s multi-strategy fund investments include funds that pursue a variety of fixed income, credit and asset-backed strategies to realize short and long term gains. Management of these hedge funds has the ability to overweight or underweight different strategies to best capitalize on current investment opportunities. The Company’s private equity fund investments include funds that pursue multiple strategies including direct lending, asset securitization and real estate development. These investments by the Company are generally not redeemable with the funds. The nature of these fund investments is that distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the fund. At December 31, 2015 it was estimated that these funds will be liquidated in the next three years. Financial Instruments Held for Investment—Designated as Available-for-Sale As of December 31, 2014, the Company had certain investments in marketable equity securities held by other than the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary that were classified as available-for-sale securities. These investments were designated as available-for-sale due to the Company’s intent at the time of designation to hold these securities for investment purposes over an extended period, however, they were available to be sold should economic conditions warrant such a transaction. In accordance with ASC 320, these securities were carried at fair value with resulting unrealized gains and losses reflected as other comprehensive income or loss. Gross unrealized gains and losses on these securities as of December 31, 2014 were as follows: December 31, 2014 Unrealized Cost Basis Gains Losses Fair Value Marketable equity securities $ 100 $ 72 $ — $ 172 The following provides detail of the amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified to earnings during the specified periods: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Beginning balance $ 44 $ 34 $ (1,094 ) Net unrealized investment gains (losses) during the period: Unrealized holding gains (losses), net of taxes — 10 619 Reclassification adjustment for recognized losses included in net income, net of taxes (44 ) — 509 Ending balance $ — $ 44 $ 34 The Company evaluates its portfolio of marketable equity securities for impairment as of each reporting date. For the securities with unrealized losses, the Company will review the underlying cause for the impairments, as well as the severity and duration of the impairments. If the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary, the Company will recognize an other-than-temporary impairment loss in its consolidated statements of operations. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded other-than-temporary impairment losses of $-0-, $-0- and $545, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations relating to marketable equity securities. The Company did not hold any marketable equity securities that were in unrealized loss positions as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recognized a $545 other-than-temporary impairment loss related to a company in the financial services industry. The Company recognized this impairment loss as a result of a change in its intent to hold this investment for a period of time sufficient for a forecasted recovery of its fair value. In this case the change in intent was a result of changes in market conditions during 2013 specific to this investment. The carrying value of this investment subsequent to the impairment was $4,257. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company received $191 from the sale of a marketable equity security designated as available-for-sale resulting in a gross gain of $91. There were no sales of marketable equity securities designated as available-for-sale during the year ended December 31, 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company received $25,431 from sales of marketable equity securities designated as available-for-sale resulting in gross gains of $698 and gross losses of $32. Other Comprehensive Income The following tables set forth the changes in the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the periods indicated. Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Accumulated other comprehensive income, Beginning balance $ 44 $ 34 Other comprehensive income before reclassifications — 10 Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income (44 ) — Accumulated other comprehensive income, at period end $ — $ 44 Other Investments, at Cost Other investments consist of non-public equity securities of $6,539 and $7,000 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company evaluates its investments, carried at cost, for impairment as of each reporting date. This evaluation includes consideration of the operating performance of the respective underlying companies, any over-the-counter trading activity, their financial condition and their near-term and long-term prospects. Based on its evaluations of these investments, the Company recorded a $461 impairment loss during the year ended December 31, 2015. The Company recorded no impairment losses during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. There were no sales of, or distributions from, non-public equity securities during 2015. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company received proceeds of $1,428 from the sale of a non-public equity security resulting in a gross gain of $1,176, and the Company received $5,000 reflecting the full repayment at its maturity of a corporate debt investment. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2014, a non-public equity security carried at cost with a basis of $428 became publicly traded during the period. The Company designated this security as trading at the time it became publicly traded. There were no sales of, or distributions from, non-public equity securities during 2013. The Company received $317 from the maturity of a note receivable that was carried at cost during 2013. In addition, during 2013 a non-public equity security carried at cost with a basis of $2,390 became publicly traded. The Company designated this security as trading at the time it became publicly traded. |