GREAT LAKES DREDGE & DOCK CORPORATION > INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONS INFO@GLDD.COM | GLDD.COM Positive growth is expected over the next five years, primarily driven by the private sector Aging U.S. Infrastructure Expansion of Energy Infrastructure Government Regulations Increased Environmental Focus • Decades of minimal capital expenditure in the industrial, oil & gas, utility, and public sectors • Average U.S. oil refinery was sited and constructed over fifty years ago • Average age of the U.S. coal fleet is 43 years, with more than half the plants built before 1967 • American Society of Civil Engineers estimates investment needed by 2020 in U.S. infrastructure is $3.6 Trillion • Discovery of shale gas and fracking technology have resulted in increased infrastructure spend and expected to lead to need for site cleanups and waste disposal, as well as site remediation and redevelopment • Expansion and improvement of midstream assets and refining capacity is expected: natural gas, natural gas liquids (NGL), and oil transmission infrastructure spend is estimated to be more than $250 billion over the next 25 years • New / specialized waste streams and treatment driving need for increased environmental regulation • Both federal and state governments have increased oversight of environmental practices, tightened mandates, and increased legislation • EPA mandates to lower greenhouse gas emissions and improve efficiency of big power plants are expected to increase • Sustainability is increasingly viewed as a source of revenue and business growth • Consumers demanding greener technologies, products and services • Random and unfortunate events (e.g. BP oil spill) require environmental remediation and clean-up, Hurricane Sandy clean-up is continuing • Superfund sites in the Northeast due to reduced land inventory are now obtaining funding for environmental clean-up and remediation to develop brownfields 05 DEMAND DRIVERS 29 | 
