Debt | Debt The following table provides a summary of the carrying values for the components of debt as reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheets: June 30, December 31, PPP Note $ 421,415 $ — Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes 4,068,176 — EB-5 Loan Agreement borrowings 1,597,511 1,072,123 Total carrying value of debt, net $ 6,087,102 $ 1,072,123 PPP Note On April 30, 2020, the Company was granted a loan from Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB"), in the aggregate amount of $0.4 million, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the “CARES Act”). On June 5, 2020, the PPP Flexibility Act of 2020 (the "PPPFA") was signed into law amending the original terms of the PPP. Among other things, the PPPFA extends the deferral period for monthly principal and interest payments from six months to the time when the Small Business Administration (the "SBA") compensates the lender for amounts forgiven as well as extending the covered period for qualifying expenses from eight weeks to the earlier of 24 weeks or December 31, 2020. Certain amounts of the loan may be forgiven if they are used for qualifying expenses as described by the CARES Act. The loan was in the form of a promissory note dated April 30, 2020 in favor of SVB (the "PPP Note"). The PPP Note matures on April 30, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 1.0% per annum. Principal and interest payments are payable monthly commencing on the date the SBA compensates SVB for forgiven amounts or within 10 months following the expiration of the covered period if the Company has not applied for forgiveness. The Company did not provide any collateral or guarantees for the loan, nor did the Company pay any facility charge to obtain the loan. The PPP Note provides for customary events of default, including, among others, failure to make payment, bankruptcy, breaches of representations and material adverse events. At June 30, 2020, the carrying value of the PPP Loan was $0.4 million. Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes On April 22, 2020, in connection with the Warrant Exchange as defined in Note 12, the Company issued to Investors certain promissory notes (the "Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes") with an aggregate principal amount of $5.6 million. The Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes have a maturity date of April 21, 2021 and do not bear interest. The Company may prepay the Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes in whole or in part at any time without penalty or premium. In the event that the Company consummates a financing transaction that generates cash to the Company, the Company is required to use 20% of the net proceeds of such transaction to prepay a portion of the outstanding amount under each Warrant Exchange Promissory Note if the transaction occurs on or prior to August 22, 2020, and 30% of the net proceeds to prepay a portion of the outstanding amount under each Warrant Exchange Promissory Note if that transaction occurs after August 22, 2020. On April 22, 2020, the Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes were recorded at a fair value of $5.0 million. The difference of $0.6 million between the fair value and the aggregate principal amount of $5.6 million was recorded as a debt discount to be accreted to interest expense over the life of the Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes. The accretion amounted to $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. The Company is required to use 20% of the net proceeds of the ATMs discussed in Note 8 to redeem the outstanding amount under the Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company made payments to the Warrant Exchange Promissory Note holders of $1.1 million. On July 1, 2020, the Company made additional payments of $1.9 million, further reducing the principal amount outstanding. The carrying values of the Warrant Exchange Promissory Notes at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized below: June 30, December 31, Principal outstanding $ 4,485,280 $ — Less: unamortized debt discount (417,104) — Carrying value $ 4,068,176 $ — EB-5 Loan Agreement Borrowings In September 2016, pursuant to the U.S. government’s Immigrant Investor Program, commonly known as the EB-5 program (the “EB-5 Program”), the Company entered into an arrangement (the “EB-5 Loan Agreement”) to borrow up to $10.0 million from EB5 Life Sciences, L.P. (“EB-5 Life Sciences”) in $0.5 million increments. Borrowing may be limited by the amount of funds raised by the EB-5 Life Sciences and are subject to certain job creation requirements by the Company. Borrowings are at a fixed interest rate of 4.0% per annum and are to be utilized in the clinical development, manufacturing, and commercialization of the Company’s products and for the general working capital needs of the Company. Outstanding borrowings pursuant to the EB-5 Program, including accrued interest, become due upon the seventh anniversary of the final disbursement. Amounts repaid cannot be re-borrowed. The EB-5 Program borrowings are secured by substantially all assets of the Company, except for any patents, patent applications, pending patents, patent license, patent sublicense, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights. Under the terms and conditions of the EB-5 Loan Agreement, the Company borrowed $1.0 million in 2016 and an additional $0.5 million on March 26, 2020. Issuance costs were recognized as a reduction to the loan balance and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. The carrying values of the EB-5 Loan Agreement borrowings as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized below: June 30, December 31, Principal outstanding $ 1,500,000 $ 1,000,000 Plus: accrued interest 151,054 127,777 Less: unamortized debt issuance costs (53,543) (55,654) Carrying value $ 1,597,511 $ 1,072,123 Senior Secured Convertible Notes On May 21, 2019, the Company issued senior secured convertible notes to certain investors for $2.4 million at an original issue discount of $0.5 million, and on June 28, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement to issue additional senior secured convertible notes to the investors for $2.9 million with an original issue discount of $0.4 million (together the "Senior Secured Convertible Notes"). The amounts borrowed under the June 28, 2019 agreement were received subsequent to June 30, 2019, and were therefore recognized in July 2019. Immediately prior to the Merger completed on September 27, 2019, the Investors offset $5.3 million from the amount to be received under the Pre-Merger Financing and the Senior Secured Convertible Notes were deemed to have been repaid and cancelled. The accretion of the original issue discount to interest expense amounted to $0.2 million during three and six months ended June 30, 2019. Convertible Promissory Note On April 4, 2019, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the "Convertible Promissory Note") to an existing stockholder for $0.9 million at an interest rate of 5% per annum. On May 16, 2019, the Convertible Promissory Note was converted into equity. OpCo issued 0.1 million shares of common stock at the conversion date to extinguish the debt at $12.41 per share. This non-cash transaction resulted in an increase of $0.9 million in additional paid-in capital, which was based on the principal balance outstanding and the unpaid interest upon conversion. Convertible Notes During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company issued convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes”) to new and existing stockholders in the Company, including Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3.5 million to members of the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2019, all Notes had been converted and were no longer outstanding. At issuance, the following amounts were recorded: Convertible Note Issuance Date Convertible Note Fair Value of Embedded Derivatives Debt Carrying January 2018 $ 5,000,000 $ (2,657,711) $ (35,969) $ 2,306,320 June 2018 1,000,000 (724,216) (3,000) 272,784 November 2018 1,150,400 (21,127) (50,646) 1,078,627 December 2018 150,000 (2,857) (14,310) 132,833 January 2019 450,000 (182,882) (29,358) 237,760 February 2019 1,000,000 (302,379) (55,875) 641,746 Total $ 8,750,400 $ (3,891,172) $ (189,158) $ 4,670,070 All Convertible Notes accrued interest at a rate of 5% per annum and had scheduled maturity dates on the eighteen If the Company received equity financing from the issuance of stock of the Company from an investor or group of investors in a transaction or series of related transactions above a certain amount of gross proceeds, the principal amount and all interest accrued but not paid through the closing date of the qualified equity financing was to automatically convert into the same class of equity securities as those issued in the qualified equity financing ("Conversion Feature"). The price per share varied among the Convertible Notes ranging from a 0% to 30% discount to the lowest price per share being paid by investors in the qualified equity financing. The Company bifurcated the Conversion Feature for the January 2018, June 2018, January 2019, and February 2019 Convertible Notes and classified it as a derivative liability because the conversion feature did not have a fixed conversion price and conversion would be settled in a variable number of shares of common stock. There was no bifurcated conversion feature for the November 2018 and December 2018 Convertible Notes as there is no discount to the lowest equity price triggering conversion. The Company also bifurcated the Change in Control Feature for all of the Convertible Notes because it was determined to be a redemption feature not clearly and closely related to the debt host. The fair value of both of the embedded features was accounted for as a derivative liability and was recorded as a discount on the Convertible Notes. Inputs used in valuation were unobservable and therefore considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The debt discount was accreted into interest expense over the expected time until conversion of the Convertible Notes. The accretion amounted to $36,827 and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. There was no accretion during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 as all Convertible Notes had been converted and were no longer outstanding as of December 31, 2019. The fair value of the embedded features was classified as a liability in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at issuance, with subsequent changes in fair value recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as a change in fair value of derivative liabilities. As a result of the April 2019 Subscription Agreement as described and defined within Note 8, the triggers for conversion were met on the Convertible Notes. On April 5, 2019, the Convertible Notes were modified to change the discount percentage from the 0% discount per the terms of the November 2018 and December 2018 Convertible Notes and the 15% discount per the terms of the January 2019 and February 2019 Convertible Notes to 30% at the time of conversion. The Company issued 1.1 million shares of common stock at $8.69 per share on the date of conversion to extinguish the debt, which resulted in a loss of $0.3 million. This non-cash conversion also resulted in an increase of $13.0 million in additional paid-in capital, which was based on the principal balance outstanding and the unpaid interest upon conversion. Principal Maturities Debt maturities (excluding interest) are summarized below: Twelve months ending June 30, 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total Principal Maturities $ 4,485,280 $ 421,415 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,500,000 $ 6,406,695 |