DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Operations Aerohive Networks, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on March 15, 2006, and, together with its subsidiaries (the "Company"), has designed and developed a leading cloud and enterprise Wi-Fi solution that enables the Company's customers to use the power of the Wi-Fi, cloud, analytics and applications to transform how they serve their customers. The Company's products include Wi-Fi access points, access switches and SD-WAN-capable routers required to build an edge-access network; a cloud-based services platform for centralized management; data collection and analytics; and applications that leverage the network to provide additional capabilities to the business and IT organizations. Together, these products, service platforms and applications create a simple, scalable, and secure solution to deliver a better-connected experience. The Company has offices in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific and employs staff around the world. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The Company prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), which include the accounts of Aerohive Networks, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company has eliminated all intercompany accounts and transactions in consolidation. Use of Estimates When preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts the Company reports in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Those estimates and assumptions include, among others, the determination of a standalone selling price (SSP) of the product, software and related support and subscriptions, determination of fair value of stock-based awards, inventory valuation, accounting for income taxes, including the valuation reserve on deferred tax assets and uncertain tax positions, allowance for sales reserves, allowance for rebate reserves, allowance for doubtful accounts, and warranty costs. Management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As the Company cannot determine future events and their effects with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, and those differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements. Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. The Company remeasures the transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency at the average exchange rate in effect during the period. At the end of each reporting period, the Company remeasures its subsidiaries’ monetary assets and liabilities to the U.S. dollar using exchange rates in effect at the end of the reporting period. The Company remeasures its non-monetary assets and liabilities at historical exchange rates. The Company records gains and losses related to remeasurement in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Foreign currency exchange losses have not been significant in any period presented and the Company has not undertaken any hedging transactions related to foreign currency exposure. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from contracts with customers (Topic 606), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and most industry-specific guidance. This standard requires entities to recognize revenue when they transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 deferring the effective date of this standard by one year to December 15, 2017. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606, using the full retrospective method, which required the Company to restate its historical financial information to be consistent with the standard. The most significant impact of the standard related to the way the Company accounts for arrangements with its stocking distributors. The Company previously deferred the recognition of revenue and the cost of revenue from sales to these stocking distributors until the stocking distributors had sold the products to their customers (known as “sell-through” revenue recognition). Under the new standard, the Company recognizes all revenue and related cost of revenue on sales to stocking distributors upon shipment and transfer of control (known as “sell-in” revenue recognition), rather than deferring recognition until the stocking distributors report that they have sold the products to their customers, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company also attributes the impact to its revenue and deferred revenue balance to the removal of the limitation on contingent revenue, which accelerates revenue recognition for certain contracts. Further, the adoption of this standard also resulted in differences in the timing of recognition of contract costs, such as sales commissions. The Company has finalized the adoption of the standard and product revenue was $113.1 million and $134.6 million for fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and subscription and support revenue was $40.4 million and $33.3 million for fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The adoption of the standard resulted in a decrease in total deferred revenue of $3.3 million as of December 31, 2017, driven by the Company's recognition in the period of revenue related to stocking distributors upon shipment and also the removal of the limitation on contingent revenue accelerating revenue recognition for certain contracts. The adoption of the standard resulted in a decrease of $0.3 million in capitalized contract costs as of December 31, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the revenue or the related costs and sales commission for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. In addition, the adoption of the standard had no significant impact on the provision for income taxes and the net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing, or financing activities on the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows. ASC 606 Adoption Impact to Previously Reported Results The following tables present the impacts to reported results from the Company's adoption of the standard on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of operations. Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands) As of December 31, 2017 As Reported Impact of Adoption As Adjusted Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 6,513 $ (117 ) $ 6,396 Total current assets 122,594 (117 ) 122,477 Other assets 5,124 (224 ) 4,900 Total assets 134,612 (341 ) 134,271 Deferred revenue, current 34,281 (1,002 ) 33,279 Total current liabilities 54,829 (1,002 ) 53,827 Deferred revenue, non-current 36,083 (2,322 ) 33,761 Total liabilities 112,681 (3,324 ) 109,357 Accumulated deficit (250,406 ) 2,983 (247,423 ) Total stockholders' equity 21,931 2,983 24,914 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 134,612 $ (341 ) $ 134,271 Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands, except per share amounts) Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 As Reported Impact of Adoption As Adjusted Product revenue $ 32,046 $ 59 $ 32,105 Subscription and support 10,254 (158 ) 10,096 Total Revenue 42,300 (99 ) 42,201 Cost of revenue - Product 10,616 (146 ) 10,470 Total cost of revenue 13,769 (146 ) 13,623 Gross profit 28,531 47 28,578 Sales and marketing 17,420 (9 ) 17,411 Total operating expenses 32,131 (9 ) 32,122 Operating loss (3,600 ) 56 (3,544 ) Net loss $ (3,873 ) $ 56 $ (3,817 ) Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (0.07 ) $ — $ (0.07 ) Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 As Reported Impact of Adoption As Adjusted Product revenue $ 58,916 156 59,072 Subscription and support 19,735 (277 ) 19,458 Total Revenue 78,651 (121 ) 78,530 Cost of revenue - Product 19,352 (67 ) 19,285 Total cost of revenue 25,681 (67 ) 25,614 Gross profit 52,970 (54 ) 52,916 Sales and marketing 34,859 (11 ) 34,848 Total operating expenses 65,417 (11 ) 65,406 Operating loss (12,447 ) (43 ) (12,490 ) Net loss $ (12,892 ) $ (43 ) $ (12,935 ) Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (0.24 ) $ — $ (0.24 ) Effect on certain items in the Statement of Cash Flows (operating activities, in thousands) Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 As Reported Impact of Adoption As Adjusted Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss: $ (12,892 ) $ (43 ) $ (12,935 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: Prepaid expenses and other current assets (839 ) (128 ) (967 ) Other assets (275 ) 50 (225 ) Deferred revenue 2,007 121 2,128 Revenues by geographic location, based on the billing address of the respective channel partner’s bill-to location, which reflect the adoption of ASC 606, are as follows: (in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 As Reported Impact of Adoption As Adjusted Americas $ 29,141 $ 240 $ 29,381 Europe, Middle East and Africa 10,397 295 10,692 Asia Pacific 2,762 (634 ) 2,128 Total revenues $ 42,300 $ (99 ) $ 42,201 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 As Reported Impact of Adoption As Adjusted Americas $ 53,059 $ 218 $ 53,277 Europe, Middle East and Africa 20,230 295 20,525 Asia Pacific 5,362 (634 ) 4,728 Total revenues $ 78,651 $ (121 ) $ 78,530 Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue as of the time of transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to from those goods or services. As shown on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, the Company derives revenue from two sources: (i) product, which includes hardware and software revenue, and (ii) subscription and support, which includes post-contract customer support (PCS) and software delivered as a service (SaaS). Beginning with its first quarter, fiscal year 2018, the Company follows the following five-step approach in recognizing revenue: • Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer - A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance, and (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which the Company bases on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. • Identification of the performance obligations in the contract - The Company identifies performance obligations promised in a contract based on the goods or services that the Company will transfer to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the goods or services either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company applies judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. • Determination of the transaction price - The Company determines the transaction price based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. • Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract - If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the Company allocates the entire transaction price to the single performance obligation. The Company allocates the transaction price of contracts that contain multiple performance obligations to each performance obligation based on a relative SSP. The Company determines SSP based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the Company cannot observe SSP through past transactions, the Company estimates SSP by taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. • Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation - The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. The Company recognizes revenue at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. Revenue Recognition The Company’s product revenue consists of sales to distributors, and value-added resellers, or VARs and an OEM partner. The Company considers purchase orders such distributors, VARs and OEM partner issue to the Company, which are in some cases governed by master sales agreements, to be the Company's contracts with such customers, as such documents provide enforceable rights and obligations between the Company and distributor, VAR or OEM partner. As part of its consideration of the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors, including the customer’s ability to pay (or credit risk). For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer goods or services to be the identified performance obligation. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the product or service is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the performance obligation is satisfied). Further, in determining whether control has transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership has transferred to the customer. The Company makes sales of products to most distributors under terms allowing certain price adjustments and limited rights of return (known as “stock rotation”) of the Company’s products held in their inventory. The Company recognizes revenue from sales to distributors upon the transfer of control of the product to the distributor. Frequently, distributors need to sell product at a discounted price lower than the standard distribution price in order to win business. After the Company verifies that the distributor had obtained the Company's pre-approval for the discount claim, the Company may issue a credit memo to the distributor representing a rebate of the amount of the discount. In determining the transaction price, the Company considers these price adjustments to be variable consideration. The Company estimates such price adjustments using the expected-value method based on an analysis of actual credit claims at the distributor level, over a period of time the Company considers adequate to account for current pricing and business trends. Historically, actual price adjustments relative to those the Company estimates and includes when determining the transaction price have not materially differed. Stock rotation rights provide distributor with the ability to return certain specified amounts of inventory. Stock rotation adjustments are an additional form of variable consideration which the Company also estimates using the expected-value method based on historical return rates. Historically, distributor stock rotation adjustments have not been material. The Company makes sales to certain distributors, VARs and its OEM partner under terms that do not include rights of return or price concessions after the product is shipped. Accordingly, upon application of steps one through five above, the Company recognizes product revenue upon shipment and transfer of control. The Company generally provides a limited lifetime warranty that its products will substantially conform to the published specifications. The Company limits its liability to either a credit equal to the purchase price or replacement of the defective part. The Company does not consider activities related to such warranty a separate performance obligation. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 90 days. In instances where the timing of the Company's revenue recognition differs from the timing of its invoicing, the Company has determined that its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of the Company's invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the Company's products and services, not for the Company's customers to provide financing or for the Company to provide customers with financing. The Company records accounts receivable at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company recognizes a receivable in the period the Company delivers goods or provide services or when the Company's right to consideration is unconditional. Significant Judgments The Company's contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. The Company may exercise significant judgment when determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together. The Company may also exercise judgment to determine whether the software license is considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with the hardware and recognized upon transfer of control. The Company may further require judgment to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company determines SSP for the purposes of allocating the arrangement, primarily based on historical transaction pricing. The Company segregates historical transactions based on its pricing model and go-to-market strategy, which includes factors such as type of sales channel (VAR, OEM or distributor), the geographies in which the Company sells its products and services (domestic or international) and offering type (product series, software subscriptions and level of support for PCS). Disaggregation of Revenue Product Revenue - The Company’s product revenue consists of revenue from the sale of the Company’s hardware products, which each contain embedded HiveOS software, the Company's proprietary operating system that is not considered to be distinct in the context of the contract. Therefore, the Company considers its hardware appliances together with related embedded HiveOS software (collectively, the "hardware”) as a single performance obligation. The Company transfers these items to the customer concurrently. The Company recognizes hardware revenue upon transfer of control to its customers, which occurs upon shipment. The Company’s product revenue includes the sales of software licenses of HiveManager, a license-based unified networking management system, which consists of the purchase of a perpetual license of the HiveManager software. The Company generally recognizes revenue from its software licenses upon transfer of control to its customers. Subscription and Support Revenue - The Company’s subscription and support revenue consists of revenue from SaaS and PCS arrangements. SaaS arrangements with customers do not provide the right to take possession of the software at any time during the hosting period and have a defined contract term. PCS arrangements include software updates, access to technical support personnel, and expedited replacement of defective hardware products. Each of the promised services is distinct in the context of the contract as the services are not inputs to a combined output for which the Company provides any significant integration service, the provision of each service does not significantly modify or customize the other, and the Company could provide each service independently of the other. Though the Company has identified that each of the performance obligations is distinct, as each of the performance obligations represents a series of distinct services that has the same pattern of transfer (stand ready obligations) and the same measure of progress of transfer (days of service) the Company will account for the all series as a single performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue from SaaS and PCS arrangements on a straight-line basis over the service contract term, which is typically one, three or five years. The contract term typically commences upon transfer of control of the corresponding products to our customer. See the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the Company's product revenue and subscription and support revenue amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract The Company capitalizes certain contract acquisition costs consisting primarily of commissions paid and the related payroll taxes when customer contracts are signed. The Company capitalizes commission expenses earned by sales personnel and the related payroll taxes that are incremental to obtaining customer contracts. The Company amortizes deferred sales commission amounts based on the expected future revenue streams under the customer contracts. The Company includes amortization of deferred sales commissions in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company classifies deferred commissions as current or non-current based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the expense. The Company periodically reviews these costs for impairment. The Company records deferred revenue when it invoices the customer, collection is probable, and the associated revenue has not yet been earned. The current portion of deferred revenue represents the amounts the Company expects to be recognized as revenue within one year of the condensed consolidated balance sheet date. See Note 3, Consolidated Balance Sheet Components, for the changes in the deferred revenue and deferred commissions during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Contracted-but-not-recognized revenue The Company's contracted but not invoiced performance obligations do not include the option for its customers to cancel. The Company's revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that the Company has not yet recognized (“contracted not recognized”), which includes deferred revenue and non-cancelable amounts that the Company will invoice and recognize as revenue in future periods. Contracted-but-not-recognized revenue was $76.2 million as of June 30, 2018, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 53% over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter. Other Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , which provides guidance for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial assets and liabilities. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments, to clarify certain aspects of ASU No. 2016-01. We adopted these standards effective January 1, 2018. The Company's adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments , which provides guidance to decrease the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 in the first quarter of 2018. The Company's adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) , which supersedes the lease accounting requirements in Topic 840. This standard requires a dual approach for lessee accounting under which a lessee would account for leases as finance leases or operating leases. Both finance leases and operating leases will result in the lessee recognizing a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. For finance leases, the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, the lessee would recognize a straight-line total lease expense. The standard also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity’s leasing activities, including the Company's significant judgments and changes in judgments. This standard is effective beginning in fiscal year 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment , which removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. An impairment charge will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt this standard in 2021 when it becomes effective. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash equivalents in money market funds. The Company maintains short-term investments in U.S. treasuries, corporate securities, and commercial paper. The Company sells its products primarily to channel partners, which include value-added resellers, or VARs, distributors, managed service providers, or MSPs, and original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs. The Company’s accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers located in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations to determine customer credit, but generally does not require collateral from its customers. The Company maintains reserves for estimated credit losses and these losses have historically been within management’s expectations. The Company has entered into separate agreements with certain individual distributors that are part of a consolidated group of entities which collectively constitutes greater than 10% of the Company’s total revenue or gross accounts receivable balance for certain periods, as presented in the tables below. The percentages of revenue from a consolidated group of entities (Distributor A and Distributor B) greater than 10% of total consolidated revenue were as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 (As Adjusted) (As Adjusted) Distributor A 14.8 % 13.9 % 16.0 % 14.5 % Distributor B 39.7 % 18.1 % 37.5 % 18.7 % The percentages of receivables from Distributor A and Distributor B greater than 10% of total consolidated accounts receivable were as follows: June 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Distributor A 21.4 % 27.9 % Distributor B 22.4 % 29.4 % |