Loans Held-for-Sale, Loans and Leases, and Allowance for Credit Losses | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Receivables [Abstract] | ' |
Loans Held-for-Sale, Loans and Leases, and Allowance for Credit Losses | ' |
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Note 3. Loans Held-for-Sale, Loans and Leases, and Allowance for Credit Losses |
The Company operates as a single segment, and derives revenues from four specialized lending groups that target market segments in which it believes it has a competitive advantage: |
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| • | | Leveraged Finance, provides senior, secured cash flow loans and, to a lesser extent, second lien loans, which are primarily used to finance acquisitions of mid-sized companies by private equity investment funds managed by established professional alternative asset managers; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | Business Credit, provides senior, secured asset-based loans primarily to fund working capital needs of mid-sized companies; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | Real Estate, manages an existing portfolio of first mortgage debt which was sourced primarily to finance acquisitions of commercial real estate properties; and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | Equipment Finance, provides leases, loans and lease lines to finance equipment purchases and other capital expenditures. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company’s loan portfolio consists primarily of loans to small and medium-sized, privately-owned companies, most of which do not publicly report their financial condition. Compared to larger, publicly traded firms, loans to these types of companies may carry higher inherent risk. The companies that the Company lends to generally have more limited access to capital and higher funding costs, may be in a weaker financial position, may need more capital to expand or compete, and may be unable to obtain financing from public capital markets or from traditional sources, such as commercial banks. |
Loans classified as held-for-sale may consist of loans originated by the Company and intended to be sold or syndicated to third parties (including NewStar Arlington Fund LLC (“Arlington Fund”), a credit fund managed by the Company formed in April 2013) or impaired loans for which a sale of the loan is expected as a result of a workout strategy. At December 31, 2013 loans held-for-sale were $14.9 million and consisted of leveraged finance loans to three borrowers. |
These loans are carried at the lower of aggregate cost, net of any deferred origination costs or fees, or market value. |
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, loans held-for-sale consisted of the following: |
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| | December 31, | | | December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2013 | 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 14,897 | | | $ | 52,120 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Gross loans | | | 14,897 | | | | 52,120 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred loan fees, net | | | (66 | ) | | | (518 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total loans, net | | $ | 14,831 | | | $ | 51,602 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company sold loans with an outstanding balance totaling $32.0 million for an aggregate gain of $0.1 million to entities other than the NewStar Credit Opportunities Fund, Ltd. (“NCOF”) or the Arlington Fund during 2013. The Company sold loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $45.1 million for a gain of $0.3 million to entities other than the NCOF during 2012. The Company sold loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $31.3 million for a gain of $0.1 million to entities other than the NCOF during 2011. |
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As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, loans and leases consisted of the following: |
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| | December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2013 | | | 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 1,965,130 | | | $ | 1,422,415 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business Credit | | | 236,985 | | | | 196,952 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real Estate | | | 123,029 | | | | 177,478 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Gross loans and leases | | | 2,325,144 | | | | 1,796,845 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred loan fees, net | | | (17,064 | ) | | | (26,420 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | | | (41,403 | ) | | | (49,636 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total loans and leases, net | | $ | 2,266,677 | | | $ | 1,720,789 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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On December 27, 2013, the NCOF paid off the outstanding notes of its term debt securitizationat par. As of December 31, 2013, we had purchased $217.9 million of the $276.5 million of outstanding loans previously owned by the NCOF. |
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, Equipment Finance products totaled $38.4 million and $17.3 million, respectively, and are included in the Business Credit balances. |
The Company provides commercial loans, commercial real estate loans, and leases to customers throughout the United States. The Company’s borrowers may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and, as a result, may have a lower capacity to make scheduled payments of interest or principal on their borrowings during these periods. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the estimated value of the collateral, particularly real estate, securing some of the Company’s loans. Although the Company has a diversified loan and lease portfolio, certain events may occur, including, but not limited to, adverse economic conditions and adverse events affecting specific clients, industries or markets, that could adversely affect the ability of borrowers to make timely scheduled principal and interest payments on their loans and leases. |
The Company internally risk rates loans based on individual credit criteria on at least a quarterly basis. Borrowers provide the Company with financial information on either a quarterly or monthly basis. Loan ratings as well as identification of impaired loans are dynamically updated to reflect changes in borrower condition or profile. A loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due to it according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include all non-accrual loans, loans with partial charge-offs and loans which are troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”). |
The Company utilizes a number of analytical tools for the purpose of estimating probability of default and loss given default for its four specialized lending groups. The quantitative models employed by the Company in its Leveraged Finance and Equipment Finance businesses utilize Moody’s KMV RiskCalc credit risk model in combination with a proprietary qualitative model, which generates a rating that maps to a probability of default estimate. Real Estate utilizes a proprietary model that has been developed to capture risk characteristics unique to the lending activities in that line of business. The model produces an obligor risk rating which corresponds to a probability of default and also produces a loss given default. In each case, the probability of default and the loss given default are used to calculate an expected loss for those lending groups. Due to the nature of its borrowers and the structure of its loans, Business Credit utilizes a proprietary model that produces a rating that corresponds to an expected loss, without calculating a probability of default and loss given default. For variable interest entities for which the Company is providing transitional capital, a qualitative analysis is used to determine expected loss. In each case, the expected loss is the primary component in a formulaic calculation of general reserves attributable to a given loan. |
Loans and leases which are rated at or below a specified threshold are typically classified as “Pass”, and loans and leases rated above that threshold are typically classified as “Criticized”, a characterization that may apply to impaired loans, including TDR. As of December 31, 2013, $190.6 million of the Company’s loans were classified as “Criticized”, including $177.5 million of the Company’s impaired loans, and $2.1 billion were classified as “Pass”. As of December 31, 2012, $267.2 million of the Company’s loans were classified as “Criticized”, including $237.6 million of the Company’s impaired loans, and $1.5 billion were classified as “Pass”. All of the loans held by the Arlington Fund were classified as “Pass” as of December 31, 2013. |
When the Company rates a loan above a certain risk rating threshold, the Company will establish a specific allowance, and the loan will be analyzed and may be placed on non-accrual. If the asset deteriorates further, the specific allowance may increase, and ultimately may result in a loss and charge-off. |
A TDR that performs in accordance with the terms of the restructuring may improve its risk profile over time. While the concessions in terms of pricing or amortization may not have been reversed and further amended to “market” levels, the financial condition of the Borrower may improve over time to the point where the rating improves from the “Criticized” classification that was appropriate immediately prior to, or at, restructuring. |
As of December 31, 2013, the Company had impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $271.0 million. Impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $240.3 million have been restructured and classified as TDR. As of December 31, 2013, the aggregate carrying value of equity investments in certain of the Company’s borrowers in connection with troubled debt restructurings totaled $6.9 million. Impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $70.7 million were also on non-accrual status. For impaired loans on non-accrual status, the Company’s policy is to reverse the accrued interest previously recognized as interest income subsequent to the last cash receipt in the current year. The recognition of interest income on the loan only resumes when factors indicating doubtful collection no longer exist and the non-accrual loan has been brought current. During 2013, the Company charged off $15.8 million of outstanding non-accrual loans. During 2013, the Company placed loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $48.9 million on non-accrual status and took loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $34.8 million off of non-accrual status. During 2013, the Company recorded $11.2 million of net specific provisions for impaired loans. At December 31, 2013, the Company had a $23.3 million specific allowance for impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $154.7 million. At December 31, 2013, additional funding commitments for impaired loans totaled $17.6 million. The Company’s obligation to fulfill the additional funding commitments on impaired loans is generally contingent on the borrower’s compliance with the terms of the credit agreement and the borrowing base availability for asset-based loans, or if the borrower is not in compliance additional funding commitments may be made at the Company’s discretion. As of December 31, 2013, $5.1 million of loans on non-accrual status were greater than 60 days past due and classified as delinquent by the Company. Included in the $23.3 million specific allowance for impaired loans was $1.2 million related to delinquent loans. |
During 2012, as part of the resolution of two impaired commercial real estate loans, the Company took control of the underlying commercial real estate properties. The Company recorded a partial charge-off of $2.7 million and classified the commercial real estate properties as other real estate owned. The commercial real estate properties had an aggregate carrying value of $13.5 million as of December 31, 2013 and $13.0 million as of December 31, 2012. |
As of December 31, 2012, the Company had impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $324.4 million. Impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $263.7 million have been restructured and classified as TDR. As of December 31, 2012, the aggregate carrying value of equity investments in certain of the Company’s borrowers in connection with troubled debt restructurings totaled $7.7 million. Impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $72.7 million were also on non-accrual status. During 2012, the Company charged off $19.1 million of outstanding non-accrual loans and recovered $1.6 million of previously charged-off impaired loan outstanding balances. During 2012, the Company took previously identified non-accrual loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $16.2 million as of December 31, 2011 off non-accrual status and placed loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $22.7 million as of December 31, 2012 on non-accrual status. During 2012, the Company recorded $16.7 million of net specific provisions for impaired loans. At December 31, 2012, the Company had a $30.2 million specific allowance for impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $192.1 million. At December 31, 2012, additional funding commitments for impaired loans totaled $33.6 million. As of December 31, 2012, $62.7 million of loans on non-accrual status were greater than 60 days past due and classified as delinquent by the Company. Included in the $30.2 million specific allowance for impaired loans was $6.4 million related to delinquent loans. |
A summary of impaired loans is as follows: |
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2013 | | Investment | | | Unpaid | | | Recorded Investment with a | | | Recorded Investment | | | | | | | | | |
Principal | Related Allowance for | without a Related Allowance | | | | | | | | |
| Credit Losses | for Credit Losses | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 208,626 | | | $ | 238,522 | | | $ | 124,560 | | | $ | 84,066 | | | | | | | | | |
Business Credit | | | 287 | | | | 476 | | | | 287 | | | | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
Real Estate | | | 62,106 | | | | 62,110 | | | | 29,870 | | | | 32,236 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 271,019 | | | $ | 301,108 | | | $ | 154,717 | | | $ | 116,302 | | | | | | | | | |
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2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 214,359 | | | $ | 277,702 | | | $ | 131,261 | | | $ | 83,098 | | | | | | | | | |
Business Credit | | | 1,821 | | | | 2,652 | | | | 0 | | | | 1,821 | | | | | | | | | |
Real Estate | | | 108,188 | | | | 117,054 | | | | 60,871 | | | | 47,317 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 324,368 | | | $ | 397,408 | | | $ | 192,132 | | | $ | 132,236 | | | | | | | | | |
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During 2013, 2012 and 2011 the Company recorded net partial charge-offs of $17.8 million, $26.8 million and $38.0 million, respectively. During 2013, 2012 and 2011 the Company recorded recoveries of previously charged-off loans of $0.1 million, $1.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The Company’s general policy is to record a specific allowance for an impaired loan when the Company determines that it is doubtful that it will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Any partial charge-off of such loan would typically occur in a subsequent period. The Company may record the initial specific allowance related to an impaired loan in the same period as it records a partial charge-off in certain circumstances such as if the terms of a restructured loan are finalized during that period. When a loan is determined to be uncollectible, the specific allowance is charged off, and reduces the gross investment in the loan. |
While charge-offs typically have no net impact on the carrying value of net loans, charge-offs lower the level of the allowance for loan losses; and, as a result, reduce the percentage of allowance for loans to total loans, and the percentage of allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans. |
Below is a summary of the Company’s evaluation of its portfolio and allowance for loan and lease losses by impairment methodology: |
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| | Leveraged Finance | | | Business Credit | | | Real Estate | |
December 31, 2013 | | Investment | | | Allowance | | | Investment | | | Allowance | | | Investment | | | Allowance | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Collectively evaluated (1) | | $ | 1,756,504 | | | $ | 16,524 | | | $ | 236,698 | | | $ | 1,198 | | | $ | 60,923 | | | $ | 377 | |
Individually evaluated (2) | | | 208,626 | | | | 19,828 | | | | 287 | | | | 200 | | | | 62,106 | | | | 3,276 | |
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Total | | $ | 1,965,130 | | | $ | 36,352 | | | $ | 236,985 | | | $ | 1,398 | | | $ | 123,029 | | | $ | 3,653 | |
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| | Leveraged Finance | | | Business Credit | | | Real Estate | |
December 31, 2012 | | Investment | | | Allowance | | | Investment | | | Allowance | | | Investment | | | Allowance | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Collectively evaluated (1) | | $ | 1,208,056 | | | $ | 18,063 | | | $ | 195,131 | | | $ | 707 | | | $ | 69,290 | | | $ | 653 | |
Individually evaluated (2) | | | 214,359 | | | | 21,578 | | | | 1,821 | | | | 0 | | | | 108,188 | | | | 8,635 | |
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Total | | $ | 1,422,415 | | | $ | 39,641 | | | $ | 196,952 | | | $ | 707 | | | $ | 177,478 | | | $ | 9,288 | |
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-1 | Represents loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies, and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for unimpaired loans and leases. These loans and leases had a weighted average risk rating of 5.0 based on the Company’s internally developed 12 point scale at December 31, 2013 and 5.1 at December 31, 2012. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-2 | Represents loans individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASU 310-10, Receivables, and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for impaired loans and leases. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Below is a summary of the Company’s investment in nonaccrual loans. |
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Recorded Investment in | | December 31, 2013 | | | December 31, 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nonaccrual Loans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 63,553 | | | $ | 66,407 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business Credit | | | 287 | | | | 1,821 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real Estate | | | 6,865 | | | | 4,458 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 70,705 | | | $ | 72,686 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Loans being restructured typically develop adverse performance trends as a result of internal or external factors, the result of which is an inability to comply with the terms of the applicable credit agreement governing their obligations to the Company. In order to mitigate default risk and/or liquidation, assuming that liquidation proceeds are not viewed as a more favorable outcome to the Company and other lenders, the Company will enter into negotiations with the borrower and its shareholders on the terms of a restructuring. When restructuring a loan, the Company undertakes an extensive diligence process which typically includes (i) construction of a financial model that runs through the tenor of the restructuring term, (ii) meetings with management of the borrower, (iii) engagement of third party consultants and (iv) internal analysis. Once a restructuring proposal is developed, it is subject to approval by both the Company’s Underwriting Committee and the Company’s Investment Committee. Loans will only be removed from TDR classification upon the refinancing of outstanding obligations on terms which are determined to be “market” in all material respects, or upon full payoff of the loan. The Company may modify loans that are not determined to be a TDR. Where a loan is modified or restructured but loan terms are considered market and no concessions were given on the loan terms, including price, principal amortization or obligation, or other restrictive covenants, a loan will not be classified as a TDR. |
The Company has made the following types of concessions in the context of a TDR: |
Group I: |
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| • | | extension of principal repayment term | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | principal holidays | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | interest rate adjustments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Group II: |
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| • | | partial charge-offs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | partial forgiveness | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | conversion of debt to equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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A summary of the types of concessions that the Company made with respect to TDRs at December 31, 2013 and 2012 is provided below: |
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($ in thousands) | | Group I | | | Group II | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2013 | | $ | 240,319 | | | $ | 164,150 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2012 | | $ | 263,670 | | | $ | 145,328 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note: A loan may be included in both restructuring groups, but not repeatedly within each group. |
For 2013 and 2012, the Company had partial charge-offs totaling $8.8 million and $12.6 million, respectively, related to loans previously classified as TDR. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had not removed the TDR classification from any loan previously identified as such. |
The Company measures TDRs similarly to how it measures all loans for impairment. The Company performs a discounted cash flow analysis on cash flow dependent loans and we assess the underlying collateral value less reasonable costs of sale for collateral dependent loans. Management analyzes the projected performance of the borrower to determine if it has the ability to service principal and interest based on the terms of the restructuring. If a charge-off is taken on a restructured loan, interest will typically move to a “cash basis” where it is taken into income only upon receipt or be placed on non-accrual. Loans will typically not be returned to accrual status until at least six months of contractual payments have been made in a timely manner. Additionally, at the time of a restructuring and quarterly thereafter, an impairment analysis is undertaken to determine the level of impairment on the loan. |
Below is a summary of the Company’s loans which were classified as TDR. |
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For the Year Ended | | Pre-Modification | | | Post-Modification | | | Investment in TDR | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2013 | Outstanding | Outstanding | Subsequently | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Recorded | Recorded | Defaulted | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment | Investment | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 23,580 | | | $ | 23,580 | | | $ | 27,872 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business Credit | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real Estate | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 8,976 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 23,580 | | | $ | 23,580 | | | $ | 36,848 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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For the Year Ended | | Pre-Modification | | | Post-Modification | | | Investment in TDR | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2012 | Outstanding | Outstanding | Subsequently | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Recorded | Recorded | Defaulted | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment | Investment | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 22,190 | | | $ | 22,190 | | | $ | 21,668 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Business Credit | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real Estate | | | 47,544 | | | | 47,544 | | | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 69,734 | | | $ | 69,734 | | | $ | 21,668 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The following sets forth a breakdown of troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2013 and 2012: |
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As of December 31, 2013 | | Accrual Status | | | Impaired | | | Specific | | | For the | | | | | |
($ in thousands) | Balance | Allowance | year | | | | |
Loan Type | | Accruing | | | Nonaccrual | | | | | | | Charged-off | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 145,073 | | | $ | 63,010 | | | $ | 208,083 | | | $ | 19,713 | | | $ | 8,759 | | | | | |
Business Credit | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | | |
Real Estate | | | 25,371 | | | | 6,865 | | | | 32,236 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 170,444 | | | $ | 69,875 | | | $ | 240,319 | | | $ | 19,713 | | | $ | 8,759 | | | | | |
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As of December 31, 2012 | | Accrual Status | | | Impaired | | | Specific | | | For the | | | | | |
($ in thousands) | Balance | Allowance | year | | | | |
Loan Type | | Accruing | | | Nonaccrual | | | | | | | Charged-off | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 135,757 | | | $ | 57,703 | | | $ | 193,460 | | | $ | 18,475 | | | $ | 12,614 | | | | | |
Business Credit | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | | |
Real Estate | | | 65,768 | | | | 4,442 | | | | 70,210 | | | | 1,969 | | | | 5,612 | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 201,525 | | | $ | 62,145 | | | $ | 263,670 | | | $ | 20,444 | | | $ | 18,226 | | | | | |
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The Company classifies a loan as Past Due when it is over 60 days delinquent. |
An aged analysis of the Company’s past due receivables is as follows: |
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| | 60-89 Days | | | Greater than | | | Total Past | | | Current | | | Total Loans | | | Investment in | |
Past Due | 90 Days | Due | and Leases | > 60 Days & |
| | | | Accruing |
December 31, 2013 | | ($ in thousands) | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 4,788 | | | $ | 4,788 | | | $ | 1,960,342 | | | $ | 1,965,130 | | | $ | 0 | |
Business Credit | | | 0 | | | | 287 | | | | 287 | | | | 236,698 | | | | 236,985 | | | | 0 | |
Real Estate | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 123,029 | | | | 123,029 | | | | 0 | |
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Total | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 5,075 | | | $ | 5,075 | | | $ | 2,320,069 | | | $ | 2,325,144 | | | $ | 0 | |
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December 31, 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Leveraged Finance | | $ | 2,997 | | | $ | 55,277 | | | $ | 58,274 | | | $ | 1,364,141 | | | $ | 1,422,415 | | | $ | 21,003 | |
Business Credit | | | 0 | | | | 1,821 | | | | 1,821 | | | | 195,131 | | | | 196,952 | | | | 0 | |
Real Estate | | | 0 | | | | 4,458 | | | | 4,458 | | | | 173,020 | | | | 177,478 | | | | 0 | |
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Total | | $ | 2,997 | | | $ | 61,556 | | | $ | 64,553 | | | $ | 1,732,292 | | | $ | 1,796,845 | | | $ | 21,003 | |
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A general allowance is provided for loans and leases that are not impaired. The Company employs a variety of internally developed and third-party modeling and estimation tools for measuring credit risk, which are used in developing an allowance for loan and lease losses on outstanding loans and leases. The Company’s allowance framework addresses economic conditions, capital market liquidity and industry circumstances from both a top-down and bottom-up perspective. The Company considers and evaluates changes in economic conditions, credit availability, industry and multiple obligor concentrations in assessing both probabilities of default and loss severities as part of the general component of the allowance for loan and lease losses. |
On at least a quarterly basis, loans and leases are internally risk-rated based on individual credit criteria, including loan and lease type, loan and lease structures (including balloon and bullet structures common in the Company’s Leveraged Finance and Real Estate cash flow loans), borrower industry, payment capacity, location and quality of collateral if any (including the Company’s Real Estate loans). Borrowers provide the Company with financial information on either a monthly or quarterly basis. Ratings, corresponding assumed default rates and assumed loss severities are dynamically updated to reflect any changes in borrower condition or profile. |
For Leveraged Finance loans and equipment finance products, the data set used to construct probabilities of default in its allowance for loan losses model, Moody’s CRD Private Firm Database, primarily contains middle market loans that share attributes similar to the Company’s loans. The Company also considers the quality of the loan or lease terms in determining a loan loss in the event of default. |
For Business Credit loans, the Company utilizes a proprietary model to risk rate the loans on a monthly basis. This model captures the impact of changes in industry and economic conditions as well as changes in the quality of the borrower’s collateral and financial performance to assign a final risk rating. The Company has also evaluated historical loss trends by risk rating from a comprehensive industry database covering more than twenty-five years of experience of the majority of the asset based lenders operating in the United States. Based upon the monthly risk rating from the model, the reserve is adjusted to reflect the historical average for expected loss from the industry database. |
For Real Estate loans, the Company employs two mechanisms to capture the impact of industry and economic conditions. First, a loan’s risk rating, and thereby its assumed default likelihood, can be adjusted to account for overall commercial real estate market conditions. Second, to the extent that economic or industry trends adversely affect a substandard rated borrower’s loan-to-value ratio enough to impact its repayment ability, the Company applies a stress multiplier to the loan’s probability of default. The multiplier is designed to account for default characteristics that are difficult to quantify when market conditions cause commercial real estate prices to decline. |
For consolidated VIEs to which the Company is providing transitional capital, we utilize a qualitative analysis which considers the business plans related to the entity, including expected hold periods, the terms of the agreements related to the entity, the Company’s historical credit experience, the credit migration of the entity’s loans in determining expected loss, as well as conditions in the capital markets. |
The Company is providing capital on a transitional basis to the Arlington Fund. At December 31, 2013, the expected loss on Arlington Fund was zero and no allowance was recorded. If the duration of the Company’s investment in Arlington Fund or its assumptions regarding conditions in the capital markets were to change, it may be necessary for the Company to record an allowance for credit losses in the future. |
The Company’s acquisition of the pool of loans from NCOF during December 2013 was recorded at fair value. At December 31, 2013, there had been no credit deterioration since the acquisition and as such, no allowance related to these loans was deemed necessary. We will reevaluate the need for a credit allowance on a quarterly basis. |
If the Company determines that additional changes in its allowance for credit losses methodology are advisable, as a result of changes in the economic environment or otherwise, the revised allowance methodology may result in higher or lower levels of allowance. Moreover, given uncertain market conditions, actual losses under the Company’s current or any revised allowance methodology may differ materially from the Company’s estimate. |
Additionally, when determining the amount of the general allowance, the Company supplements the base amount with a judgmental amount which is governed by a score card system comprised of ten individually weighted risk factors. The risk factors are designed based on those outlined in the Comptrollers of the Currency’s Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Handbook. The Company also performs a ratio analysis of comparable money center banks, regional banks and finance companies. While the Company does not rely on this peer group comparison to set the level of allowance for credit losses, it does assist management in identifying market trends and serves as an overall reasonableness check on the allowance for credit losses computation. |
A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impairment of a loan is based upon (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, (ii) the loan’s observable market price, or (iii) the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, depending on the circumstances and our collection strategy. Impaired loans are identified based on the loan-by-loan risk rating process described above. It is the Company’s policy during the reporting period to record a specific provision for credit losses for all loans for which we have serious doubts as to the ability of the borrowers to comply with the present loan repayment terms. |
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A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows: |
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| | Year Ended December 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Leveraged | | | Business | | | Real | | | Total | | | | | | | | | |
Finance | Credit | Estate | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 39,971 | | | $ | 707 | | | $ | 9,286 | | | $ | 49,964 | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses—general | | | (1,441 | ) | | | 515 | | | | (495 | ) | | | (1,421 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses—specific | | | 13,680 | | | | 2,602 | | | | (5,123 | ) | | | 11,159 | | | | | | | | | |
Loans charged off, net of recoveries | | | (15,407 | ) | | | (2,426 | ) | | | (15 | ) | | | (17,848 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Balance, end of period | | $ | 36,803 | | | $ | 1,398 | | | $ | 3,653 | | | $ | 41,854 | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance, end of period—specific | | $ | 19,828 | | | $ | 200 | | | $ | 3,276 | | | $ | 23,304 | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance, end of period—general | | $ | 16,975 | | | $ | 1,198 | | | $ | 377 | | | $ | 18,550 | | | | | | | | | |
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Average balance of impaired loans | | $ | 193,629 | | | $ | 2,222 | | | $ | 62,746 | | | $ | 258,597 | | | | | | | | | |
Interest recognized from impaired loans | | $ | 11,480 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 2,245 | | | $ | 13,725 | | | | | | | | | |
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Loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans individually evaluated with specific allowance | | $ | 124,560 | | | $ | 287 | | | $ | 29,870 | | | $ | 154,717 | | | | | | | | | |
Loans individually evaluated with no specific allowance | | | 84,066 | | | | 0 | | | | 32,236 | | | | 116,302 | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and leases collectively evaluated without specific allowance | | | 1,756,504 | | | | 236,698 | | | | 60,923 | | | | 2,054,125 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total loans and leases | | $ | 1,965,130 | | | $ | 236,985 | | | $ | 123,029 | | | $ | 2,325,144 | | | | | | | | | |
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| | Year Ended December 31, 2012 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Leveraged | | | Business | | | Real | | | Total | | | | | | | | | |
Finance | Credit | Estate | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 44,553 | | | $ | 374 | | | $ | 19,185 | | | $ | 64,112 | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses—general | | | 1,578 | | | | 333 | | | | (5,913 | ) | | | (4,002 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses—specific | | | 8,623 | | | | 0 | | | | 8,030 | | | | 16,653 | | | | | | | | | |
Loans charged off, net of recoveries | | | (14,783 | ) | | | 0 | | | | (12,016 | ) | | | (26,799 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 39,971 | | | $ | 707 | | | $ | 9,286 | | | $ | 49,964 | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance, end of period—specific | | $ | 21,578 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 8,635 | | | $ | 30,213 | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance, end of period—general | | $ | 18,393 | | | $ | 707 | | | $ | 651 | | | $ | 19,751 | | | | | | | | | |
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Average balance of impaired loans | | $ | 237,070 | | | $ | 2,664 | | | $ | 116,552 | | | $ | 356,286 | | | | | | | | | |
Interest recognized from impaired loans | | $ | 14,999 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 4,192 | | | $ | 19,191 | | | | | | | | | |
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Loans and leases | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans individually evaluated with specific allowance | | $ | 131,261 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 60,871 | | | $ | 192,132 | | | | | | | | | |
Loans individually evaluated with no specific allowance | | | 83,098 | | | | 0 | | | | 47,317 | | | | 130,415 | | | | | | | | | |
Loans acquired with deteriorating credit quality | | | 0 | | | | 1,821 | | | | 0 | | | | 1,821 | | | | | | | | | |
Loans and leases collectively evaluated without specific allowance | | | 1,208,056 | | | | 195,131 | | | | 69,290 | | | | 1,472,477 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total loans and leases | | $ | 1,422,415 | | | $ | 196,952 | | | $ | 177,478 | | | $ | 1,796,845 | | | | | | | | | |
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Included in the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2013 and 2012 is an allowance for unfunded commitments of $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, which is recorded as a component of other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet with changes recorded in the provision for credit losses on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The methodology for determining the allowance for unfunded commitments is consistent with the methodology for determining the allowance for loan and lease losses. |
During 2013, the Company recorded a total provision for credit losses of $9.7 million. The Company decreased its allowance for credit losses to $41.9 million as of December 31, 2013 from $50.0 million at December 31, 2012. The Company had $17.8 million of net charge-offs of impaired loans with a specific allowance and reduced its general allowance for credit losses by 98 basis points during 2013, offset by new specific provisions for credit losses. The general allowance for credit losses covers probable losses in the Company’s loan and lease portfolio with respect to loans and leases for which no specific impairment has been identified. When a loan is classified as impaired, the loan is evaluated for a specific allowance and a specific provision may be recorded, thereby removing it from consideration under the general component of the allowance analysis. Loans that are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off and deducted from the allowance, and recoveries on loans previously charged off are netted against loans charged off. A specific provision for credit losses is recorded with respect to impaired loans for which it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement for which there is impairment recognized. The outstanding balance of impaired loans, which include all of the outstanding balances of the Company’s delinquent loans and its troubled debt restructurings, as a percentage of “Loans and leases, net” was 12% as of December 31, 2013 and 19% as of December 31, 2012. The decrease is primarily due to the better credit quality of the acquired NCOF portfolio purchase and the consolidation of the Arlington Fund as a VIE. |
The Company closely monitors the credit quality of its loans and leases which is partly reflected in its credit metrics such as loan delinquencies, non-accruals and charge-offs. Changes in these credit metrics are largely due to changes in economic conditions and seasoning of the loan and lease portfolio. |
The Company continually evaluates the appropriateness of its allowance for credit losses methodology. Based on the Company’s evaluation process to determine the level of the allowance for loan and lease losses, management believes the allowance to be adequate as of December 31, 2013 in light of the estimated known and inherent risks identified through its analysis. |