Loans Held-for-Sale, Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4. Loans Held-for-Sale, Loans, Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, loans held-for-sale consisted of the following: September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 ($ in thousands) Leveraged Finance $ 435,351 $ 485,874 Gross loans held-for-sale 435,351 485,874 Deferred loan fees, net (5,633 ) (7,089 ) Total loans held-for-sale, net $ 429,718 $ 478,785 Loans classified as held-for-sale consist primarily of loans originated or purchased by the Company that are intended to be sold to third parties (including credit funds managed by the Company). During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company foreclosed on the previously held-for-sale impaired real estate loan, simultaneous with the foreclosure, the Company sold a portion of the property for $8.5 million and applied the proceeds to the principal loan balance. The remaining $15.8 million was transferred to Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”). Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of either market value or aggregate cost, net of any deferred origination costs or fees. At September 30, 2016, loans held-for-sale include loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $433.3 million that were intended to be sold to credit funds managed by the Company. The Company sold loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $105.0 million for a net loss of $0.04 million to entities other than credit funds managed by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company sold loans with an outstanding balance of $37.8 million for a net gain of $0.3 million to entities other than credit funds managed by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. As of September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, loans and leases consisted of the following: September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 ($ in thousands) Leveraged Finance $ 3,263,985 $ 2,627,314 Business Credit — 342,281 Real Estate 17,742 100,732 Equipment Finance (1) — 173,253 Gross loans and leases (2) 3,281,727 3,243,580 Deferred loan fees and discount, net (28,864 ) (51,249 ) Allowance for loan and lease losses (65,865 ) (58,259 ) Total loans and leases, net $ 3,186,998 $ 3,134,072 (1) Equipment Finance has been transferred to assets held-for-sale as of September 30, 2016, see note 3. (2) Includes loans at fair value of $389.3 million and $0, respectively. The Company internally risk rates loans based on individual credit criteria on at least a quarterly basis. Borrowers provide the Company with financial information on either a quarterly or monthly basis. Loan ratings as well as identification of impaired loans are dynamically updated to reflect changes in borrower condition or profile. A loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due to it according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include all non-accrual loans, loans with partial charge-offs and loans which are troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). The Company utilizes a number of analytical tools for the purpose of estimating probability of default and loss given default for its specialized lending groups. Management considers results from quantitative models in its Leveraged Finance lending group, which utilize Moody’s KMV RiskCalc credit risk model in combination with a proprietary qualitative model. The Real Estate lending group considers results from a proprietary model that we have developed to capture risk characteristics unique to the lending activities in that line of business. The results from models used by each lending group assist management in determining an appropriate obligor risk rating, which corresponds to a probability of default, as well as a loss given default. In each case, the determined probability of default and the loss given default are used to calculate an expected loss for those lending groups. Prior to classifying Equipment Finance as held-for-sale, management used similar models as its Leveraged Finance group. In each case, the expected loss is the primary component in a formulaic calculation of general reserves attributable to a given loan. Loans and leases which are rated at or better than a specified threshold are typically classified as “Pass”, and loans and leases rated worse than that threshold are typically classified as “Criticized”, a characterization that may apply to impaired loans, including TDR. As of September 30, 2016, $134.9 million of the Company’s loans were classified as “Criticized,” all of which were impaired loans, and $3.1 billion were classified as “Pass”. As of December 31, 2015, $152.1 million of the Company’s loans were classified as “Criticized”, including $143.6 million of the Company’s impaired loans, and $3.1 billion were classified as “Pass”. A TDR that performs in accordance with the terms of its restructuring may improve its risk profile over time. While the concessions in terms of pricing or amortization may not have been reversed and further amended to “market” levels, the financial condition of the borrower may improve over time to the point where the rating improves from the “Criticized” classification that was appropriate immediately prior to, or at, restructuring. When the Company rates a loan above a certain risk rating threshold and the loan is deemed to be impaired, the Company will establish a specific allowance, if appropriate, and the loan will be analyzed and may be placed on non-accrual. If the asset deteriorates further, the specific allowance may increase, and the asset’s deterioration may ultimately result in a loss and charge-off. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The measurement of impairment of a loan is based upon (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, (ii) the loan’s observable market price, or (iii) the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, depending on the circumstances and our collection strategy. Impaired loans are identified based on the loan-by-loan risk rating process described above. It is the Company’s policy during the reporting period to record a specific provision for credit losses and/or partial or full charge off for all loans for which we have serious doubts as to the ability of the borrowers to comply with the present loan repayment terms. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had impaired loans with a balance of $156.9 million. Impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $137.6 million have been restructured and classified as TDRs. At September 30, 2016, additional funding commitments for TDRs totaled $5.1 million. As of September 30, 2016, the aggregate carrying value of equity investments in certain of the Company’s borrowers in connection with troubled debt restructurings totaled $11.0 million. Impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $87.3 million were also on non-accrual status. For impaired loans on non-accrual status, the Company’s policy is to reverse the accrued interest previously recognized as interest income subsequent to the last cash receipt in the current year. The recognition of interest income on the loan only resumes when factors indicating doubtful collection no longer exist and the non-accrual loan payment status has been brought current. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company had a small recovery of $0.05 million and charged off $12.9 million, respectively, of non-accruing loan balances. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company placed no loans on non-accrual status. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company placed loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $14.3 million, on non-accrual status. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded $3.2 million and $22.3 million, respectively, of net specific provisions for impaired loans. At September 30, 2016, the Company had a $36.2 million specific allowance for impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $105.1 million. At September 30, 2016, additional funding commitments for impaired loans totaled $9.1 million. The Company’s obligation to fulfill the additional funding commitments on impaired loans is generally contingent on the borrower’s compliance with the terms of the credit agreement, or if the borrower is not in compliance additional funding commitments may be made at the Company’s discretion. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had loans totaling $16.3 million on non-accrual status which was greater than 60 days past due and classified as delinquent by the Company. Included in the $36.2 million specific allowance for impaired loans was $4.4 million related to delinquent loans. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had impaired loans with a balance of $193.2 million. At that date, impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $183.6 million had been restructured and classified as TDR. As of December 31, 2015, the aggregate carrying value of equity investments in certain of the Company’s borrowers in connection with troubled debt restructurings totaled $11.4 million. Impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $111.3 million were also on non-accrual status. During 2015, the Company charged off $4.0 million of outstanding non-accrual loans. During 2015, the Company placed loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $38.2 million on non-accrual status and returned loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $0.9 million to performing status. During 2015, the Company recorded $9.5 million of net specific provisions for impaired loans. At December 31, 2015, the Company had a $26.8 million specific allowance for impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $121.1 million. At December 31, 2015, additional funding commitments for impaired loans totaled $10.9 million. As of December 31, 2015, loans to three borrowers totaling approximately $18.6 million were on non-accrual status and were greater than 60 days past due and classified as delinquent by the Company. Included in the $26.8 million specific allowance for impaired loans was $2.8 million related to delinquent loans. A summary of impaired loans is as follows: Investment, Net of Charge-offs Investment, Net of Unamortized Discount/Premium Unpaid Principal ($ in thousands) September 30, 2016 Leveraged Finance $ 149,697 $ 144,930 $ 180,240 Real Estate 7,160 7,160 7,160 Total $ 156,857 $ 152,090 $ 187,400 December 31, 2015 Leveraged Finance $ 157,446 $ 150,692 $ 188,453 Business Credit — — — Real Estate 34,941 34,915 38,286 Equipment Finance 772 709 772 Total $ 193,159 $ 186,316 $ 227,511 Recorded Investment Related Allowance for Credit Losses Recorded Investment, net, with a Related Allowance for Credit Losses Recorded Investment without a Related Allowance for Credit Losses Recorded Investment, net, without a Related Allowance for Credit Losses ($ in thousands) September 30, 2016 Leveraged Finance $ 105,099 $ 100,461 $ 44,598 $ 44,469 Real Estate — — 7,160 7,160 Total $ 105,099 $ 100,461 $ 51,758 $ 51,629 December 31, 2015 Leveraged Finance $ 113,397 $ 106,762 $ 44,049 $ 43,930 Business Credit — — — — Real Estate 7,705 7,705 27,236 27,210 Equipment Finance — — 772 709 Total $ 121,102 $ 114,467 $ 72,057 $ 71,849 During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded a small recovery of $0.05 million on loans previously charged-off, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded net charge-offs of $14.2 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company did not record any charge-offs or recoveries, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded net partial charge-offs of $3.9 million. The Company’s policy is to record a specific allowance for an impaired loan to cover the identified impairment of that loan. Based on the Company’s experience any potential charge-off of such loan would occur when any loan loss amount is considered to be confirmed. The Company may record the initial specific allowance related to an impaired loan in the same period as it records a partial charge-off in certain circumstances such as if the terms of a restructured loan are finalized during that period. When a loan is determined to be uncollectible, the specific allowance is charged off, which reduces the gross investment in the loan. While charge-offs of amounts previously reserved have no net impact on the carrying value of net loans and leases, charge-offs lower the level of the allowance for loan and lease losses; and, as a result, reduce the percentage of allowance for loans and leases to total loans and leases, and the percentage of allowance for loan and lease losses to non-performing loans. Below is a summary of the Company’s evaluation of its amortized cost portfolio and allowance for loan and lease losses by impairment methodology: Leveraged Finance Real Estate September 30, 2016 Investment Allowance Investment Allowance ($ in thousands) Collectively evaluated (1) (2) $ 2,725,028 $ 29,614 $ 10,582 $ 91 Individually evaluated (3) 149,697 36,160 7,160 — Total $ 2,874,725 $ 65,774 $ 17,742 $ 91 Leveraged Finance Business Credit Real Estate Equipment Finance December 31, 2015 Investment Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Allowance ($ in thousands) Collectively evaluated (1) $ 2,469,868 $ 27,874 $ 342,281 $ 1,991 $ 65,791 $ 350 $ 172,481 $ 1,291 Individually evaluated (3) 157,446 26,447 — — 34,941 306 772 — Total $ 2,627,314 $ 54,321 $ 342,281 $ 1,991 $ 100,732 $ 656 $ 173,253 $ 1,291 (1) Represents loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies, and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for unimpaired loans and leases. These loans had a weighted average risk rating of 5.1 at September 30, 2016, based on the Company’s internally developed 12 point scale for the Leveraged Finance and Real Estate loans. These loans and leases had a weighted average risk rating of 5.1 at December 31, 2015, based on the Company’s internally developed 12 point scale for the Leveraged Finance, Real Estate and Equipment Finance loans and leases. Business Credit Loans had a weighted average risk rating of 5.0 at December 31, 2015 based on the Company’s internally developed 10 point scale for Business Credit loans. (2) Excludes $389.3 million Leveraged Finance loans which the Company elected to record at fair value. (3) Represents loans individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASU 310-10, Receivables, Below is a summary of the Company’s investment in nonaccrual loans. Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans September 30, 2016 December ($ in thousands) Leveraged Finance $ 87,291 $ 103,563 Business Credit — — Real Estate — 7,705 Equipment Finance — — Total $ 87,291 $ 111,268 Loans being restructured have typically developed adverse performance trends as a result of various factors, the result of which is an inability to comply with the terms of the applicable credit agreement governing the borrowers’ obligations to the Company. In order to mitigate default risk and/or liquidation, assuming that liquidation proceeds are not viewed as a more favorable outcome to the Company and other lenders, the Company will enter into negotiations with the borrower and its shareholders on the terms of a restructuring. When restructuring a loan, the Company undertakes an extensive diligence process which typically includes (i) development of a financial model with a forecast horizon that matches the term of the proposed restructuring, (ii) meetings with management of the borrower, (iii) engagement of third party consultants and (iv) other internal analyses. Once a restructuring proposal is developed, it is subject to approval by both the Company’s Underwriting and Investment Committee. Loans are only removed from TDR classification after a period of performance following the refinancing of outstanding obligations on terms which are determined to be “market” in all material respects. The Company may modify loans that are not determined to be a TDR. Where a loan is modified or restructured but loan terms are considered market and no concessions were given on the loan terms, including price, principal amortization or obligation, or other restrictive covenants, a loan will not be classified as a TDR. The Company has made the following types of concessions in the context of a TDR: Group I: • extension of principal repayment term • principal holidays • interest rate adjustments Group II: • partial forgiveness • conversion of debt to equity A summary of the types of concessions that the Company made with respect to TDRs at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is provided below: Group I Group II ($ in thousands) September 30, 2016 $ 137,614 $ 115,491 December 31, 2015 $ 183,573 $ 162,986 Note: A loan may be included in both restructuring groups, but not repeated within each group. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company had no charge-offs, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 had $7.5 million, of partial charge-offs related to loans previously classified as TDR. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had not removed the TDR classification from any loan previously identified as such, but had charged-off, sold and received repayments of outstanding TDRs. The Company measures TDRs similarly to how it measures all loans for impairment. The Company performs a discounted cash flow analysis on cash flow dependent loans and we assess the underlying collateral value less reasonable costs of sale for collateral dependent loans. Management analyzes the projected performance of the borrower to determine if it has the ability to service principal and interest payments based on the terms of the restructuring. Loans will typically not be returned to accrual status until at least six months of contractual payments have been made in a timely manner or the borrower shows significant ability to maintain servicing of the restructured debt. Additionally, at the time of a restructuring and quarterly thereafter, an impairment analysis is undertaken to determine the measurement of specific reserve, if any, on each impaired loan. Below is a summary of the Company’s loans which were newly classified as TDR and existing TDR loans which subsequently defaulted, in each during the periods presented. Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Investment in TDR Subsequently Defaulted ($ in thousands) Leveraged Finance $ 8,372 $ 8,473 $ — Real Estate — — — Total $ 8,372 $ 8,473 $ — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Investment in TDR Subsequently Defaulted ($ in thousands) Leveraged Finance $ 10,147 $ 9,781 $ — Real Estate (1) — 4,483 Total $ 10,147 $ 9,781 $ 4,483 (1) Amount reflects charge-off on an impaired Real Estate TDR that was taken prior to transfer to held-for-sale. Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Investment in TDR Subsequently Defaulted ($ in thousands) Leveraged Finance $ 13,650 $ 13,650 $ 14,391 Business Credit — — — Real Estate — — — Equipment Finance — — — Total $ 13,650 $ 13,650 $ 14,391 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Investment in TDR Subsequently Defaulted ($ in thousands) Leveraged Finance $ 13,650 $ 13,650 $ 22,333 Business Credit — — — Real Estate — — — Equipment Finance 922 922 — Total $ 14,572 $ 14,572 $ 22,333 The following sets forth a breakdown of troubled debt restructurings at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015: As of September 30, 2016 Accrual Status For the nine months ($ in thousands) Loan Type Accruing Nonaccrual Impaired Balance Specific Allowance Charged-off Leveraged Finance $ 51,978 $ 78,476 $ 130,454 $ 32,680 $ 3,003 Real Estate 7,160 — 7,160 — 4,483 Total $ 59,138 $ 78,476 $ 137,614 $ 32,680 $ 7,486 As of December 31, 2015 Accrual Status For the year ($ in thousands) Loan Type Accruing Nonaccrual Impaired Balance Specific Allowance Charged-off Leveraged Finance $ 53,883 $ 93,977 $ 147,860 $ 24,958 $ 4,000 Business Credit — — — — — Real Estate 27,236 7,705 34,941 — — Equipment Finance 772 — 772 — — Total $ 81,891 $ 101,682 $ 183,573 $ 24,958 $ 4,000 The Company classifies a loan as delinquent when it is over 60 days past due. An age analysis of the Company’s delinquent receivables is as follows: 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases Investment > 60 Days & Accruing ($ in thousands) September 30, 2016 Leveraged Finance $ — $ 16,317 $ 16,317 $ 3,247,668 $ 3,263,985 $ — Real Estate — — — 17,742 17,742 — Total $ — $ 16,317 $ 16,317 $ 3,265,410 $ 3,281,727 $ — 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases Investment in > 60 Days & Accruing ($ in thousands) December 31, 2015 Leveraged Finance $ — $ 27,165 $ 27,165 $ 2,600,149 $ 2,627,314 $ 8,530 Business Credit — — — 342,281 342,281 — Real Estate — — — 100,732 100,732 — Equipment Finance — — — 173,253 173,253 — Total $ — $ 27,165 $ 27,165 $ 3,216,415 $ 3,243,580 $ 8,530 A general allowance is provided for loans and leases that are not impaired. The Company employs a variety of internally developed and third-party modeling and estimation tools for measuring credit risk, which are used in developing an allowance for loan and lease losses on outstanding loans and leases. The Company’s allowance framework addresses economic conditions, capital market liquidity and industry circumstances from both a top-down and bottom-up perspective. The Company considers and evaluates a number of factors, including but not limited to, changes in economic conditions, credit availability, industry, loss emergence period, and multiple obligor concentrations in assessing both probabilities of default and loss severities as part of the general component of the allowance for loan and lease losses. On at least a quarterly basis, loans are internally risk-rated based on individual credit criteria, including loan type, loan structures (including balloon and bullet structures common in the Company’s Leveraged Finance and Real Estate cash flow loans), borrower industry, payment capacity, location and quality of collateral if any (including the Company’s Real Estate loans). Borrowers provide the Company with financial information on either a monthly or quarterly basis. Ratings, corresponding assumed default rates and assumed loss severities are dynamically updated to reflect any changes in borrower condition and/or profile. For Leveraged Finance loans and Equipment Finance loans and leases (prior to the latter’s transfer to held-for-sale), the data set used to construct probabilities of default in its allowance for loan losses model, Moody’s CRD Private Firm Database, primarily contains middle market loans that share attributes similar to the Company’s loans. The Company also considers the quality of the loan terms and lender protections in determining a loan loss in the event of default. Prior to the sale of Business Credit, the Company utilized a proprietary model to risk rate the asset based loans on a monthly basis. This model captured the impact of changes in industry and economic conditions as well as changes in the quality of the borrower’s collateral and financial performance to assign a final risk rating. The Company also evaluated historical net loss trends by risk rating from a comprehensive industry database covering more than twenty-five years of experience of the majority of the asset based lenders operating in the United States. Based upon the monthly risk rating from the model, the reserve was adjusted to reflect the historical average for expected loss from the industry database. For Real Estate loans, the Company employs two mechanisms to capture the impact of industry and economic conditions. First, a loan’s risk rating, and thereby its assumed default likelihood, can be adjusted to account for overall commercial real estate market conditions. Second, to the extent that economic or industry trends adversely affect a substandard rated borrower’s loan-to-value ratio enough to impact its repayment ability, the Company applies a stress multiplier to the loan’s probability of default. The multiplier is designed to account for default characteristics that are difficult to quantify when market conditions cause commercial real estate prices to decline. The Company periodically reviews its allowance for credit loss methodology to assess any necessary adjustments based upon changing economic and capital market conditions. If the Company determines that changes in its allowance for credit losses methodology are advisable, as a result of changes in the economic environment or otherwise, the revised allowance methodology may result in higher or lower levels of allowance. At December 31, 2015, the Company enhanced its approach for determining the expected exposure at default to more precisely reflect loan and lease exposures. Given uncertain market conditions, actual losses under the Company’s current or any revised allowance methodology may differ materially from the Company’s estimate. Additionally, when determining the amount of the general allowance, the Company supplements the base amount with an environmental reserve amount which is governed by a score card system comprised of seven risk factors. The risk factors are designed based on those outlined in the Comptrollers of the Currency’s Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Handbook. In the fourth quarter of 2015, the scoring system of the environmental reserve risk factors was recalibrated to align with the enhancement made to the approach for determining the exposure at default. The Company also performs a ratio analysis of comparable money center banks, regional banks and finance companies. While the Company does not rely on this peer group comparison to set the level of allowance for credit losses, use of the peer group does assist management in identifying market trends and serves as an overall reasonableness check on the allowance for credit losses computation. A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Leveraged Finance Real Estate Equipment Finance Total ($ in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 62,645 $ 91 $ 1,307 $ 64,043 Provision for credit losses—general 349 1 (14 ) 336 Provision for credit losses—specific 3,234 — — 3,234 Reclass of Equipment Finance to Assets held-for-sale — — (1,293 ) (1,293 ) Loans charged off, net of recoveries 46 — — 46 Balance, end of period $ 66,274 $ 92 $ — $ 66,366 Balance, end of period—specific $ 36,160 $ — $ — $ 36,160 Balance, end of period—general $ 30,114 $ 92 $ — $ 30,206 Average balance of impaired loans $ 154,695 $ 21,942 $ — $ 176,637 Average net book value of impaired leases $ — $ — $ 623 $ 623 Interest recognized from impaired loans and leases $ 1,627 $ 296 $ — $ 1,923 Loans and leases (1) Loans individually evaluated with specific allowance $ 105,099 $ — $ — $ 105,099 Loans individually evaluated with no specific allowance 44,598 7,160 — 51,758 Loans and leases collectively evaluated without specific allowance 2,725,028 10,582 — 2,735,610 Total loans and leases $ 2,874,725 $ 17,742 $ — $ 2,892,467 (1) Excludes $389.3 million of Leveraged Finance loans which the Company elected to record at fair value. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Leveraged Finance Business Credit Real Estate Equipment Finance Total ($ in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 54,788 $ 1,991 $ 656 $ 1,291 $ 58,726 Provision for credit losses—general 1,774 (172 ) 1,010 2 2,614 Provision for credit losses—specific 18,115 — 4,177 — 22,292 Reclass due to sale of Business Credit and transfer of Equipment Finance to Assets held-for-sale — (1,819 ) — (1,293 ) (3,112 ) Loans charged off, net of recoveries (8,403 ) — (5,751 ) — (14,154 ) Balance, end of period $ 66,274 $ — $ 92 $ — $ 66,366 Balance, end of period—specific $ 36,160 $ — $ — $ — $ 36,160 Balance, end of period—general $ 30,114 $ — $ 92 $ — $ 30,206 Average balance of impaired loans $ 169,690 $ — $ 30,699 $ — $ 200,389 Average net book value of impaired leases $ — $ — $ — $ 698 $ 698 Interest recognized from impaired loans and leases $ 6,606 $ — $ 1,128 $ 12 $ 7,746 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Leveraged Finance Business Credit Real Estate Equipment Finance Total ($ in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 47,698 $ 1,097 $ 323 $ 829 $ 49,947 Provision for credit losses—general 2,443 168 42 272 2,925 Provision for credit losses—specific 1,550 –– 59 — 1,609 Loans charged off, net of recoveries — –– — — — Balance, end of period $ 51,691 $ 1,265 $ 424 $ 1,101 $ 54,481 Balance, end of period—specific $ 23,724 $ — $ 74 $ — $ 23,798 Balance, end of period—general $ 27,967 $ 1,265 $ 350 $ 1,101 $ 30,683 Average balance of impaired loans $ 170,933 $ — $ 35,218 $ — $ 206,151 Average net book value of impaired leases $ — $ — $ — $ 884 $ 884 Interest recognized from impaired loans $ 2,672 $ — $ 400 $ 15 $ 3,087 Loans and leases Loans individually evaluated with specific allowance $ 103,588 $ — $ 27,704 $ — $ 131,292 Loans individually evaluated with no specific allowance 61,836 — 7,260 847 69,943 Loans and leases collectively evaluated without specific allowance 2,374,451 274,617 65,626 174,361 2,889,055 Total loans and leases $ 2,539,875 $ 274,617 $ 100,590 $ 175,208 $ 3,090,290 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Leveraged Finance Business Credit Real Estate Equipment Finance Total ($ in thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ 41,480 $ 1,334 $ 257 $ 622 $ 43,693 Provision for credit losses—general 7,143 (69 ) 93 479 7,646 Provision for credit losses—specific 7,000 — 74 — 7,074 Loans charged off, net of recoveries (3,932 ) — — — (3,932 ) Balance, end of period $ 51,691 $ 1,265 $ 424 $ 1,101 $ 54,481 Balance, end of period—specific $ 23,724 $ — $ 74 $ — $ 23,798 Balance, end of period—general $ 27,967 $ 1,265 $ 350 $ 1,101 $ 30,683 Average balance of impaired loans $ 175,518 $ — $ 36,488 $ — $ 212,006 Average net book value of impaired leases $ — $ — $ — $ 909 $ 909 Interest recognized from impaired loans $ 8,326 $ — $ 1,183 $ 30 $ 9,539 Included in the allowance for credit losses at each of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is an allowance for unfunded commitments of $0.5 million, which is recorded as a component of other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet with changes recorded in the provision for credit losses on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The methodology for determining the allowance for unfunded commitments is consistent with the methodology for determining the allowance for loan and lease losses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded a total provision for credit losses of $24.9 million. The Company increased its allowance for credit losses to $66.4 million as of September 30, 2016 from $58.7 million at December 31, 2015 as a result of an increase in the specific allowance for credit losses primarily related to the deterioration of four credits. In addition, the Company transferred four commercial real estate loans to loans held-for-sale which resulted in an additional $1.1 million of provision expense. The general allowance for credit losses covers probable incurred losses in the Company’s loan and lease portfolio with respect to loans and leases for which no specific impairment has been identified. When a loan is classified as impaired, the loan is evaluated for a specific allowance and a specific provision may be recorded, thereby removing it from consideration under the general component of the allowance analysis. Loans that are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off and deducted from the allowance, and recoveries on loans previously charged off are netted against loans charged off. A specific provision for credit losses is recorded with respect to impaired loans for which it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement for which there is impairment recognized. The outstanding balance of impaired loans, which incl |