Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Reclassifications | Reclassifications |
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Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statement of cash flows and segment information note have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The reclassifications had no effect on net loss, net cash flows or shareholders' equity. |
Use of Estimates, Policy | Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, contingent assets and liabilities, and the related disclosures. Accordingly, actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memos, spare parts inventory obsolescence reserve, useful lives for rental equipment and property and equipment, deferred income taxes, personal property tax receivable and accrual, loss contingencies and the fair value of interest rate swaps and other financial instruments. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Including Derivative Instruments |
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The valuation of financial instruments requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the fair value of the instruments. The Company, where possible, bases the fair values of its financial instruments, including its derivative instruments, on listed market prices and third party quotes. Where these are not available, the Company bases its estimates on current instruments with similar terms and maturities or on other factors relevant to the financial instruments. |
Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting (As Restated) |
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We have determined, in accordance with applicable accounting guidance regarding operating segments that we have four reportable segments. We derive our revenues from four principal business activities: (1) Essex Crane equipment rentals; (2) Coast Crane equipment rentals; (3) equipment distribution; and (4) parts and service. These segments are based upon how we allocate resources and assess performance. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements regarding our segment information. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition |
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The Company recognizes revenue, including multiple element arrangements, in accordance with the provisions of applicable accounting guidance. We generate revenue from the rental of cranes and related equipment and other services such as crane and equipment transportation and repairs and maintenance of equipment on rent. In many instances, the Company provides some of the above services under the terms of a single customer Equipment Rental Agreement. The Company also generates revenue from the retail sale of equipment and spare parts and repair and maintenance services provided with respect to non-rental equipment. |
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Revenue arrangements with multiple elements are divided into separate units of accounting based on vendor-specific objective evidence if available, third-party evidence if vendor-specific objective evidence is not available, or estimated selling price if neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence is available. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company used estimated selling price for allocation of consideration related to rental revenues. After an analysis of rental agreements absent any additional services offered by the Company, it was determined that the Company did not have vendor-specific evidence related to rental revenues. Prior to the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company was able to establish vendor-specific objective evidence based on an analysis of rental agreements absent any additional services offered by the Company. The Company uses the estimated selling price for allocation of consideration to transportation services based on the costs associated with providing such services in addition to other supply and demand factors within specific sub-markets. The estimated selling prices of the individual deliverables are not materially different than the terms of the Equipment Rental Agreements. |
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Revenue from equipment rentals are billed monthly in advance and recognized as earned, on a straight-line basis over the rental period specified in the associated equipment rental agreement. Rental contract terms may span several months or longer. Because the term of the contracts can extend across financial reporting periods, when rentals are billed in advance, we defer recognition of revenue and record unearned rental revenue at the end of reporting periods so that rental revenue is included in the appropriate period. Repair service revenue is recognized when the service is provided. Transportation revenue from rental equipment delivery service is recognized for the drop off of rental equipment on the delivery date and is recognized for pick-up when the equipment is returned to the Essex service center, storage yard or next customer location. New and used rental equipment and part sales are recognized upon acceptance by the customer and when delivery has occurred. Revenue from repair and maintenance services provided with respect to non-rental equipment is recognized when the service is provided. |
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There are estimates required in recording certain repair and maintenance revenues and also in recording any allowances for doubtful accounts and credit memos. The estimates have historically been accurate in all material respects and we do not anticipate any material changes to our current estimates in these areas. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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The Company considers all demand deposits, money market accounts and investments in certificates of deposit with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company maintained cash deposits in foreign accounts totaling approximately $0.1 million and $0.7 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
Shipping and Handling Cost | Shipping and Handling Costs and Taxes Collectible from Customers |
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The Company classifies shipping and handling amounts billed to customers as revenues and the corresponding expenses are included in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company accounts for taxes due from customers on a net basis and as such, these amounts are excluded from revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. |
Trade and Other Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoice price net of an estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts and reserves for credit memos, and generally do not bear interest. |
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The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of credit losses in accounts receivable and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company periodically reviews the allowance for doubtful accounts and balances are written off against the allowance when management believes it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memos was approximately $2.5 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Bad debt expense was approximately $0.5 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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The following table provides a rollforward of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012: |
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| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
Beginning balance | $ | 2,774,720 | | | $ | 2,915,895 | |
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Provision for allowance for doubtful accounts | 519,539 | | | 959,543 | |
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Provision for credit memo reserve | 1,459,326 | | | 1,425,103 | |
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Write-offs and recoveries | (2,268,581 | ) | | (2,525,821 | ) |
Ending balance | $ | 2,485,004 | | | $ | 2,774,720 | |
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Concentration Risk, Credit Risk | Concentrations of Credit Risk |
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Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. However, management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. |
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Another financial instrument account that potentially subjects the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk primarily relates to accounts receivable. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited because a large number of geographically diverse customers make up the Company’s customer base. |
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No single customer represented more than 10% of total revenue or outstanding receivables for any of the periods presented. |
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The Company controls credit risk related to accounts receivable through credit approvals, credit limits and other monitoring procedures. The Company also manages credit risk through bonding requirements on its customers and/or liens on projects that the rental equipment is used to complete. |
Inventory | Inventory |
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Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market. Spare parts inventory is used to service rental equipment and is sold on a retail basis. Spare parts inventory used to support the crawler crane rental fleet is classified as a non-current asset as it is primarily used to support rental equipment repair operations. Spare parts inventory used to service rental equipment is recorded as repairs and maintenance expense in the period the parts were issued to a repair project, or, usage is reclassified as additional cost of the rental equipment if the repair project meets certain capitalization criteria as discussed below. Equipment inventory is accounted for using the specific-identification method and retail parts and spare parts inventory are accounted for using the average cost method, which approximates the first-in, first-out method. |
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The carrying value of the spare parts inventory is reduced by a reserve representing management’s estimate for obsolete and slow moving items. This obsolescence reserve is an estimate based upon the Company’s analysis by type of inventory, usage and market conditions at the balance sheet dates. |
Property, Plant and Equipment | Rental Equipment |
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Rental equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the equipment, which range from 5 to 30 years. In excess of 95% of the assets have a useful life greater than 15 years. Equipment improvement projects with costs in excess of $10,000 for boom trucks, $15,000 for tower and rough terrain cranes and $20,000 for crawler cranes that extend the useful lives or enhance a crane’s capabilities are capitalized in the period they are incurred and depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 7 years. Individual rental equipment items purchased with costs in excess of $5,000 are also capitalized and are depreciated over the useful lives of the respective item purchased. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company capitalized rental equipment maintenance expenditures of approximately $0.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. |
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Gains and losses on retirements and disposals of rental equipment are included in income from operations. Ordinary repair and maintenance costs are included in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. |
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Property and Equipment |
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Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which are as follows: |
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Buildings | 30 years | | | | | | |
Building improvements | 10 years | | | | | | |
Office equipment | 3 to 7 years | | | | | | |
Automobiles, trucks, trailers and yard equipment | 4 to 5 years | | | | | | |
Information systems equipment and software | 3 years | | | | | | |
Machinery, furniture and fixtures | 4 to 7 years | | | | | | |
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Expenditures for betterments and renewals in excess of $5,000 that extend the useful lives or enhance the assets’ capabilities are capitalized and are depreciated on the straight-line basis over the remaining lives of the assets. Gains and losses on retirements and disposals of property and equipment are included in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company capitalized property, plant and equipment expenditures, excluding capitalized software costs, of approximately $1.2 million and $0.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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External costs incurred by the Company to develop computer software for internal use are capitalized in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. The Company capitalized approximately $29,000 and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Capitalized software development costs include software license fees, consulting fees and certain internal payroll costs and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. During 2011, the Company placed approximately $0.8 million of capitalized costs in service associated with the development of a new Enterprise Resource Planning system (“ERP system”) at Coast Crane. |
Debt | Loan Acquisition Costs |
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Loan acquisition costs include underwriting, legal and other direct costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt. These costs are capitalized and amortized using the effective interest method, or using the straight-line method when not materially different that the effective interest method, and are included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets |
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The Company used the purchase method of accounting for its acquisition of Coast Crane’s assets. The acquisition resulted in an allocation of purchase price to goodwill and other intangible assets. The cost of the Coast Acquisition was first allocated to identifiable assets based on estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired in the amount of $1.8 million was recorded as goodwill. |
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We evaluate goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually, or more frequently if triggering events occur or other impairment indicators arise which might impair recoverability. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. The Company has recorded goodwill of $1.8 million assigned to its Coast Crane equipment rentals, equipment distribution and parts and service reporting units. |
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Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units and determination of the fair value of the reporting units. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using the income approach, specifically the present value technique using future cash flows, and is compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then the implied fair value of goodwill must be estimated and compared to its carrying value to measure the amount of impairment , if any. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital. |
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The estimates used to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit change from year to year based on operating results, market conditions and other factors. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and goodwill impairment for our reporting unit with goodwill. |
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The results of our quantitative goodwill impairment tests for the most recent year ended December 31, 2013 indicated that the fair value of our reporting unit with goodwill exceeded its carrying value and no impairment of goodwill was recorded. Similarly, there was no impairment of goodwill recorded for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. |
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Identifiable finite lived intangible assets consist of customer relationships and trademarks obtained in the acquisition of Essex Crane Rental Corp.'s and Coast Crane’s assets. The customer relationship intangible and trademark assets are both being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 7 years and 5 years, respectively. |
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets | Long-lived Assets |
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Long lived assets are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. As part of an ongoing review of the valuation of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets, the Company assesses the carrying value of these assets if such facts and circumstances suggest that they may be impaired. Losses related to long-lived assets are recorded where indicators of impairment are present and the estimated undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset (rental and associated revenues less related operating expenses plus any terminal value) are less than the assets’ carrying value. If the carrying value of the assets will not be recoverable, as determined by the undiscounted cash flows, the carrying value of the assets is reduced to fair value. |
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During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company initiated the process of placing certain crawler crane rental equipment assets into a sealed bid auction, which differs from an absolute auction in that the seller has the right to approve any sales. As a result of the auction proceedings, the possibility that the Company will accept bids below net book value and the assets could be sold before the end of their previously estimated useful life, the Company determined that triggering event had occurred, which caused the Company to determine if an impairment of these long-lived assets was necessary. In addition, certain provisions within the Essex Crane Revolving Credit Facility limit the ability of the Company to sell any individual rental equipment asset, or any group of assets in any six month period, for amounts below a certain percentage of orderly liquidation value. Any sale under these thresholds without a waiver from the lenders would place the Company in default of the Essex Crane Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2013, the Company did not have a waiver in place and, therefore, did not have the authority to commit to selling the rental equipment assets in the sealed bid auction. As such, the Company concluded the rental equipment assets included in the auction should not be classified as held for sale on December 31, 2013. |
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Application of the long-lived asset impairment test requires judgment, including the identification the primary asset, identification of the lowest level of identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and the future cash flows of the long-lived assets. The Company identified its crawler crane rental equipment fleet as the primary asset as it is the basis of all revenue generating activities for Essex Crane, its replacement would require a significant level of investment and its remaining useful life significantly exceeds the remaining useful life of all other assets. The lowest level of identifiable cash flows within the rental equipment fleet is at the equipment model level. Each equipment model group is capable of producing cash flows without other complementary assets and each asset within the specific equipment model groups is interchangeable with any other asset within that equipment model group. The Company tested the recoverability of the rental equipment assets by model using an undiscounted cash flow approach dependent primarily upon estimates of future rental income, orderly liquidation value, estimated selling prices in the sealed bid auction, discount rates and probability factors. Cash flows for each equipment model group utilized a probability weighted forecast that considered the possibility of continuing to rent the assets, selling the assets at varying prices in either the sealed bid auction referred to above or in more orderly transactions at various prices in the future or at the end of their remaining useful lives. The Company estimated that the future cash flows generated by each of the equipment model groups exceeded the carrying value of the assets and no impairment was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2013. |
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Derivatives, Methods of Accounting, Hedging Derivatives | Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities |
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The Company uses derivative financial instruments for the purpose of hedging the risks associated with interest rate fluctuations on its revolving credit facility with the objective of converting a targeted amount of its floating rate debt to a fixed rate. The Company has not entered into derivative transactions for speculative purposes, and therefore holds no derivative instruments for trading purposes. |
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The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. All derivative instruments are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. |
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Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the consolidated balance sheets as either a freestanding asset or liability, with a corresponding offset recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income within the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity, net of tax. Amounts are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to the consolidated statements of operations in the period or periods the hedged transaction affects earnings. |
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Derivative gains and losses under cash flow hedges not effective in hedging the change in fair value or expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately within the consolidated statements of operations. At the hedge’s inception and at least quarterly thereafter, a formal assessment is performed to determine whether changes in the fair values or cash flows of the derivative instruments have been highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items and whether they are expected to be highly effective in the future. If it is determined a derivative instrument has not been or will not continue to be highly effective as a hedge, hedge accounting is discontinued. |
Income Tax | Income Taxes |
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The Company uses an asset and liability approach, as required by the applicable accounting guidance, for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed using tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those assets and liabilities are expected to be realized. The effect on net deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that the change in tax rates is enacted. |
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Management makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments are applied in the calculation of certain tax credits and in the calculation of the deferred income tax expense or benefit associated with certain deferred tax assets and liabilities. Significant changes to these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the Company’s tax provision in a subsequent period. |
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Management assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely, the Company will increase its provision for income taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized. The Company follows the applicable guidance related to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. |
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans | Stock based compensation |
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Stock based compensation is accounted for in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"), which results in compensation expense being recorded over the requisite service or vesting period based on the fair value of the share based compensation at the date of grant. |
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations | Foreign Currency Translation |
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The functional currency of the Company’s Canadian subsidiary is the Canadian dollar. Assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates, and revenue and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the year. Gains or losses from these translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity. |
New Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements |
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In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued authoritative guidance regarding the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. Under the new guidance, an entity has the option to present either parenthetically on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income and the statement of operations line items affected by the reclassification. The amendment does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in the financial statements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2012. The Company adopted this guidance during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and has disclosed the reclassifications out of other comprehensive income and the affect on the statement of operations line items within the notes to the consolidated financial statements. |
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In July 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance regarding the financial statement presentation of unrecognized tax benefits. Under the new guidance, unrecognized tax benefits, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward if such settlement is required or expected in the event the uncertain tax benefit is disallowed. In situations where a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction or the tax law of the jurisdiction does not require, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be netted with the deferred tax asset. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The company will adopt this guidance for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2014. Adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial results. |