Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2016 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 are unaudited. These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial position and results of operations, contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 25, 2016. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or (“GAAP”), and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of our management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position as of March 31, 2016 and our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 has been derived from the December 31, 2015 audited financial statements. The operating results for the three month period ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be achieved for the full fiscal year or for future periods. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Guidance and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Reclassification of Liabilities We have reclassified certain liabilities to conform to the current period’s presentation for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The reclassification includes capital lease obligations combined with accrued liabilities, and deferred rent combined with other long-term liabilities. Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, share-based compensation, bad debts, income taxes, contingent consideration, commitments, impairment considerations, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents We invest excess cash in money market funds and highly liquid debt instruments of the US government and its agencies. Highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase are classified as cash and cash equivalents. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term maturities of these instruments. Based on borrowing rates currently available to us for borrowings with similar terms, the carrying values of our capital lease obligations also approximate fair value. Trade Receivables Trade receivables are carried at original invoice amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance is established through a provision for bad debt expense, which is included in general and administrative expenses. We determine the adequacy of this allowance by evaluating individual customer accounts receivable, through consideration of the customer’s financial condition and credit history, and taking into account current economic conditions. In addition, we analyze our historical credit loss history and apply these loss rates to our current accounts receivable balances to verify the reasonableness of our allowance. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. A trade receivable is generally considered past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than 30 days unless alternate terms are provided. Inventory Inventory is comprised of hardware components, packaged software components and finished goods and is valued at the lower of cost or market, using the weighted average cost method. We conduct quarterly inventory reviews for obsolescence, and inventory considered unlikely to be sold is adjusted to net realizable value. Amortization of Intangible Assets with Finite Lives Intangible assets with finite lives are recorded at their fair value at the time of acquisition. With the exception of our customer relationships intangible asset, which is amortized on a double-declining basis, the acquisition date fair values of such assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles We account for our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (ASC 350). Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired and is assigned to a reporting unit at the date the goodwill is initially recorded. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but evaluated for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the value may not be recoverable. The Company has the option to choose whether it will apply the qualitative assessment first before the quantitative assessment. We performed a quantitative assessment for our goodwill and indefinite-lived assets as of October 1, 2015, and determined they were not impaired. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We restrict our investments in cash and cash equivalents to financial institutions, US government or federal agency instruments and obligations of corporations with high credit ratings. At March 31, 2016, the majority of our cash balances were held at financial institutions located in California in accounts that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for up to $250,000. Uninsured balances aggregate approximately $19.9 million as of March 31, 2016. At March 31, 2016 all of our cash equivalents consisted of financial institution obligations. We periodically perform credit evaluations of our customers and maintain reserves for potential losses on our accounts receivable. We do not believe we are subject to concentrations of credit risk with respect to such receivables. Revenue Recognition We generate revenues principally from the sale of our EnCase software products. Our software products include perpetual licenses and are related to our EnCase Endpoint Investigator, EnCase Endpoint Security, EnCase eDiscovery, EnCase Forensic, EnCase Portable, and forensic appliance sales. Revenue associated with the sale of software licenses and revenue associated with forensic appliance sales are referred to as product revenue. Revenues are also generated from training courses and consulting services in which we assist customers with the performance of digital investigations and train their IT and legal professionals in the use of our software products, as well as subscription revenues associated with cloud-based document review and production SaaS, which we collectively refer to as services revenue. Our proprietary products are generally sold with one to three years of maintenance, which can be renewed at a stated renewal rate and is referred to as maintenance revenues. We recognize revenue in accordance with ASU 2009-13 , Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements , (amendment to ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition ), Revenue Recognition - Software topic (ASC 985-605) and Revenue Recognition (ASC 605). While the standards govern the basis for revenue recognition, significant judgment and the use of estimates are required in connection with the allocation of revenue between product, services and maintenance revenues, as well as the amount of deferred revenue to be recognized in each accounting period. Revenue Recognition Criteria: We recognize revenue when the following criteria have been met: · Persuasive evidence of an arrangement: When we either enter into contracts or receive written purchase orders issued by a customer that legally bind us and the customer. · Delivery : We deem delivery of products to have occurred when the title and risk of ownership have passed to the buyer. Services revenues are considered delivered as they are performed. · Fixed or determinable fee: We consider the fee to be fixed or determinable if the fee is not subject to refund or adjustment and the payment terms are within normal established practices. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, we recognize revenues as amounts become due and payable with respect to transactions with extended payment terms, or as refund rights lapse with respect to transactions containing such provisions, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. · Collection is deemed probable: We conduct a credit review for all significant transactions at the time of the arrangement to determine the credit-worthiness of the customer. Collection is deemed probable if we have a reasonable basis to expect that the customer will pay amounts under the arrangement as payments become due. We report our revenues in three categories: product revenue, services revenue, and maintenance revenue. Product revenue includes revenues from software products and hardware products. Services revenue includes revenue from professional services, training, and subscriptions. Maintenance revenue includes maintenance revenue associated with our hardware and software products. Accounting treatment for each category of revenue and our most significant contract structures is further described below. Revenue Recognition for Software Products and Software-Related Services (Software Elements) Software product revenue. The timing of software product revenue recognition is dependent on the nature of the product sold or the structure of the license. EnCase Software Products : Revenue associated with these arrangements, exclusive of amounts allocated to maintenance and other undelivered elements, for which we have vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), is recognized upon delivery, provided that all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met. Revenue associated with term licenses are recognized ratably over the term of the license because we have not established VSOE for post-contract customer support in term license arrangements. Services revenue. The majority of our consulting and implementation services are performed under per hour or fixed fee arrangements. Revenue from such services is recognized as the services are provided or upon expiration of the contractual service period. Training revenue is either recognized on a per-class basis upon a participant’s attendance or, for those customers who have subscribed to our Annual Training Passport program, revenue is recognized ratably over the annual period. Maintenance revenue. Maintenance revenue includes technical support and software updates on a when-and-if-available basis. We recognize maintenance revenue ratably over the applicable maintenance period. We determine the amount of maintenance revenue to be allocated through reference to substantive maintenance renewal provisions contained in multiple element arrangements. We consider substantive maintenance provisions to be provisions where the cost of the maintenance renewal is stated in the contract with our customer as a percentage of the net license fee, provided the rate is substantive. Revenue Recognition for Multiple-Element Arrangements — Software Products and Software-Related Services (Software Arrangements) We often enter into arrangements with customers that purchase both software products and software-related services from us at the same time, or within close proximity of one another (referred to as software-related multiple-element arrangements). Such software-related multiple-element arrangements may include the sale of our software products, software maintenance services, which include license updates and product support, consulting/implementation services and training whereby the software license delivery is followed by the subsequent delivery of the other elements. For those software-related multiple-element arrangements, we have applied the residual method to determine the amount of software license revenues to be recognized pursuant to ASC 985-605. Under the residual method, if VSOE exists for the undelivered elements, this amount is deferred with the remaining, or residual, portion of the arrangement consideration recognized upon delivery of the software license, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Revenue Recognition for Hardware and Subscription Revenues (Nonsoftware Elements) Hardware product revenue. Revenue associated with the sale of forensic appliances is recognized upon shipment to the customers, which include certain resellers, provided that all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met. Subscription services revenue. Customers pay subscription fees to access our cloud-based document review and production software; however, they may not take possession of the software at any time during the term of the agreement. In general, we recognize revenue for subscription fees on a straight-line basis over the contract period commencing on the date the subscription is made available to the customer. Usage-based fees, which are determined monthly, are recognized when incurred. Revenue Recognition for Multiple-Element Arrangements — Hardware, Subscription, and Nonsoftware-Related Services (Nonsoftware Arrangements) We enter into arrangements with customers that purchase both nonsoftware-related subscription services and nonsoftware-related services, such as consulting services, at the same time or within close proximity of one another (referred to as nonsoftware multiple-element arrangements). Each element within a nonsoftware multiple-element arrangement is accounted for as a separate unit of accounting provided the following criteria are met: the delivered products or services have value to the customer on a standalone basis; and for an arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered products or services, delivery or performance of the undelivered product or service is considered probable and is substantially controlled by us. We consider a deliverable to have standalone value if the product or service is sold separately by us or another vendor, or could be resold by the customer. Further, our revenue arrangements generally do not include a general right of return relative to the delivered products. Where the aforementioned criteria for a separate unit of accounting are not met, the deliverable is combined with the undelivered element and treated as a single unit of accounting for the purposes of allocation of the arrangement consideration and revenue recognition. For those units of accounting that include more than one deliverable but are treated as a single unit of accounting, we generally recognize revenues ratably over the delivery period. For the purposes of revenue classification of the elements that are accounted for as a single unit of accounting, we allocate revenue to the respective revenue line items within our consolidated statements of operations based on a rational and consistent methodology utilizing our best estimate of relative selling prices of such elements. For our nonsoftware multiple-element arrangements, we allocate revenue to each element based on a selling price hierarchy at the arrangement’s inception. The selling price for each element is based upon the following selling price hierarchy: VSOE, if available; third party evidence (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available; or best estimate of selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE are available. A description as to how we determine VSOE, TPE and BESP is provided below: · VSOE . VSOE is determined based on its historical pricing and discounting practices for the specific product or service when sold separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling prices for these services fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range. · TPE . When VSOE cannot be established for deliverables in a multiple element arrangement, judgment is applied with respect to whether we can establish a selling price based on TPE. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, our go-to-market strategy differs from that of our peers, and our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that comparable pricing of services with similar functionality has not been obtained. Furthermore, we have been unable to reliably determine selling prices of similar competitive services on a stand-alone basis. As a result, we have not been able to establish selling prices based on TPE. · BESP . When VSOE or TPE cannot be established, we use BESP in our allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the service were sold on a stand-alone basis. We determine BESP for deliverables by considering multiple factors including but not limited to prices we charge for similar offerings, market conditions, competitive landscape and pricing practices. Revenue Recognition for Multiple-Element Arrangements — Arrangements with Software and Nonsoftware Elements We also enter into multiple-element arrangements that may include a combination of our various software-related and nonsoftware-related products and services. In such arrangements, we first allocate the total arrangement consideration based on the relative selling prices to the software group of elements as a whole and to the nonsoftware group of elements. We then further allocate consideration allocated to the software group and nonsoftware group to the respective elements within that group following the guidance in ASC 985-605, ASC 605-25, and our policies described above. After the arrangement consideration has been allocated to the elements, we recognize revenue for each respective element in the arrangement as described above. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) jointly issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which supercedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605 Revenue Recognition. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supercede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under US GAAP. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under current authoritative guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The standard is effective beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is not permitted under US GAAP. On April 1, 2015, the FASB voted to propose to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. We are currently evaluating the financial statement impact of the new revenue recognition standard. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern . This standard sets forth management’s responsibility to evaluate, each reporting period, whether there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and if so, to provide related footnote disclosures. The standard is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016. We are currently evaluating this new standard and expect it to have no impact on our financial position and results of operations. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes , to simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes. The amendments require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments. The new guidance has been adopted on a prospective basis for the year ended December 31, 2015. The adoption resulted in the reclassification of an immaterial deferred tax asset and noncurrent deferred tax liability of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2015. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheet a right-of-use asset, representing their right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability for all leases with terms greater than 12 months. The guidance also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosures designed to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The standard requires the use of a modified retrospective transition approach, which includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019 and we are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to the Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The standard is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. ASU 2016-09 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017 and we are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements. |