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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2007
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number 001-33197
GUIDANCE SOFTWARE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 95-4661210 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) | |
215 North Marengo Avenue | ||
Pasadena, California | 91101 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (626) 229-9191
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock
(Title of class)
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of August 6, 2007, there were 22,718,146 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.
Table of Contents
Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2007
Table of Contents
Page | ||||
1 | ||||
Item 1. | 1 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007 (unaudited) | 1 | |||
2 | ||||
3 | ||||
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 4 | |||
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 12 | ||
Item 3. | 23 | |||
Item 4. | 23 | |||
23 | ||||
Item 1. | 23 | |||
Item 1A. | 24 | |||
Item 4. | 27 | |||
Item 6. | 28 | |||
29 |
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Item 1. | Financial Statements |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
December 31, 2006 | June 30, 2007 | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 8,041 | $ | 7,106 | ||||
Investments in marketable debt securities | 24,694 | 24,723 | ||||||
Trade receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $442 and $273 as of December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007, respectively | 17,513 | 17,990 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses, inventory and other current assets | 2,064 | 2,573 | ||||||
Total current assets | 52,312 | 52,392 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net | 6,526 | 10,383 | ||||||
Other assets | 507 | 561 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 59,345 | $ | 63,336 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 5,494 | $ | 4,278 | ||||
Accrued expenses | 3,974 | 4,923 | ||||||
Capital lease obligations | 942 | 542 | ||||||
Deferred revenues | 18,123 | 20,528 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 28,533 | 30,271 | ||||||
Long-term liabilities: | ||||||||
Rent incentives | 1,537 | 2,335 | ||||||
Capital lease obligations | 488 | 537 | ||||||
Deferred revenues | 2,098 | 2,445 | ||||||
Total long-term liabilities | 4,123 | 5,317 | ||||||
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 5 and 9) | ||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value: 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007, respectively | — | — | ||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 22,167,000 and 22,702,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007, respectively | 22 | 23 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 36,330 | 40,293 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (17 | ) | 30 | |||||
Accumulated deficit | (9,646 | ) | (12,598 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 26,689 | 27,748 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 59,345 | $ | 63,336 | ||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
For the three months ended June 30, | For the six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||
Product revenue | $ | 6,953 | $ | 10,293 | $ | 13,156 | $ | 20,381 | ||||||||
Services and maintenance revenue | 5,920 | 8,241 | 10,888 | 15,749 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | 12,873 | 18,534 | 24,044 | 36,130 | ||||||||||||
Cost of revenues(1): | ||||||||||||||||
Cost of product revenue | 547 | 656 | 1,024 | 1,401 | ||||||||||||
Cost of services and maintenance revenue | 3,139 | 4,703 | 5,747 | 9,216 | ||||||||||||
Total cost of revenues | 3,686 | 5,359 | 6,771 | 10,617 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 9,187 | 13,175 | 17,273 | 25,513 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses(1): | ||||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | 6,434 | 8,036 | 11,542 | 16,728 | ||||||||||||
Research and development | 1,734 | 2,195 | 3,186 | 4,243 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative | 1,762 | 3,478 | 3,473 | 6,568 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 432 | 816 | 792 | 1,515 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 10,362 | 14,525 | 18,993 | 29,054 | ||||||||||||
Operating loss | (1,175 | ) | (1,350 | ) | (1,720 | ) | (3,541 | ) | ||||||||
Other income and expense: | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 12 | 374 | 38 | 732 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | (12 | ) | (22 | ) | (21 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||||||
Other income, net | 35 | 57 | 69 | 91 | ||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (1,140 | ) | (941 | ) | (1,634 | ) | (2,772 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax provision | 6 | 25 | 22 | 50 | ||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (1,146 | ) | $ | (966 | ) | $ | (1,656 | ) | $ | (2,822 | ) | ||||
Net loss per share: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.06 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.13 | ) | ||||
Diluted | $ | (0.06 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.13 | ) | ||||
Weighted average number of shares used in per share calculation: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | 19,345 | 22,425 | 19,903 | 22,357 | ||||||||||||
Diluted | 19,345 | 22,425 | 19,903 | 22,357 |
(1) | See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the amount of Share-Based Compensation included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (1,146 | ) | $ | (966 | ) | $ | (1,656 | ) | $ | (2,822 | ) | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 432 | 816 | 792 | 1,515 | ||||||||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | 19 | 63 | 112 | 14 | ||||||||||||
Share-based compensation | 160 | 1,012 | 222 | 1,900 | ||||||||||||
Loss on disposal of assets | — | 95 | — | 122 | ||||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Trade receivables | 1,336 | (1,658 | ) | 727 | (491 | ) | ||||||||||
Prepaid expenses, inventory and other assets | 96 | — | (477 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||||||
Accounts payable | 1,222 | 16 | 1,625 |
| (1,921 | ) | ||||||||||
Accrued expenses | (119 | ) | 625 | (938 | ) | 1,071 | ||||||||||
Deferred revenue | (1,237 | ) | 61 | (792 | ) | 2,752 | ||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | 763 |
| 64 |
| (385 | ) |
| 2,123 |
| |||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Purchase of marketable debt securities | — | (24,693 | ) | — | (49,386 | ) | ||||||||||
Sale of marketable debt securities | — | 24,701 | — | 49,404 | ||||||||||||
Purchase of property and equipment | (631 | ) |
| (3,248 | ) | (1,563 | ) |
| (4,624 | ) | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (631 | ) |
| (3,240 | ) | (1,563 | ) |
| (4,606 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Distributions to stockholders | — | — | (1,710 | ) | — | |||||||||||
Principal payments of capital lease obligations | (144 | ) | (258 | ) | (271 | ) | (516 | ) | ||||||||
Cash paid for offering expense | (334 | ) | — | (359 | ) | (241 | ) | |||||||||
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options | 747 | 1,665 | 770 | 2,305 | ||||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | 269 | 1,407 | (1,570 | ) | 1,548 | |||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 401 | (1,769 | ) | (3,518 | ) | (935 | ) | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 3,637 | 8,875 | 7,556 | 8,041 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 4,038 | $ | 7,106 | $ | 4,038 | $ | 7,106 | ||||||||
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash paid during the year for: | ||||||||||||||||
Interest | $ | 24 | $ | 21 | $ | 31 | $ | 43 | ||||||||
Income taxes | $ | 22 | $ | 18 | $ | 22 | $ | 18 | ||||||||
Non-cash activities: | ||||||||||||||||
Capital lease obligations incurred to acquire assets | $ | 321 | $ | — | $ | 434 | $ | 165 | ||||||||
Purchase of equipment included in accounts payable | $ | 127 | $ | 705 | $ | 199 | $ | 705 | ||||||||
Rent incentives | $ | 723 | $ | — | $ | 723 | $ | 546 | ||||||||
Recognition of uncertain tax liabilities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 130 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Note 1. | Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
General
Guidance Software, Inc. was incorporated in the state of California during 1997 and reincorporated in Delaware on December 11, 2006. Guidance and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as “Guidance,” “we” or the “Company.” Headquartered in Pasadena, California, Guidance is a global provider of software solutions to conduct digital investigations. The Company’s flagship product is EnCase® Enterprise, a comprehensive, network-enabled digital solution that enables corporations and government agencies to search, collect, preserve and analyze data across all of the servers, desktops and laptops that comprise their entire network from a single location. We also sell EnCase® Forensic, primarily for use by law enforcement and government agencies for collecting, preserving, analyzing and authenticating electronic computer forensic data for use in criminal and civil court proceedings. We complement our software offerings with a comprehensive array of professional and training services including technical support and maintenance services to help our customers implement our solutions, conduct investigations and train their IT professionals to effectively and efficiently use our software products.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2007 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 are unaudited. These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial position and results of operations, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 29, 2007.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or (“GAAP”). In the opinion of the Company’s management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s statement of financial position as of June 30, 2007, and its results of operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2006 has been derived from the December 31, 2006 audited financial statements. The interim financial information contained in this quarterly report is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Guidance and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, including those related to bad debts, annual performance based bonus plan, income taxes, commitments, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Concentrations
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities, and accounts receivable. The Company restricts investments in cash and cash equivalents to financial institutions with high credit standing. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held at financial institutions located in California. Accounts at these institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $100,000. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of financial institutions and limits the amount of risk by selecting financial institutions with a strong credit standing. At June 30, 2007, all of the Company’s marketable debt securities were obligations of the U.S. Government. The Company periodically performs credit evaluations of its customers and maintains reserves for potential losses on its accounts receivable.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 does not require new fair value measurements but rather defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure of fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS 157 on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“SFAS 159”).SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (the “fair value option”). Unrealized gains and losses, arising subsequent to adoption, are reported in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is required to adopt SFAS 159 in the first quarter of 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS 159 on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 2. | Net (Loss) Income Per Share |
The Company calculates net (loss) income per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share.” Under SFAS No. 128, basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. For the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, weighted average shares of common stock issuable in connection with stock options of 1,324,000 and 1,717,000, respectively, were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as to do so would have been anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, weighted average shares of common stock issuable in connection with stock options of 1,303,000 and 1,551,000, respectively were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as to do so would have been anti-dilutive.
Note 3. | Deferred Revenues |
The following table summarizes the change in the Company’s deferred revenues during the six month period ended June 30, 2007:
Deferred Product Revenue | Deferred Services & Maintenance Revenue | Total Deferred Revenue | ||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2006 | $ | 9,322 | $ | 10,899 | $ | 20,221 | ||||||
Amounts billed and deferred | 6,009 | 14,461 | 20,420 | |||||||||
Previously deferred amounts recognized as revenue | (4,863 | ) | (12,855 | ) | (17,718 | ) | ||||||
Balance as of June 30, 2007 | $ | 10,486 | $ | 12,505 | $ | 22,973 | ||||||
Note 4. | Debt Obligations |
On January 10, 2007, the Company entered into a fifth amendment to its revolving line of credit lowering the interest rate from Prime Rate minus 0.25% to Prime Rate minus 0.75% and removing the financial covenant limiting the Company’s capital expenditures. On May 1, 2007, the Company entered into a sixth amendment to its revolving line of credit removing certain financial covenants associated with select financial ratios and earnings requirements. The amendment requires the Company to maintain cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of not less than $10 million, and not to allow a cumulative net loss (excluding non-cash share-based compensation) in excess of $4 million during any one fiscal year. As of June 30, 2007, the Company was in compliance with all of its covenants associated with the revolving line of credit.
Note 5. | Leases |
The Company leases certain of its operating facilities under noncancelable operating leases extending through 2015. The Company also leases certain equipment under capital leases extending through 2011. The Company also subleases certain of its facilities to unrelated third parties under non-cancellable operating leases. The present value of the remaining future minimum lease payments is recorded as capital lease obligations in the consolidated balance sheet. The following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments under capital leases, operating leases and future noncancelable sublease income:
Years Ending December 31, (in thousands) | Future Minimum Capital Lease Payments | Future Minimum Operating Lease Payments | Future Non-Cancellable Sublease Income | Net Future Minimum Lease Payments | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
2007 (6 months) | $ | 451 | $ | 1,834 | $ | (68 | ) | $ | 2,217 | |||||
2008 | 604 | 3,751 | (141 | ) | 4,214 | |||||||||
2009 | 106 | 3,637 | (110 | ) | 3,633 | |||||||||
2010 | 10 | 3,585 | — | 3,595 | ||||||||||
2011 | 4 | 3,681 | — | 3,684 | ||||||||||
Thereafter | — | 7,118 | — | 7,118 | ||||||||||
Total | 1,175 | $ | 23,606 | $ | (319 | ) | $ | 24,461 | ||||||
Less amounts representing interest (5.75% - 16.35%) | $ | (96 | ) | |||||||||||
$ | 1,079 | |||||||||||||
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Note 6. | Stock Option Plan and Employee Benefit Plan |
In 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders approved the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). A total of 2,062,000 shares of common stock was initially authorized and reserved for issuance under the Plan in the form of incentive and non-qualified stock options and restricted stock. The Plan was amended in 2005 to increase to 3,977,000 the number of shares available for issuance. On May 3, 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors and its stockholders approved increases in the shares available for issuance under the Plan by an additional 1,127,000 shares on May 3, 2006, an additional 828,000 shares on January 1, 2007, an additional 828,000 shares on January 1, 2008 and an additional 828,000 shares on January 1, 2009. Employees, directors, and consultants are eligible under the Plan, which is administered by the Company’s Board of Directors, who determine the terms and conditions of each grant. The options granted under the Plan generally vest 25% annually over a four-year period and typically must be exercised within 10 years from the date of grant. The Company’s Board of Directors determine the eligibility, vesting schedules and exercise prices (generally fair market value on the date of grant) for stock options.
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity follows:
Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Range of Exercise Price | |||||||
Outstanding, December 31, 2006 | 3,904,000 | $ | 6.26 | $ | 4.54 - $11.90 | ||||
Granted | 327,000 | $ | 12.92 | $ | 12.87 - $12.94 | ||||
Exercised | (494,000 | ) | $ | 4.67 | $ | 4.54 - $11.90 | |||
Canceled or forfeited | (283,000 | ) | $ | 6.53 | $ | 4.54 - $12.94 | |||
Outstanding, June 30, 2007 | 3,454,000 | $ | 7.07 | $ | 4.54 - $12.94 | ||||
A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested shares as of June 30, 2007, and the changes during the six months ended June 30, 2007 is presented below:
Number of Options | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Nonvested options as of December 31, 2006(1) | 2,979,000 | — | ||||
Granted | 327,000 | $ | 8.58 | |||
Vested(1) | (780,000 | ) | — | |||
Forfeited(1) | (283,000 | ) | — | |||
Nonvested options as of June 30, 2007(1) | 2,243,000 | — | ||||
(1) | During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company used the minimum-value method afforded by SFAS No. 123 (“SFAS 123”) “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” for disclosure purposes. Accordingly, fair value information is not available. |
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at June 30, 2007:
Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||
Exercise Price | Number of Options | Weighted Average Remaining Contract Life (Years) | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Intrinsic Value | Number of Options | Weighted Average Remaining Contract Life (Years) | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||
$4.54 | 1,640,000 | 7.32 | $ | 4.54 | $ | 15,678,000 | 978,000 | 7.32 | $ | 4.54 | $ | 9,350,000 | ||||||||
$5.34 | 180,000 | 7.87 | 5.34 | 1,577,000 | 90,000 | 7.87 | 5.34 | 788,000 | ||||||||||||
$6.17 | 121,000 | 8.15 | 6.17 | 960,000 | 30,000 | 8.15 | 6.17 | 238,000 | ||||||||||||
$6.32 | 34,000 | 8.38 | 6.32 | 265,000 | 9,000 | 8.38 | 6.32 | 70,000 | ||||||||||||
$6.37 | 374,000 | 8.65 | 6.37 | 2,891,000 | 93,000 | 8.65 | 6.37 | 719,000 | ||||||||||||
$7.64 | 43,000 | 8.84 | 7.64 | 278,000 | 11,000 | 8.84 | 7.64 | 71,000 | ||||||||||||
$10.75 | 539,000 | 9.08 | 10.75 | 1,806,000 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
$11.90 | 210,000 | 9.36 | 11.90 | 462,000 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
$12.87 | 89,000 | 9.85 | 12.87 | 109,000 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
$12.94 | 224,000 | 9.67 | 12.94 | 260,000 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
3,454,000 | 8.17 | $ | 7.07 | $ | 24,286,000 | 1,211,000 | 7.49 | $ | 4.80 | $ | 11,236,000 | |||||||||
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Options Expected to Vest | ||||||||||
Exercise Price | Number of Options | Weighted Average Remaining Contract Life (Years) | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Intrinsic Value | ||||||
$ 4.54 | 558,000 | 7.32 | $ | 4.54 | $ | 5,335,000 | ||||
$ 5.34 | 76,000 | 7.87 | 5.34 | 665,000 | ||||||
$ 6.17 | 77,000 | 8.15 | 6.17 | 608,000 | ||||||
$ 6.32 | 21,000 | 8.38 | 6.32 | 164,000 | ||||||
$ 6.37 | 237,000 | 8.65 | 6.37 | 1,831,000 | ||||||
$ 7.64 | 27,000 | 8.84 | 7.64 | 174,000 | ||||||
$10.75 | 454,000 | 9.08 | 10.75 | 1,522,000 | ||||||
$11.90 | 177,000 | 9.36 | 11.90 | 389,000 | ||||||
$12.87 | 75,000 | 9.85 | 12.87 | 92,000 | ||||||
$12.94 | 189,000 | 9.67 | 12.94 | 219,000 | ||||||
1,891,000 | 8.51 | $ | 8.22 | $ | 10,999,000 | |||||
The Company defines in-the-money options at June 30, 2007 as options that had exercise prices that were lower than the $14.10 fair market value of its common stock at that date. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at June 30, 2007 is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the fair market value of the Company’s common stock for the 3,454,000 shares that were in-the-money at that date. There were 1,211,000 in-the-money options exercisable at June 30, 2007. The total intrinsic value of the options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2007 was $ 4,232,000, determined as of the date of exercise. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company recorded share-based compensation of $1,365,000 related to stock options.
A total of 1,583,000 options remain available for grant under the Company’s Plan at June 30, 2007.
In February 2007, the Company granted approximately 40,000 restricted shares to certain executives and employees under the Plan. The restricted shares vested in May 2007. The Company recorded $535,000 of share-based compensation during the three month period ended June 30, 2007 related to the restricted shares.
In June 2007, under the terms of an employment agreement and a separation agreement with one of its executives, the Company accelerated vesting of options held by the former executive permitting him to purchase up to 23,509 of previously unvested shares of the Company’s common stock within 30 days of termination. The modification of the award resulted in $192,000 in compensation expense during the quarter ended June 30, 2007.
Note 7. | Share-Based Compensation |
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company accounted for the stock options granted under the Plan by applying the intrinsic value-based method of accounting prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (“APB 25”), “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”. Under this method, compensation expense is generally recorded over the vesting period, only if the fair value of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price on the grant date. The Company adopted the disclosure-only requirements of SFAS No. 123 (“SFAS 123”) “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” and SFAS No. 148 (“SFAS 148”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure—an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123.” These statements established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair value-based method of accounting for share-based employee compensation plans. As allowed by SFAS 123 and SFAS 148, the Company elected to continue to apply the intrinsic value-based method described above. Accordingly, no share-based compensation for stock options is recorded in the accompanying financial statements prior to January 1, 2006, as the fair-value of the underlying stock did not exceed the exercise price of the options at the date of grant.
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Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123R (“SFAS 123R”) “Share-Based Payment.” Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company used the minimum-value method afforded by SFAS 123 for disclosure purposes; therefore, as prescribed by SFAS 123R, the Company adopted SFAS 123R using the prospective transition method. Accordingly, prior period amounts have not been restated. Under this transition method, compensation cost in 2006 includes the portion related to options vesting in the period for (1) all share-based payments granted prior to, but not vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date intrinsic value of the option estimated in accordance with the provisions of APB 25 and (2) all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. However, as described above, no share-based compensation was recorded related to options granted prior to January 1, 2006, as the fair-value of the underlying stock did not exceed the exercise price of the options at the date of grant.
The fair values of each award granted under the Plan during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007 were estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the following weighted average assumptions:
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||
Risk-free interest rate | 5.04 | % | 4.51 | % | 4.64 | % | 4.51 | % | ||||
Dividend yield | — | % | — | % | — | % | — | % | ||||
Expected life (years) | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | ||||||||
Volatility | 72.4 | % | 68.2 | % | 71.2 | % | 69.0 | % |
In March 2005, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic No. 107 (“SAB 107”) which provides guidance on the implementation of SFAS 123R. The Company applied the principles of SAB 107 in conjunction with its adoption of SFAS 123R. The volatility of the Company’s common stock is estimated at the date of grant based on the equally weighted-average of the implied volatility of publicly traded 30-day to 270-day options on the common stock of a select peer group of similar companies (“Similar Companies”) and the historical volatility of the common stock of Similar Companies, consistent with the requirements of SFAS 123R and SAB 107. The risk-free interest rate that was used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model is based on the implied yield in effect at the time of each option grant, based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with equivalent remaining terms. Management uses an expected dividend yield of zero in the Black-Scholes option valuation model, as it has no intention to pay any cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. SFAS 123R requires management to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Management uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and records share-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. The Company amortizes share-based compensation on a straight-line basis. All options are amortized over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. The expected term of stock option awards granted was calculated using the “simplified method” as defined by SAB 107 as the Company lacks historical data and is unable to make reasonable expectations regarding the future. The weighted average estimated grant date fair value for options granted under the Company’s stock option plan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007 were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||
Weighted average fair value | $ | 6.07 | $ | 8.50 | $ | 5.14 | $ | 8.58 |
As of June 30, 2007, there was $6.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.25 years.
Note 8. | Income Taxes |
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), on January 1, 2007. As a result of the adoption of FIN 48, the Company performed a Comprehensive
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review of its uncertain tax positions in accordance with the standards established by FIN 48. In this regard, an uncertain tax position represents the Company’s expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. As a result of this review, the Company recorded uncertain tax positions by recognizing additional liabilities totaling $130,000 through a charge to accumulated deficit. The liability for uncertain tax positions is recorded in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2007. If the Company’s positions are sustained by the taxing authorities in favor of the Company, amounts previously recorded as liabilities would reduce the Company’s income tax provision in the period the tax position is sustained. The Company does not expect material changes to the estimated amount of liability associated with its uncertain tax positions through June 30, 2008.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision. Interest and penalties are computed based upon the difference between the Company’s uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 and the amount deducted or expected to be deducted in the Company’s tax returns. As of June 30, 2007, amounts accrued for interest and penalties were insignificant.
During the three month period ended June 30, 2007, there were no material changes to the liability for uncertain tax positions.
In assessing the realizability of the net deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends upon either the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible or the carryback of losses to recover income taxes previously paid during the carryback period. As of June 30, 2007, the Company has provided a valuation allowance to reduce net deferred tax assets to zero.
Note 9. | Contingencies |
Federal Trade Commission Inquiry
In early January 2006, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) commenced an inquiry into a network security breach at the Company. The Company recorded an accrual of $500,000 with an offsetting charge to general and administrative expense as of and for the year ended December 31, 2005. On September 20, 2006, we executed a consent decree proposed by the FTC that requires, among other activities, that we provide biennial third-party assessments of our information technology security for a period of 10 years. As of June 30, 2007, an immaterial amount remains accrued.
In addition, several customers who were notified of the security breach have sought compensation, which in each case has been satisfied by payment of amounts that are not material to the Company, and one customer has commenced litigation, which was dismissed by a federal court and subsequently settled with the customer for an insignificant amount. Additionally, we have paid approximately $11,500 in fines to credit card processing companies through June 30, 2007.
Legal Matters
We are from time to time a party to legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of business. We are not currently involved in any litigation, the outcome of which would, in management’s judgment based on information currently available, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, nor is management aware of any such litigation threatened against us.
Note 10. | Segment Information |
The Company has adopted SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.” This standard requires segmentation based on the Company’s internal organization and reporting of revenue and other performance measures. The Company’s segments are designed to allocate resources internally and provide a framework to determine management responsibility. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer. The Company has four operating segments. The types of products and services provided by each segment are summarized below:
• | Products segment—includes EnCase® Enterprise Software, EnCase® Forensic Software, Premium License Support Program, and hardware sales. |
• | Professional services segment—is our division that performs consulting services and implementations. Consulting services include conducting investigations using our software products. |
• | Training segment—is our division that provides in-house training classes in which we train our customers to effectively and efficiently use our software products. |
• | Maintenance segment—Maintenance related revenue and costs. |
We refer to the revenue generated by our professional services and training segments, collectively, as services revenue. We refer to the revenue generated by our training segment as training revenue. We refer to the revenue generated by our maintenance segment as maintenance revenue.
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Currently, the Company does not separately allocate operating expenses to these segments, nor does it allocate specific assets to these segments. Therefore, the segment information reported includes only revenues, cost of revenues and gross profit. The following tables present the operations by each operating segment:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
Product | Professional Services | Training | Maintenance & Other | Total | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 6,953 | $ | 2,372 | $ | 2,045 | $ | 1,503 | $ | 12,873 | ||||||
Cost of revenues | 547 | 1,644 | 1,126 | 369 | 3,686 | |||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 6,406 | $ | 728 | $ | 919 | $ | 1,134 | 9,187 | |||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | 6,434 | |||||||||||||||
Research and development | 1,734 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 1,762 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 432 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 10,362 | |||||||||||||||
Operating loss | (1,175 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Interest income | 12 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (12 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | 35 | |||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | $ | (1,140 | ) | |||||||||||||
Three Months Ended June 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Product | Professional Services | Training | Maintenance & Other | Total | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 10,293 | $ | 2,968 | $ | 2,547 | $ | 2,726 | $ | 18,534 | ||||||
Cost of revenues | 656 | 2,781 | 1,474 | 448 | 5,359 | |||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 9,637 | $ | 187 | $ | 1,073 | $ | 2,278 | 13,175 | |||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | 8,036 | |||||||||||||||
Research and development | 2,195 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 3,478 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 816 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 14,525 | |||||||||||||||
Operating loss | (1,350 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Interest income | 374 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (22 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | 57 | |||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | $ | (966 | ) | |||||||||||||
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
Product | Professional Services | Training | Maintenance & Other | Total | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 13,156 | $ | 4,204 | $ | 3,438 | $ | 3,246 | $ | 24,044 | ||||||
Cost of revenues | 1,024 | 2,978 | 2,190 | 579 | 6,771 | |||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 12,132 | $ | 1,226 | $ | 1,248 | $ | 2,667 | 17,273 | |||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | 11,542 | |||||||||||||||
Research and development | 3,186 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 3,473 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 792 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 18,993 | |||||||||||||||
Operating loss | (1,720 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Interest income | 38 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (21 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | 69 | |||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | $ | (1,634 | ) | |||||||||||||
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Six Months Ended June 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Product | Professional Services | Training | Maintenance & Other | Total | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 20,381 | $ | 5,663 | $ | 5,091 | $ | 4,995 | $ | 36,130 | ||||||
Cost of revenues | 1,401 | 5,538 | 2,808 | 870 | 10,617 | |||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 18,980 | $ | 125 | $ | 2,283 | $ | 4,125 | 25,513 | |||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | 16,728 | |||||||||||||||
Research and development | 4,243 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 6,568 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,515 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 29,054 | |||||||||||||||
Operating loss | (3,451 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Interest income | 732 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (54 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | 91 | |||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | $ | (2,772 | ) | |||||||||||||
Revenue, classified by the major geographic areas in which the Company operates, is as follows:
Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Revenues | ||||||
U.S. | $ | 17,932 | $ | 27,294 | ||
Europe | 3,256 | 4,966 | ||||
Asia | 1,132 | 2,084 | ||||
Other | 1,724 | 1,786 | ||||
$ | 24,044 | $ | 36,130 | |||
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” or in other parts of this Quarterly Report.
Overview
We develop and provide the leading software for digital investigations, including EnCase® Enterprise, a network-enabled product primarily for corporations and government agencies, and EnCase® Forensic, a desktop-based product primarily for law enforcement agencies. We were incorporated and commenced operations in 1997. From 1997 through 2002, we generated a substantial portion of our revenues from the sale of our EnCase® Forensic products and related services. Between 2003 and 2007, after the release of our EnCase® Enterprise products and related services, our revenues were driven by the sales of both our EnCase® Forensic products and our EnCase® Enterprise products and related services.
We have experienced increases in our revenue as a result of the release of our EnCase® Enterprise products in late 2002, which expanded our customer base into corporate enterprises and federal government agencies. In addition, the release of our Information Assurance and eDiscovery Suite in late 2005 and Information Assurance Suite in late 2006 has increased our average transaction size. We anticipate that sales of our EnCase® Enterprise products and related services, in particular our eDiscovery Suite and Information Assurance Suite, will comprise a substantial portion of our future revenues.
Sources of Revenues
Product Revenue
We generate product revenue principally from sales of our EnCase® Enterprise and EnCase® Forensic products. Substantially all of the EnCase® Enterprise and EnCase® Forensic license agreements that we have entered into are perpetual in license term. In conjunction with our EnCase® Forensic software, we also sell our Premium License Support Program product, which is sold on a subscription basis for a term of several years. In addition, we resell certain forensic hardware and our FastBloc® hardware.
Services and Maintenance Revenue
Services revenue is comprised of revenue from professional services and training. Professional services is comprised of consulting services and implementation services. Consulting services are typically billed on a per hour or per disk drive basis or are provided under fixed fee arrangements depending on the scope and size of each individual project. Implementation services are generally included with the purchase of a software license. Training services include a broad range of training course offerings on the general principals of computer forensics and how to conduct digital investigations and use our EnCase® software products. Training services can either be billed on a per person, per class basis, or on an annual subscription basis.
Maintenance services represent technical support services for our software solutions and include the right to unspecified product upgrades on a when-and-if available basis. Maintenance services are generally included in the sale of a perpetual license and typically are provided for a period of one year. Upon the expiration of our maintenance contracts, our customers have the right to purchase maintenance contract renewals, which generally cover a period of one year. We also offer maintenance contract purchase and renewal options for up to a three-year period.
Cost of Revenues and Operating Expenses
Cost of Revenues
Cost of product revenue consists principally of compensation and related overhead expenses for employees engaged in the distribution of our products, and the cost of producing and shipping our software, including the cost of compact discs, packaging and freight, and our FastBloc® hardware. Cost of services and maintenance revenue consists of customer support costs, training expenses and professional services expenses, including compensation and related overhead expenses. In addition, the cost of outsourcing certain services work and our maintenance renewal service is included in cost of services. Cost of revenues in 2006 and 2007 also includes share-based compensation allocable to production and service personnel.
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Selling and Marketing
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of base compensation and related overhead expenses for employees engaged in selling and marketing. Selling and marketing expenses also include sales commissions and expenses relating to advertising, brand building, marketing and trade show events (net of amounts received from sponsors and participants), product management, travel and allocated overhead. Selling and marketing expenses in 2006 and 2007 also include share-based compensation allocable to selling and marketing personnel.
Although we expense our sales commissions at the time the related sale is invoiced to the client, revenues from our EnCase® Forensic product, Premium License Support Program and consulting, maintenance and implementation are recognized over the relevant performance or license period. Accordingly, we generally experience a delay between increased selling and marketing expenses and the recognition of a portion of the corresponding revenue.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related overhead expenses for research and development personnel, translation fees, quality assurance and testing. Research and development expenses in 2006 and 2007 also include share-based compensation allocable to research and development personnel.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense consists of compensation and related overhead expenses for personnel engaged in the accounting, legal, information systems, human resources and other administrative functions. In addition, general and administrative expense includes professional service fees, other corporate expenses and related overhead. General and administrative expenses in 2006 and 2007 also include share-based compensation allocable to general and administrative personnel.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses consist of depreciation and amortization of our leasehold improvements, furniture and computer equipment.
Income Tax Provision
Our income tax provision consists of expenses related to the taxable income incurred based on our tax rate as an S Corporation. We filed an election to revoke our S Corporation status on December 11, 2006. From and after the revocation of our S Corporation status, we have been treated for federal and state income tax purposes as a C Corporation and, as a result, are subject to state and federal corporate income taxes.
Share-Based Compensation
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123R (“SFAS 123R”) “Share-Based Payment.” Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, we used the minimum-value method afforded by the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123 (“SFAS 123”) “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” for disclosure purposes; therefore, as prescribed by SFAS 123R, we adopted SFAS 123R using the prospective transition method. Accordingly, prior period amounts have not been restated. Under this transition method, compensation cost for options granted prior to January 1, 2006 that vest after that date will continue to be accounted for based on the grant date intrinsic value of the option estimated in accordance with the provisions of APB 25. Since all of these options were granted at exercise prices that were equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of the grant, we will not recognize share-based compensation expense as these options continue to vest. All share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006 will be accounted for based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. The fair market value of a share-based payment is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period.
Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for the stock options granted under our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan by applying the intrinsic value-based method of accounting prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (“APB 25”), “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.” Under this method, compensation expense is generally recorded only if the fair value of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price on the date of grant. We adopted the disclosure-only requirement of the SFAS123 and SFAS No. 148 (“SFAS 148”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure—an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123.” These statements established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair value-based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation plans. As allowed by SFAS 123 and SFAS 148, we elected to continue to apply the intrinsic value-based method described above for stock options granted prior to January 1, 2006. Accordingly, no share-based compensation for stock options is recorded in the accompanying financial statements prior to January 1, 2006, as the fair-value of the underlying stock did not exceed the exercise price of the options at the dates of grant.
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Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
There are a number of trends that may affect our business and our industry. Some of these trends or other factors include:
• | Legislative and Regulatory Developments. Our digital investigation solutions allow law enforcement agencies, government organizations and corporations to conduct investigations within the legal and regulatory framework. Historically, the implementation of new laws and regulations surrounding digital investigations has helped create demand for our products. Future changes in applicable laws or regulations could enhance or detract from the desirability of our products. |
• | Information Technology Budgets. Deployment of our solutions may require a substantial capital expenditure by our customers. Budgets for information technology-related capital expenditures at corporations and all levels of government organizations are typically cyclical in nature, with generally higher budgets in times of improving economic conditions and lower budgets in times of economic slowdowns. |
• | Law Enforcement Agency Budgets. We sell our EnCase® Forensic products primarily to law enforcement agencies. Because of the limited nature of law enforcement budgets, funds are typically initially allocated toward solving issues perceived to be the most pressing. Sales of our products could be impacted by changes in the budgets of law enforcement agencies or in the relative priority assigned to digital law enforcement investigations. |
• | Number of Hacking Incidents and Spread of Malicious Software. The increasing sophistication of hacking attacks on government and private networks and the global spread of malicious software, such as viruses, worms and rootkits, have increased the focus of corporations and large government organizations on digital investigations and other aspects of network security, which has, in turn, increased demand for our products. Future changes in the number and severity of such attacks or the spread of malicious software could have an effect on the demand for our products. |
• | Seasonality in Revenues. We experience seasonality in our revenues, with the third and fourth quarters typically having the highest revenues for the year. We believe that this seasonality results primarily from our customers’ budgeting cycles. The federal government budget year ends in the third calendar quarter of the year and a majority of corporate budget years end in the fourth calendar quarter of the year. In addition, our customers also tend to make software purchases near the end of a particular quarter, which tends to make our revenues for a particular period unpredictable for a significant portion of the period in question until software purchase decisions have been made and license agreements have been entered into. We expect that this seasonality within a particular year and unpredictability within a particular quarterly period will continue for the foreseeable future. |
Prior S Corporation Status
From our incorporation through September 1998, we were treated as a “C Corporation” under Subchapter C of the Code. In October 1998, we elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as an “S Corporation” under Subchapter S of the Code. In addition, we also elected or may have been otherwise treated as an S Corporation for certain state tax purposes. We filed an election to revoke our S Corporation status on December 11, 2006. From and after the termination of our S Corporation status, we have been treated for federal and state income tax purposes as a C Corporation under Subchapter C of the Code and, as a result, we are subject to state and federal corporate income taxes.
We have entered into a tax matters agreement with our existing pre-IPO S Corporate stockholders to which we have agreed, among other things, to indemnify and hold harmless our existing pre-IPO S Corporation stockholders in certain circumstances for increases in their tax liability for the periods during which we were an S Corporation.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected statements of operations data for each of the periods indicated expressed as a percentage of total revenues:
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||
Product revenue | 54.0 | % | 55.5 | % | 54.7 | % | 56.4 | % | ||||
Services and maintenance revenue | 46.0 | 44.5 | 45.3 | 43.6 | ||||||||
Total revenues | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues: | ||||||||||||
Cost of product revenue | 4.2 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.9 | ||||||||
Cost of services and maintenance revenue | 24.4 | 25.4 | 23.9 | 25.5 | ||||||||
Total cost of revenues | 28.6 | 28.9 | 28.2 | 29.4 | ||||||||
Gross profit | 71.4 | 71.1 | 71.8 | 70.6 | ||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
Selling and marketing | 50.0 | 43.4 | 48.0 | 46.3 | ||||||||
Research and development | 13.5 | 11.8 | 13.3 | 11.7 | ||||||||
General and administrative | 13.7 | 18.8 | 14.4 | 18.2 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3.4 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 80.5 | 78.4 | 79.0 | 80.4 | ||||||||
Operating loss | (9.1 | ) | (7.3 | ) | (7.2 | ) | (9.8 | ) | ||||
Other income and expense: | ||||||||||||
Interest income | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 2.0 | ||||||||
Interest expense | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | ||||
Other income, net | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (8.9 | ) | (5.1 | ) | (6.8 | ) | (7.7 | ) | ||||
Income tax provision | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | ||||||||
Net loss | (8.9 | )% | (5.2 | )% | (6.8 | )% | (7.8 | )% | ||||
The following table sets forth share-based compensation expense recorded in each of the respective periods:
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||
Non-cash Share Based Compensation Data(1): | ||||||||||||
Cost of product revenue | $ | 1 | $ | 23 | $ | 1 | $ | 46 | ||||
Cost of services and maintenance revenue | 26 | 167 | 37 | 331 | ||||||||
Selling and marketing | 56 | 420 | 76 | 663 | ||||||||
Research and development | 11 | 122 | 14 | 253 | ||||||||
General and administrative | 66 | 280 | 94 | 607 | ||||||||
Total non-cash share based compensation | $ | 160 | $ | 1,012 | $ | 222 | $ | 1,900 | ||||
(1) | Non-cash share based compensation recorded in the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2007 relates to stock options and restricted stock granted to employees measured under the fair value method. See Notes 6 and 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. |
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Comparison of Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2007 and 2006
Revenues
Revenues were $18.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $12.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $5.6 million or 44.0%.
Product revenue was $10.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $3.3 million or 48.0%. Revenues generated from EnCase® Enterprise increased to $7.4 million in three months ended June 30, 2007 from $3.6 million in three months ended June 30, 2006 and was the primary reason for the increase in our product revenues. We were able to generate these increases as a result of increased selling and marketing efforts, and a significant increase in head count of commissioned sales personnel in late 2006. The first two quarters of each fiscal year is typically our period of lowest product sales due to the seasonal budgetary cycles of our customers. The third quarter is typically the strongest sales quarter to our federal government customers. Typically, sales to our corporate customers are highest in the fourth quarter.
Service revenue was $8.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $5.9 million for the same period one year prior, an increase of $2.3 million, or 39.2%. Revenues generated by our professional services division increased $0.6 million due to increasing case work of our service professionals. Training revenues increased by $0.5 million as the result of increases in off-site training and the introduction of the annual training pass. The annual training pass allows for students to attend and unlimited number of training classes for a fixed annual fee. Furthermore, as our installed base continues to grow, the number of customers interested in training on our products also grows. This growth positively impacts revenues generated by training. Maintenance and other revenues increased from $1.5 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2006 to $2.7 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2007. This increase is due to the an overall increase in the customers who carry maintenance on our products during the three month period ended June 30, 2007 compared to the same period one year prior.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $5.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $3.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $1.7 million or 45.4%. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues decreased to 71.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared with 71.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2006.
Cost of product revenue was $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $0.2 million or 40.0%. The increase in cost of product revenue was primarily due to increases in costs associated with shipping and exporting our products. These costs were higher for the three months ended June 30, 2007 because the number of shipments made to customers increased from the same period one year prior. Product gross margin was 93.6% and 92.1%, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006.
Cost of services and maintenance revenue was $4.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $3.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $1.6 million or 49.8%. An increase in compensation expense of $0.7 million was the primary reason for the increase in cost of services. This increase is the result of an increase in the headcount in our professional services and training divisions. In addition, increases in corporate allocations for benefits and facilities of $0.4 million also contributed to the overall increase in cost of services. Increases in travel, entertainment, and other costs of services increased $0.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2007 as compared to the same period one year prior. The costs associated with our third-party maintenance renewal vendor increased by approximately $0.2 as a result of increased maintenance bookings. Services and maintenance gross margin was 42.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to 47.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2006. The decrease in services and maintenance gross margin was partially due to the hiring of new professional services personnel to meet the increase in demand for our services and increased share-based compensation of $0.1 million. In addition, the increase in costs of our third-party maintenance renewal vendor has the short-term impact of reducing our margins because the entire cost of the renewal is recorded in the period in which we receive the renewal, but the corresponding revenue is deferred over the maintenance period.
Selling and Marketing
Selling and marketing expenses increased to $8.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $6.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $1.6 million or 24.9%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in selling and marketing compensation expense for marketing personnel and commissioned sales representatives of $2.6 million, including $0.4 million in share based compensation, partially offset by a decrease in travel and entertainment expense of $0.1 million. In addition, facilities costs and other overhead costs associated with selling and marketing activities increased by $0.2 million. General marketing promotions spending decreased $1.0 million due to reduction in public relations and event/trade show net costs. Selling and marketing head count increased from 90 to 130 at the respective period ends. Selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased to 43.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2007 from 50.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2006.
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Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $0.5 million or 26.6%. Research and development compensation expense increased $0.2 million due to an increase in research and development personnel from 46 to 59 at the respective period ends. The increase in personnel is the result of our efforts to develop new product offerings, continue developing existing products and improve quality assurance. In addition, facilities costs and other overhead costs increased by $0.3 million. Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2007 decreased to 11.8% compared to 13.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2006 as a result of increases in revenue exceeding increases in research and development.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased to $3.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $1.7 million or 97.4%. The increase was attributable to an increase in general and administrative compensation expense of $1.1 million due to increases in personnel. This increase includes $0.2 million of share-based compensation. Costs of insurance and business taxes and licenses increased $0.3 million during the three month period ended June 30, 2007 compared to the same period one year prior. Professional services related to tax, audit, and legal counsel also increased $0.1 million during the three month period ended June 30, 2007. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 18.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to 13.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2006 as the compliance costs of operating as a public company progress.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $0.4 million, or 88.9%. The primary reason for the increase in depreciation and amortization expense is new offices that were opened in the United States and the United Kingdom during 2006. We have invested in leasehold improvements, networks and phone equipment to allow these remote offices to safely access our corporate network. Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 4.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2007 compared to 3.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2006.
Interest Income and Interest Expense
Interest income increased to $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 with no comparable amount for the three months ended June 30, 2006. The increase in interest income is due to the proceeds received from the initial public offering in December 2006.
Income Tax Provision
There was no significant change in the income tax provision during the three months ended June 30, 2007 as compared to the same period one year prior.
Comparison of Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2007 and 2006
Revenues
Revenues were $36.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $24.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $12.1 million or 50.3%.
Product revenue was $20.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $13.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $7.2 million or 54.9%. Revenues generated from EnCase® Enterprise and related Enterprise Suites increased to $14.8 million in six months ended June 30, 2007 from $6.9 million in six months ended June 30, 2006 and was the primary reason for the increase in our product revenues. These increases resulted from increased selling and marketing efforts and a significant increase in head count of commissioned sales personnel in 2006.
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Service revenue was $15.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $10.9 million for the same period one year prior, an increase of $4.9 million, or 44.6%. Revenues generated by our professional services division increased $1.4 million due to increasing case work of our professionals. Training revenues increased by $1.6 million as we have opened additional training facilities. Furthermore, as our installed base continues to grow, the number of customers requiring training on our products also grows. This growth positively impacts revenues generated by training. Maintenance and other revenues increased from $3.2 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2006 to $5.0 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2007. This increase is due to the an overall increase in the customers who carry maintenance on our products during the six month period ended June 30, 2007 compared to the same period one year prior.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $10.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $3.8 million or 56.8%. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues decreased to 70.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared with 71.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Cost of product revenue was $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $0.4 million or 36.8%. The increase in cost of product revenue was primarily due to increases in costs associated with shipping and exporting our products. These costs were higher for the six months ended June 30, 2007 because the number of shipments made to customers increased from the same period one year prior. Product gross margin was 93.1% and 92.2%, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006.
Cost of services and maintenance revenue was $9.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $3.5 million or 60.4%. Compensation expense increased $1.7 million and travel related expenses increased $0.5 million. In addition, corporate allocations for benefits and facilities costs increased by $0.8 million. The costs associated with our third-party maintenance renewal vendor increased by approximately $0.3 million as a result of increased maintenance bookings. Services and maintenance gross margin was 41.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to 47.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2006. The decrease in services and maintenance gross margin was due to the hiring of new professional services personnel during late 2006 to meet the increased demand for our services. In addition, the increase in costs of our third-party maintenance renewal vendor has the short-term impact of reducing our margins as the entire cost of the renewal is recorded in the period in which we receive the renewal, but the corresponding revenue is deferred over the maintenance period.
Selling and Marketing
Selling and marketing expenses increased to $16.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $11.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $5.2 million or 44.9%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in selling and marketing compensation expense for marketing personnel and commissioned sales representatives of $5.1 million, which includes $0.6 million in share-based compensation. Overhead allocations associated with new facilities and employee benefits increased by $0.9 million. General marketing promotions spending decreased $0.8 million due to reduction in event and trade show activity and an increase in proceeds generated from our annual user conference. Selling and marketing head count increased from 90 to 130 at the respective period ends. Selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased to 46.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2007 from 48.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased to $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $1.0 million or 33.2%. Research and development compensation expense increased $0.4 million due to an increase in research and development personnel from 46 to 59 at the respective period ends. The increase in personnel is the result of our efforts to develop new product offerings, continue developing existing products and improve quality assurance. In addition, facilities, equipment and overhead costs increased by $0.8 million. Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2007 decreased to 11.7% compared to 13.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2006 as a result of increases in revenue exceeding increases in research and development expenses.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased to $6.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $3.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $3.1 million or 89.1%. The increase was attributable to an increase in general and administrative compensation expense of $2.0 million due to increases in personnel. Expenses related to professional services increased $0.8 million. This increase is due to our successful initial public offering, and the need for ongoing professional expertise associated with tax compliance, audit, legal, and consultation for our implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 18.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to 14.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
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Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, an increase of $.7 million, or 91.3%. The primary reason for the increase in depreciation and amortization expense is the opening of new offices within the United States and abroad. In addition, we have invested in leasehold improvements, networks and phone equipment to allow these remote offices to safely access our corporate network. Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 4.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared to 3.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Interest Income and Interest Expense
Interest income increased to $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 with no comparable amount for the six months ended June 30, 2006. The increase in interest income is due to the proceeds received from the initial public offering in December 2006.
Income Tax Provision
There was no significant change in the income tax provision during the six months ended June 30, 2007 as compared to the same period one year prior.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have largely financed our operations from our cash flow from operations. In December 2006, we issued and sold 3,250,000 primary shares of our common stock at $11.50 per share, for net proceeds of $34.8 million in our initial public offering. As of June 30, 2007, we had $7.1 million in cash and cash equivalents. In addition, we had $24.7 million in short term marketable debt securities.
We derive cash from operations primarily from cash collected upon the sale of our products and related services. Net cash provided by operating activities was $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared with net cash used in operations of $0.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2006. The increase in cash provided by operations principally reflects an increase in cash collected from customers due to increased sales of existing products as well as new offerings, including the release of EnCase® Forensic Version 6 late in December 2006. Seasonally, the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year are our strongest quarters for cash collections, which is a function of our revenue seasonality. Furthermore, during the six-month period ended June 30, 2006, cash used in operations was primarily due to an overall increase in cash payments for employee compensation and increases in prepaid assets, inventory, and other current assets.
Net cash used in investing activities was $4.6 million and $1.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in net cash used in investing activities is primarily due to capital expenditures of approximately $4.6 million for the purchase of new computer equipment and the construction and build-out of new office facilities in Pasadena, CA, New York, NY, and Rosemont, IL, compared with $1.6 million in capital expenditures during the same period one year prior. During the six month period ended June 30, 2007, $49.4 million of United States Treasury Bills (“T-Bills”) matured and were re-invested in new short-term Government Securities.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007 compared with net cash used in financing activities of $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities was due to proceeds from the exercise of stock options in the amount of $2.3 million during the six month period ended June 30, 2007 compared to $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006. In addition, we made a cash distribution to the shareholders to cover S corporation taxable earnings in the amount of $1.7 million during the six month period ended June 30, 2006 for which no corresponding payment was made in the current year. During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company paid $0.4 million in cash for expenses related to our initial public offering. For the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company paid $0.2 million in cash for expenses related to our initial public offering. In each of the periods, the Company made payments to fund capital lease obligations.
We maintain a $3.0 million line of credit with a bank. This line of credit terminates on October 31, 2007. At June 30, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding against this line. This line requires we maintain certain financial covenants. On May 1, 2007, we entered into a sixth amendment to our credit facility which removed the financial ratios and earnings requirements. The amendment requires the Company to maintain cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of not less than $10 million, and not allow a cumulative net loss (excluding non-cash shareholder compensation) in excess of $4.0 million during any one fiscal year. At June 30, 2007, we were in compliance with the covenants associated with the revolving line of credit.
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Contractual Obligations
At June 30, 2007, our outstanding contractual cash commitments were limited to our non-cancelable lease obligations, primarily relating to real estate. As part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, we previously reported in Part II,Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial condition and Results of Operations, that our contractual obligation for these non-cancelable lease obligations as of December 31, 2006 were approximately $22.6 million, of which $3.8 million was due during fiscal year 2007. We entered into new office leases during the six month period ended June 30, 2007 which increased our total contractual cash commitments by $3.7 million. Furthermore, these additional leases increased the amount of cash payments due within fiscal year 2007 by $0.4 million.
We adopted FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” as of January 1, 2007. As of adoption, the total amount of tax positions that we have determined to be uncertain was $0.1 million. The timing of payments for this obligation will depend on the progress of examinations, if any, with the taxing authorities. We do not expect a significant tax payment related to these obligations within the next year. The liability as of June 30, 2007 was not materially different from the liability at the date of adoption.
At June 30, 2007, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, special-purpose, or variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we did not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventories, investments, income taxes, commitments, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We consider the following accounting policies to be both those most important to the portrayal of our results of operations and financial condition and those that require the most subjective judgment:
• | revenue recognition; |
• | commitments and contingencies; |
• | allowance for doubtful accounts; and |
• | accounting for taxes |
Revenue Recognition
We apply the provisions of SOP 97-2 and related interpretations. For arrangements that contain a non-software deliverable such as hardware, we apply the provisions of Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 03-05 “Applicability of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to Non-Software Deliverables in an Arrangement Containing More-Than-Incidental Software” and recognize revenue when all other revenue recognition criteria are met. While these statements govern the basis for revenue recognition, significant judgment and the use of estimates are required in connection with the allocation of revenue between product revenue and services and maintenance revenue, as well as the amount of deferred revenue to be recognized in each accounting period.
Product Revenue. The timing of product revenue recognition is dependent on the nature of the product sold. Product arrangements comprising multiple deliverables including software and hardware are generally categorized into one of the following:
• | EnCase® Enterprise Edition. Revenue associated with these arrangements, exclusive of amounts allocated to maintenance and other undelivered elements for which we have vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value, is recognized upon delivery, provided that all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met. |
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• | EnCase® Forensic Edition Solutions. Prior to 2005, the entire arrangement fee from governmental agencies and corporate customers was recognized as revenue ratably over the longer of the contractual maintenance period (12 months) or the implied maintenance period (approximately 12-25 months) because VSOE of fair value of the maintenance element did not exist. Beginning in early 2005, based on substantive renewal provisions, we established VSOE of the fair value of the maintenance element for solutions sold to corporate customers. Accordingly, beginning with the release of EnCase® Forensic Edition Version 5, revenue from corporate customers, exclusive of amounts allocated to maintenance, for which we have VSOE of fair value, is recognized upon delivery, provided that all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met. We allocate EnCase® Forensic Edition revenue to government customers, which continues to be recognized ratably, between product and services and maintenance based on our estimated fair value of the services and maintenance portion of the EnCase® Forensic Edition revenue. |
• | Premium License Support Program Solutions. The Premium License Support Program is a subscription arrangement entitling the customer to receive unspecified future products and post-contract customer support for a period of several years. Revenue resulting from Premium License Support Program arrangements is recognized ratably over the contractual period beginning with the delivery of the first product. |
• | Neutrino. The Neutrino mobile device forensics product is a subscription arrangement which entitles the customer to receive unspecified future hardware and software products and post-contract support for a period of one year. Revenue generated from these arrangements are recognized ratably over the contractual period of one year. |
• | Hardware. Revenue associated with the sale of FastBloc® hardware and other hardware is recognized upon shipment to the customer, provided (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) title and risk of ownership has passed to the buyer, (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable and (iv) collection is deemed probable. |
Services and Maintenance Revenue. Services and maintenance revenue consists of professional services, training, and maintenance. Revenue from these services is recognized as the services are provided.
Revenue related to technical support and software updates on a when-and-if available basis, which we refer to as maintenance revenue, is also included in services and maintenance revenue. We recognize all maintenance revenue ratably over the applicable maintenance period. We determine the amount of maintenance revenue to be deferred through reference to substantive maintenance renewal provisions contained in the maintenance agreement. We consider substantive maintenance provisions to be provisions in which the cost of the maintenance renewal, stated in the contract with our customer as a percentage of the product fee, is comparable to the normal pricing for maintenance only renewals.
Revenue Recognition Criteria. We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the element has been delivered, the fee is fixed or determinable and collection of the resulting receivable is probable. A discussion about these revenue recognition criteria and their applicability to our transactions follows:
• | Persuasive evidence of an arrangement. We either enter into contracts or receive written purchase orders issued by the customer that legally bind us and the customer as evidence of an arrangement. |
• | Product delivery. We deem delivery of product to have occurred when the title and risk of ownership has passed to the buyer. Services revenue is recognized as services are delivered. |
• | Fixed or determinable fee. We consider the fee to be fixed or determinable if the fee is not subject to refund or adjustment and the payment terms are within its normal established practices. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, we recognize the revenue as amounts become due and payable, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. |
• | Collection is deemed probable. We conduct a credit review for all significant transactions at the time of the arrangement to determine the credit-worthiness of the customer. Collection is deemed probable if we have a reasonable basis to expect that the customer will pay amounts under the arrangement as payments become due. |
Commitments and Contingencies
We periodically evaluate pending or threatened contingencies and commitments, if any, that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial position. We assess the probability of an adverse outcome and determine if it is remote, reasonably possible or probable as defined in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” If information available prior to the issuance of our financial statements indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of our financial statements, and the amount of the loss, or the range of probable loss can be
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reasonably estimated, then such loss is accrued and charged to operations. If no accrual is made for a loss contingency because one or both of the conditions pursuant to SFAS No. 5 are not met, but the probability of an adverse outcome is at least reasonably possible, we will disclose the nature of the contingency, if material, and provide an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, or state that such an estimate cannot be made.
Allowances for Doubtful Accounts
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowance is established through a provision for bad debt expense. We determine the adequacy of this allowance by evaluating individual customer accounts receivable, through consideration of the customer’s financial condition, credit history and current economic conditions. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances might be required.
Accounting for Taxes
In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we estimate our income tax liability in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate by estimating our current tax exposure and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and financial statement purposes. As a result of the termination of our S Corporation status, we recorded deferred tax assets, which we fully reserved. Management’s judgment will be required in assessing the realizability of this and future deferred tax assets. In performing these assessments, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. In the event that actual results differ from our estimates or we adjust our estimates in future periods, we may need to make or adjust valuation allowances with respect to our deferred tax assets. Our income tax provision is based on calculations and assumptions that may be subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and other authorities. Should the actual results differ from our estimates, we would have to adjust the income tax provision in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. Tax law and rate changes are reflected in the income tax provision in the period in which such changes are enacted.
Uncertain Tax Positions
The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48—Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109,on January 1, 2007. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company made a comprehensive review of its portfolio of uncertain tax positions in accordance with recognition standards established by FIN 48. In this regard, an uncertain tax position represents the Company’s expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. As a result of this review, the Company adjusted the estimated value of its uncertain tax positions by recognizing additional liabilities totaling $130,000 through a charge to retained earnings. Upon the adoption of FIN 48, the estimated value of the Company’s uncertain tax positions is a liability of $130,000 resulting from unrecognized net tax benefits. The liability for uncertain tax positions is carried in accrued expenses in the consolidated condensed statement of financial position as of June 30, 2007. If the Company’s positions are sustained by the taxing authorities in favor of the Company, amounts previously recorded as liabilities would reduce the Company’s effective tax rate. During the three month period ended June 30, 2007, there were no material changes to the liability for uncertain tax positions. The Company does not expect any material changes to the estimated amount of liability associated with its uncertain tax positions through June 30, 2008.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 does not require new fair value measurements but rather defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure of fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS 157 on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“SFAS 159”).SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (the “fair value option”). Unrealized gains and losses, arising subsequent to adoption, are reported in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is required to adopt SFAS 159 in the first quarter of 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS 159 on its consolidated financial statements.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk |
Although we currently bill for our products and services mostly in U.S. dollars, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. A strengthening of the dollar could make our products and services less competitive in foreign markets and therefore could reduce our revenues. We are billed by and pay substantially all of our vendors in U.S. dollars. In the future, an increased portion of our revenues and costs may be denominated in foreign currencies. To date, exchange rate fluctuations have had little impact on our operating results. We do not enter into derivative instrument transactions for trading or speculative purposes.
Fixed income securities are subject to interest rate risk. The fair value of our investment portfolio would not be significantly impacted by either a 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term nature of the major portion of our investment portfolio. The portfolio is invested in United States Treasury Bills.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon the foregoing evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that as of June 30, 2007, our disclosure controls and procedures were operating effectively.
Changes in our internal controls
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, we made material changes in our internal controls as described below:
• | We hired additional experienced accounting personnel in an effort to increase the experience level within our accounting department, including the hiring of a new accounts payable manager and accounting manager. |
• | We modified our general ledger reporting structure to reduce the number of accounts to which we record journal entries. These changes have enabled us to focus more time on the review and analysis of the financial information we report. |
For the period ended June 30, 2007, management was not required to and did not perform an evaluation of our internal controls over financial reporting.
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.
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In early January 2006, the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) commenced an inquiry into the December 2005 security breach discussed in “Risk Factors—Computer hackers may damage our products, services and systems, which could cause interruptions in our service and harm to our business, and hackers could gain access to our customers’ personal information which could result in the loss of existing clients, negative publicity and legal liability.” On September 20, 2006, we executed a consent decree proposed by the FTC that includes no monetary penalties. The consent decree finds that we failed to implement proper security measures to protect consumers’ data, and requires us to provide the FTC with initial and biennial third-party assessments of our IT security for a period of 10 years. Additionally, the consent decree requires us to maintain a comprehensive IT security program, retain documentation of such program and provide notice of the consent decree to our executives and employees for a period of 20 years. On April 9, 2007, the Company received formal notice and service of the degree, which effectively ends the inquiry.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
Except for the risk factors presented below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors as presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 20, 2007.
You should consider each of the following factors as well as the other information in this Quarterly Report as well as our Annual Report in evaluating our business and our prospects. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business and financial results could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, including our financial statements and the related notes.
We may implement a new enterprise resource program to replace our existing internal software solutions. If we fail to maintain adequate controls over the implementation and roll-out of this new system, we may be unable to obtain accurate financial information in a timely basis in order to meet our public filing deadlines or have periods in which we are unable to ship product due to system issues . This could result in decreased revenues or a lack of confidence with our existing investors and would adversely affect the value of our stock.
The Company may be approaching a point in it’s life-cycle in which an entity-wide enterprise resource program is needed to streamline and migrate the disparate databases into a single, integrated software solution. Our future growth depends upon our ability to efficiently and effectively implement a new IT system to allow the Company to scale the business model and grow the number, and dollar value, of our transactions without the addition of a significant number of additional personnel. In execution of this new enterprise solution, we will monitor and test the output of transactional data to ensure the results are consistent with our existing business model. In addition, we will monitor and test standing data files and transactional data that is migrated to the new system to ensure the new system is accurate and free from material defect. If we fail to maintain inadequate control of this process, we may be unable to process the necessary accounting data in a timeframe necessary to meet the public filing deadline requirements. Failure to meet public filing deadline requirements may result in an overall lack of confidence by investors and our stock value may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if we fail to maintain control over operation data and transactions, we may be unable to process and ship orders in a timely basis, resulting in an unexpected reduction of revenues.
Our business depends, in part, on sales to governments and governmental entities and significant changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of governments and governmental entities could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We derive a portion of our revenues from contracts with federal, state, local and foreign governments and government agencies, and we believe that the success and growth of our business will continue to depend on our successful procurement of government contracts. Accordingly, changes in government contracting policies or government budgetary constraints could directly affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Among the factors that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations are:
• | changes in fiscal policies or decreases in available government funding, including the impact of Continuing Resolutions; |
• | changes in government programs or applicable requirements; |
• | the adoption of new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations; |
• | changes in political or social attitudes with respect to security issues, computer crimes, discovery of computer files and digital investigations; |
• | potential delays or changes in the government appropriations process; and |
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• | delays in the payment of our invoices by government payment offices. |
These and other factors could cause governments and governmental agencies to refrain from purchasing the products and services that we offer in the future, the result of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, many of our government customers are subject to stringent budgetary constraints. The award of additional contracts from government agencies could be adversely affected by spending reductions or budget cutbacks at government agencies that currently use or are likely to utilize our products and services.
If we fail to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common stock.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud and to operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results would be harmed. We have in the past discovered, and may in the future discover, areas of our internal controls that need improvement.
In November 2006, in conjunction with the audit of our financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our independent registered public accounting firm reported to our audit committee a “material weakness” in our internal controls of financial reporting. More specifically, we did not have adequate controls and procedures to assure proper accounts payable accruals for services rendered and billed but not yet paid, and, as a result, we recorded post-closing adjustments to our books and records and financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. A material weakness is a significant deficiency, or combination of significant deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected.
In 2006, we began our remediation efforts and we believe our actions in this regard have strengthened our internal controls over financial reporting. As of June 30, 2007, we believe we have successfully remediated the weakness over financial reporting identified by our auditors.
We also have not yet implemented a complete disaster recovery plan or business continuity plan for our accounting and related information technology systems. Any disaster could therefore materially impair our ability to maintain timely accounting and reporting.
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Computer hackers may damage our products, services and systems, which could cause interruptions in our service and harm to our business, and hackers could gain access to our customers’ personal information which could result in the loss of existing clients, negative publicity and legal liability.
Computer hackers often attempt to access information, including personal information for purposes of identify theft and other criminal activity. In particular, due to the nature of our business, the products and services that we offer and the industry in which we operate, we are more likely to be the target of computer hackers who would like to undermine our ability to offer the products and services that we provide to our customers and possibly retaliate for the results or evidence that our products and services generate.
For example, in December 2005, we became aware of a security breach of our electronic records which contained, among other things, credit card information of approximately 5,000 customers. We promptly notified law enforcement authorities as well as each of the customers whose information may have been compromised. We conducted a forensic examination of the incident and took a number of steps to both remediate the underlying cause and strengthen our internal security system, including enhancing our internal information technology security department and redesigning our network architecture.
In early January 2006, the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) commenced an inquiry into the December 2005 security breach. On September 20, 2006, we executed a consent decree proposed by the FTC that includes no monetary penalties. The consent decree finds that we failed to implement proper security measures to protect consumers’ data, and requires us to provide the FTC with initial and biennial third party assessments of our IT security for a period of 10 years. Additionally, the consent decree requires us to maintain a comprehensive IT security program, retain documentation of such program and provide notice of the consent decree to our executives and employees for a period of 20 years. The FTC formally approved the consent decree on November 15, 2006 and subsequently issued a press release announcing the investigation and its conclusion. On April 9, 2007, the Company received formal notice and service of the decree, effectively ending the inquiry.
In addition, several customers who were notified have sought compensation, which in each case has been satisfied by payment of amounts which are not material to us. One customer has commenced litigation against us, which was dismissed by a federal court but may be refiled in state court. In connection with this breach, we have paid $11,500 in fines to credit card processing companies. However, we may still face additional legal and administrative action with respect to the incident. In addition, the incident received publicity and could adversely affect our ability to retain and attract customers. Given the incident, any subsequent breach of our security could be especially damaging to our reputation and business and may result in monetary penalties if the FTC were to find that the circumstances that lead to the breach constituted a violation of our obligations under the consent decree.
In addition, from time to time we may be targets of computer hackers who, among other things, create viruses to sabotage or otherwise attack companies’ networks, products and services. For example, there was recently a spread of viruses, or worms, that intentionally deleted anti-virus and firewall software. Our products, networks, websites and systems, may be the target of attacks by hackers. If successful, any of these events could damage our computer systems, force us to incur substantial costs to fix technical problems or result in hackers gaining access to our technical and other proprietary information, which could harm our business and results of operations.
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Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
On May 2, 2007, we held our annual stockholders’ meeting, at which our stockholders (i) elected seven directors to hold office until the next annual election of directors and (ii) ratified the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2007. The vote on such matters was as follows:
I. Election of Directors
Nominee | Total Vote for Each Nominee | Total Vote Withheld from Each Nominee | ||
Shawn McCreight | 20,323,474 | 37,932 | ||
John Patzakis | 20,323,274 | 38,132 | ||
John Colbert | 20,320,849 | 40,557 | ||
Dale Fuller | 20,347,464 | 13,942 | ||
Kathleen O’Neil | 20,345,114 | 16,292 | ||
George Tenet | 20,345,539 | 15,867 | ||
Lynn Turner | 20,347,914 | 13,492 |
II. Ratification of Appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2007:
For | Against | Abstain | ||
20,355,677 | 1,277 | 4,452 |
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Item 6. | Exhibits |
Exhibit Number | Description of Documents | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |
32.1† | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2† | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
† | These certifications are being furnished solely to accompany this quarterly report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Guidance Software, Inc., whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Guidance Software, Inc. | ||
By: | /s/ Frank J. Sansone | |
Frank J. Sansone Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Dated: August 14, 2007
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