Stock-Based Compensation | 9. Stock-Based Compensation The Company included stock-based compensation expense related to all of its stock-based awards in various operating expense categories for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 (unaudited) Technology and development $ $ $ $ Sales and marketing(1) General and administrative Total stock-based compensation expense $ $ $ $ (1) Includes $5 in stock-based compensation expense related to a non-employee consultant, which was settled in cash in lieu of stock during the six months ended June 30, 2015. Stock Option Awards Outstanding The following table presents summary information of the Company’s stock option awards outstanding and exercisable under all plans as of June 30, 2015: Number of Weighted Stock Option Average Awards Exercise Price Outstanding Per Share Stock option awards outstanding as of December 31, 2014 $ Stock option awards granted Stock option awards forfeited ) Stock option awards exercised ) Stock option awards outstanding as of June 30, 2015 Stock option awards vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2015 Stock option awards are generally granted at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, generally vest over periods up to four years, have a one year cliff with monthly vesting thereafter, and have terms not to exceed 10 years. Other selected information is as follows: Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 2014 (unaudited) Aggregate intrinsic value of stock option awards exercised $ $ Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of stock option awards granted Cash proceeds received from stock option awards exercised The fair value for stock option awards granted is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Calculating the fair value of the stock option awards requires subjective assumptions, including, but not limited to, the expected term of the stock option awards and stock price volatility. The Company estimates the expected life of stock option awards granted based on the simplified method, which the Company believes, is representative of the actual characteristics of the awards. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock on the date of grant based on the historic volatility of comparable companies in its industry. Risk-free interest rates are based on yields from United States Treasury zero-coupon issues with a term consistent with the expected term of the awards in effect at the time of grant. Forfeitures are estimated at the time the stock option awards are granted based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures and revised, if necessary in subsequent periods, if actual forfeitures differ from those initial estimates to derive the Company’s best estimate of stock option awards that are expected to vest. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and has no current plan to do so. Consequently, it used an expected dividend yield of zero. There was $3,690 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans as of June 30, 2015. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.68 years. Non-vested Restricted Stock Units (RSU) Awards Outstanding The following table presents a summary of the Company’s non-vested restricted stock unit award activity under all plans and related information for the six months ended June 30, 2015: Number of Weighted Shares of Average Restricted Grant Date Stock Unit Fair Value Awards Per Share Non-vested restricted stock unit awards outstanding as of December 31, 2014 $ Restricted stock unit awards granted Restricted stock unit awards forfeited ) Restricted stock unit awards vested ) Non-vested restricted stock unit awards outstanding as of June 30, 2015 Restricted stock unit awards are generally granted at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and vest on an annual basis over periods up to four years. Forfeitures are estimated at the time the restricted stock unit awards are granted based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures and revised, if necessary in subsequent periods, if actual forfeitures differ from those initial estimates to derive the Company’s best estimate of restricted stock unit awards that are expected to vest. As restricted stock unit awards vest, they are settled on a net-share basis. Upon settlement, certain shares underlying each restricted stock unit award are withheld to satisfy income tax withholding obligations, which is based on the value of the restricted stock unit award on the settlement date as determined by the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock, relating to the employees’ minimum statutory obligation. There was $5,421 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock unit awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans as of June 30, 2015. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.44 years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In April 2014, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2014 ESPP”), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2014 annual meeting of stockholders. The 2014 ESPP allows eligible participants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock generally at six-month intervals, or offering periods, at a price equal to 85% of the lower of (i) the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or (ii) the fair market value at the end of the offering period, or the purchase date. Employees purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of their total base salary. The 2014 ESPP imposes certain limitations upon an employee’s right to purchase shares, including the following: (1) no employee may purchase more than 5,000 shares on any one purchase date and (2) no employee may purchase shares with a fair market value in excess of $25 in any calendar year. No more than 2,000,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the 2014 ESPP. As of June 30, 2015, the Company had 1,809,912 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2014 ESPP. The Company began its first offering period in August 2014, which ended in February 2015. The Company’s second offering period commenced in February 2015 and will end in August 2015. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, employees purchased 190,088 shares of common stock pursuant to the 2014 ESPP at an exercise price of $2.08 per share. The fair value for awards under the 2014 ESPP was estimated at the date of grant, at the beginning of the offering period, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Calculating the fair value of the 2014 ESPP awards requires subjective assumptions, including, but not limited to, the expected term of the 2014 ESPP award and stock price volatility. The Company estimates the expected life of the awards granted under the 2014 ESPP based on the duration of the offering periods, which is six months. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock on the date of grant based on the historic volatility of comparable companies in its industry. Risk-free interest rates are based on yields from United States Treasury zero-coupon issues with a term consistent with the expected term of the awards in effect at the time of grant. Forfeitures are estimated at the time the 2014 ESPP awards are granted based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures and revised, if necessary in subsequent periods, if actual forfeitures differ from those initial estimates to derive the Company’s best estimate of 2014 ESPP awards that are expected to vest. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and has no current plan to do so. Consequently, it used an expected dividend yield of zero. There was $43 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to awards under the 2014 ESPP as of June 30, 2015. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of less than one year . |