Stock-Based Compensation | 10. Stock-Based Compensation The Company included stock-based compensation expense related to its stock-based awards in various operating expense categories for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (unaudited) Technology and development $ $ $ $ Sales and marketing (1) General and administrative Total stock-based compensation expense $ $ $ $ (1) Includes $5 in stock-based compensation expense related to a non-employee consultant, which was settled in cash in lieu of stock during the six months ended June 30, 2015. Stock Option Awards Outstanding The following table presents summary information of the Company’s stock option awards outstanding and exercisable under all plans as of June 30, 2016: Number of Weighted Stock Option Average Awards Exercise Price Outstanding Per Share Stock option awards outstanding as of December 31, 2015 (1) $ Stock option awards granted Stock option awards forfeited ) Stock option awards exercised ) Stock option awards outstanding as of June 30, 2016 Stock option awards vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2016 (1) Includes employment inducement awards granted to the Company’s newly appointed Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), and Chief Technology Officer (“CTO”), on September 8, 2015 and October 20, 2015, respectively. These awards were comprised of stock option awards issued to the CFO and CTO to purchase 570,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.94 per share and 350,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.90 per share, respectively. These awards were issued outside of the Company’s stockholder approved equity compensation plans, but are generally subject to the same terms and conditions as applied to awards granted under the Company’s 2013 Plan. Stock option awards are generally granted at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, generally vest over periods up to four years, have a one year cliff with monthly vesting thereafter, and have terms not to exceed 10 years. Other selected information is as follows: Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 2015 (unaudited) Aggregate intrinsic value of stock option awards exercised $ Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of stock option awards granted Cash proceeds received from stock option awards exercised The fair value for stock option awards granted under all plans was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Calculating the fair value of the stock option awards requires subjective assumptions, including, but not limited to, the expected term of the stock option awards and stock price volatility. The Company estimates the expected life of stock option awards granted based on the simplified method, which the Company believes is representative of the actual characteristics of the awards. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock on the date of grant based on the historic volatility of comparable companies in its industry. Risk-free interest rates are based on yields from United States Treasury zero-coupon issues with a term consistent with the expected term of the awards in effect at the time of grant. Estimated forfeitures are based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and has no current plan to do so. Consequently, it used an expected dividend yield of zero. There was $1,763 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans as of June 30, 2016. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.78 years. Non-vested Restricted Stock Units (RSU) Awards Outstanding The following table presents a summary of the Company’s non-vested restricted stock unit award activity under all plans and related information for the six months ended June 30, 2016: Number of Weighted Shares of Average Restricted Grant Date Stock Unit Fair Value Awards Per Share Non-vested restricted stock unit awards outstanding as of December 31, 2015 $ Restricted stock unit awards granted Restricted stock unit awards forfeited ) Restricted stock unit awards vested ) Non-vested restricted stock unit awards outstanding as of June 30, 2016 There was $7,280 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock unit awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans as of June 30, 2016. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.18 years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In April 2014, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2014 ESPP”), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2014 annual meeting of stockholders. The 2014 ESPP allows eligible participants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock generally at six-month intervals, or offering periods, at a price equal to 85% of the lower of (i) the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or (ii) the fair market value at the end of the offering period, or the purchase date. The Company’s current offering period commenced in February 2016 and will end in August 2016. Employees purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of their total base salary. The 2014 ESPP imposes certain limitations upon an employee’s right to purchase shares, including the following: (1) no employee may purchase more than 5,000 shares on any one purchase date and (2) no employee may purchase shares with a fair market value in excess of $25 in any calendar year. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, employees purchased 173,726 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP at an exercise price of $1.40 per share. No more than 2,000,000 shares of common stock are reserved for future issuance under the 2014 ESPP. The fair value for each award under the 2014 ESPP is estimated at the date of grant, at the beginning of the offering period, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Calculating the fair value of the ESPP awards requires subjective assumptions, including, but not limited to, the expected term of the ESPP award and stock price volatility. The Company estimates the expected life of the awards granted under the 2014 ESPP based on the duration of the offering periods, which is six months. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock on the date of grant based on the historic volatility of comparable companies in its industry. Risk-free interest rates are based on yields from United States Treasury zero-coupon issues with a term consistent with the expected term of the awards in effect at the time of grant. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and has no current plan to do so. Consequently, it used an expected dividend yield of zero. There was $30 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to awards under the 2014 ESPP as of June 30, 2016. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of less than one year. |