INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE | INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE Investments consist primarily of investments in equity method investees and options in certain investees. The investees are primarily Fortress Funds. Investments can be summarized as follows: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Equity method and other investees $ 1,034,189 $ 1,106,338 Equity method investees, held at fair value (A) 21,600 15,207 Total investments $ 1,055,789 $ 1,121,545 Options in equity method investees $ 30,427 $ 71,844 (A) Includes the publicly traded private equity portfolio companies and publicly traded permanent capital vehicles, including FTAI which completed its IPO in May 2015 (see Note 3). Gains (losses) are summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Net realized gains (losses) $ 4,495 $ (8,431 ) $ 1,247 Net realized gains (losses) from affiliate investments (A) 31,751 47,624 12,030 Net unrealized gains (losses) (6,127 ) 25,661 6,273 Net unrealized gains (losses) from affiliate investments (A) (49,038 ) (76,611 ) 34,383 Total gains (losses) $ (18,919 ) $ (11,757 ) $ 53,933 (A) Includes the impact of the exercise of options in New Residential in June 2015 and the sale of GAGFAH shares which was completed in June 2014. These gains (losses) were generated as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Mark to fair value on affiliate investments and options $ (17,175 ) $ (28,591 ) $ 46,371 Mark to fair value on derivatives 1,784 26,715 8,402 Mark to fair value on equity securities (509 ) 965 2,962 Gains (losses) on digital currency (Bitcoin) (1,175 ) (9,470 ) (3,702 ) Other (1,844 ) (1,376 ) (100 ) Total gains (losses) $ (18,919 ) $ (11,757 ) $ 53,933 The underlying investments of the Fortress Funds are diversified by issuer, industry and geographic location. They are comprised of both equity and debt investments, as well as derivatives, including investments in affiliated entities. A majority of the investments are in the United States, with investments also in Western Europe and Asia. There are some concentrations, mainly in the private equity funds, in the financial services, transportation and infrastructure, leisure and gaming, real estate (including Florida commercial real estate), media and senior living sectors, including certain individual investments within the funds which are significant to the funds as a whole. Furthermore, the Fortress Funds have concentrations of counterparty risk with respect to derivatives and borrowings. Since Fortress’s investments in the various Fortress Funds are not equal, Fortress’s concentrations from a management fee and incentive income perspective and its concentrations from an investment perspective are different. From an investment perspective, Fortress’s most significant investment as of December 31, 2015 , which comprised approximately 25% of its equity method investments, is in a fund with a single investment which focuses on the rail transportation and real estate sectors in Florida. Investments Fortress holds investments in certain Fortress Funds which are primarily recorded based on the equity method of accounting. Fortress’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to these entities is generally equal to its investment plus its basis in any options received from such entities, plus any receivables from such entities as described in Note 7. In addition, unconsolidated affiliates also hold ownership interests in certain of these entities. A summary of the changes in Fortress’s investments is as follows: Private Equity Funds Publicly Traded Portfolio Companies (A) Permanent Capital Vehicles (A) Credit Hedge Funds Credit PE Funds Liquid Hedge Funds (B) Other Total Investment - December 31, 2013 $ 786,093 $ 63,001 $ 19,188 $ 58,825 $ 159,044 $ 158,920 $ 8,195 $ 1,253,266 Earnings from equity method and other 36,413 N/A 70 8,236 28,693 3,844 943 78,199 Contributions to equity method and other 2,994 — 5,640 168,699 43,331 89,324 596 310,584 Distributions of earnings from equity (70,409 ) N/A (79 ) (7,483 ) (28,477 ) (4,487 ) (32 ) (110,967 ) Distributions of capital from equity (78,155 ) N/A (4,148 ) (171,053 ) (17,124 ) (128,505 ) (118 ) (399,103 ) Total distributions from equity (148,564 ) N/A (4,227 ) (178,536 ) (45,601 ) (132,992 ) (150 ) (510,070 ) Consolidation of Investment Company — — — — — — 6,990 6,990 Mark to fair value - during period (D) (1,795 ) 5,200 (936 ) N/A N/A N/A (657 ) 1,812 Translation adjustment (7 ) (742 ) (279 ) — (2,338 ) — — (3,366 ) Dispositions — (66,424 ) — — (2 ) — (210 ) (66,636 ) Reclassification to Due to Affiliates (E) 2,232 — — — — — — 2,232 Deconsolidation of Liquid Hedge Fund (F) — — — — — 48,534 — 48,534 Investment - December 31, 2014 677,366 1,035 19,456 57,224 183,127 167,630 15,707 1,121,545 Earnings (losses) from equity method and (49,346 ) N/A 89 3,920 19,630 (6,387 ) (821 ) (32,915 ) Contributions to equity method and other 5,227 50 7,742 118,332 43,005 13,844 825 189,025 Distributions of earnings from equity (14,342 ) N/A (173 ) (3,511 ) (22,909 ) (658 ) (2,265 ) (43,858 ) Distributions of capital from equity (7,899 ) N/A (216 ) (131,161 ) (77,003 ) (37,660 ) (22 ) (253,961 ) Total distributions from equity (22,241 ) N/A (389 ) (134,672 ) (99,912 ) (38,318 ) (2,287 ) (297,819 ) Mark to fair value - during period (D) (412 ) (3 ) (6,152 ) N/A N/A N/A (991 ) (7,558 ) Net purchases of investments by — — — — 41,985 — 10,391 52,376 Translation adjustment (1,413 ) — (228 ) — (123 ) — — (1,764 ) Dispositions (2,683 ) — — — (48 ) — — (2,731 ) Reclassification to Due to Affiliates (E) 2,230 — — — — — — 2,230 Retained interest in Graticule (Note 1) — — — — — 33,400 — 33,400 Investment - December 31, 2015 $ 608,728 $ 1,082 $ 20,518 $ 44,804 $ 187,664 $ 170,169 $ 22,824 $ 1,055,789 Undistributed earnings - December 31, $ 42,572 $ N/A $ — $ 3,404 $ 10,346 $ 3,136 $ — $ 59,458 (A) Fortress elected to record the common shares held in the publicly traded private equity portfolio companies and publicly traded permanent capital vehicles, including FTAI which completed its IPO in May 2015 (see Note 3), at fair value pursuant to the fair value option for financial instruments. (B) Includes Fortress's investment in Affiliated Managers. (C) The amounts presented above can be reconciled to the amounts presented on the statement of cash flows as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 Contributions Distributions of Capital Contributions Distributions of Capital Per Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ 33,855 $ (235,290 ) $ 36,110 $ (379,940 ) Investments of incentive receivable amounts 138,026 — 258,023 — Change in distributions payable out of Fortress — (177 ) — 172 Net funded* 17,094 (17,094 ) 16,451 (16,451 ) Other 50 (1,400 ) — (2,884 ) Per Above $ 189,025 $ (253,961 ) $ 310,584 $ (399,103 ) * In some instances, a private equity style fund may need to simultaneously make both a capital call (for new investments or expenses) and a capital distribution (related to realizations from existing investments). This results in a net funding. (D) Recorded to Gains (Losses). (E) Represents a portion of the general partner liability (Note 10). (F) In December 2014, Fortress deconsolidated a liquid hedge fund (Note 4) and the amount disclosed represents Fortress’s investment in the fund as of the date of deconsolidation. In December 2015, Fortress deconsolidated a credit PE fund and subsequently received a $42.0 million capital distribution from the fund (Note 4). The ownership percentages presented in the following tables are reflective of the ownership interests held as of the end of the respective periods. For tables which include more than one Fortress Fund, the ownership percentages are based on a weighted average by total equity of the funds as of period end. The permanent capital vehicles, the publicly traded portfolio companies and Other are not presented as they are insignificant to Fortress’s investments. Private Equity Funds (B) December 31, (or year then ended) 2015 2014 2013 Assets $ 11,950,687 $ 13,484,372 Debt (3,144 ) (3,251 ) Other liabilities (151,778 ) (143,363 ) Equity $ 11,795,765 $ 13,337,758 Fortress’s Investment $ 608,728 $ 677,366 Ownership (A) 5.2 % 5.1 % Revenues and gains (losses) on investments $ (1,126,186 ) $ 731,574 $ 2,335,934 Expenses (178,022 ) (194,509 ) (208,301 ) Net Income (Loss) $ (1,304,208 ) $ 537,065 $ 2,127,633 Fortress’s earnings (losses) from equity method investees $ (49,346 ) $ 36,413 $ 81,470 Credit Hedge Funds Credit PE Funds (B) (C) December 31, (or year then ended) 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 Assets $ 10,959,844 $ 11,349,879 $ 12,770,674 $ 11,992,369 Debt (4,413,323 ) (4,621,360 ) (259,114 ) (67,618 ) Other liabilities (174,397 ) (283,818 ) (373,224 ) (824,837 ) Non-controlling interest (11,068 ) (14,406 ) (3,963 ) (4,852 ) Equity $ 6,361,056 $ 6,430,295 $ 12,134,373 $ 11,095,062 Fortress’s Investment $ 44,804 $ 57,224 $ 187,664 $ 183,127 Ownership (A) 0.7 % 0.9 % 1.5 % 1.7 % Revenues and gains (losses) on $ 747,861 $ 1,011,969 $ 1,295,945 $ 1,718,546 $ 2,381,032 $ 1,835,118 Expenses (403,646 ) (340,373 ) (255,222 ) (310,125 ) (369,653 ) (325,436 ) Net Income (Loss) $ 344,215 $ 671,596 $ 1,040,723 $ 1,408,421 $ 2,011,379 $ 1,509,682 Fortress’s earnings (losses) from equity method investees $ 3,920 $ 8,236 $ 12,242 $ 19,630 $ 28,693 $ 29,824 Liquid Hedge Funds (D) December 31, (or year then ended) 2015 2014 2013 Assets $ 2,279,590 $ 13,132,531 Debt — — Other liabilities (829,515 ) (5,733,970 ) Non-controlling interest — — Equity $ 1,450,075 $ 7,398,561 Fortress’s Investment $ 170,169 $ 167,630 Ownership (A) 11.7 % 2.3 % Revenues and gains (losses) on investments $ (190,659 ) $ 220,958 $ 838,506 Expenses (212,545 ) (219,303 ) (159,892 ) Net Income (Loss) $ (403,204 ) $ 1,655 $ 678,614 Fortress’s earnings (losses) from equity method investees $ (6,387 ) $ 3,844 $ 13,124 (A) Excludes ownership interests held by other Fortress Funds, the Principals, employees, directors and other affiliates. (B) For private equity funds, includes four entities which are recorded on a one quarter lag (i.e. current year balances reflected for these entities are for the periods ended September 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013 , respectively). For credit PE funds, includes one entity which is recorded on a one quarter lag and several entities which are recorded on a one month lag. They are recorded on a lag, as permitted, because they are foreign entities, or they have substantial operations in foreign countries, and do not provide financial reports under GAAP within the reporting time frame necessary for U.S. public entities. (C) Includes certain entities in which Fortress has both a direct and an indirect investment. (D) For liquid hedge funds, 2015 includes amounts related to Fortress's retained interest in Graticule. Amounts in 2014 and 2013 include the Fortress Asia Macro Funds and related managed accounts which were transferred to Graticule in January 2015. Investments in Variable Interest Entities and Other Unconsolidated Entities All of Fortress’s interests in unconsolidated entities relate to (i) entities in which Fortress has an investment, which are included on the consolidated balance sheet and described in Note 4, and/or (ii) entities from which Fortress earns fees, which are included in revenues and described in Note 3. These entities are primarily Fortress Funds which are VOEs and provide their limited partners or members unrelated to Fortress with the substantive ability to liquidate the Fortress Fund or otherwise remove Fortress as the general partner and/or manager or co-manager. Consolidation and Deconsolidation of certain funds In July 2015, Fortress formed a new credit PE fund. Fortress determined that the fund qualified as a variable interest entity and that it was the primary beneficiary and therefore consolidated the fund. During December 2015, a reconsideration event occurred at the credit PE fund whereby the credit PE fund no longer qualified as a variable interest entity. The credit PE fund is deemed to be a voting interest entity and Fortress does not have control over the fund since the unrelated limited partners have the substantive ability to liquidate the fund or otherwise remove Fortress as general partner without cause based on a simple unaffiliated majority vote. As such, Fortress deconsolidated the credit PE fund in December 2015. In addition, subsequent to deconsolidation of the fund, Fortress received a $42.0 million capital distribution from the fund. The capital distribution is reported as part of investing activities in the statement of cash flows. Fortress retained a $0.3 million equity method investment in the credit PE fund. The retained investment is included within Investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In 2014, Fortress formed a new liquid hedge fund. Fortress determined that the fund qualified as a variable interest entity and that it was the primary beneficiary and therefore consolidated the fund. The liquid hedge fund allowed investors to redeem their interests on a periodic basis at their net asset value. During December 2014, a reconsideration event occurred at the liquid hedge fund whereby the liquid hedge fund no longer qualified as a variable interest entity. The liquid hedge fund was deemed to be a voting interest entity and Fortress does not have control over the fund since the unrelated limited partners or members have the substantive ability to liquidate the fund or otherwise remove Fortress as general partner or managing member without cause based on a simple unaffiliated majority vote. As such, Fortress deconsolidated the liquid hedge fund in December 2014. The deconsolidation of the liquid hedge fund resulted in non-cash investing activity of $56.5 million in the statement of cash flows. Fortress retained a $48.5 million equity method investment in the liquid hedge fund. The retained investment is included within Investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The following tables set forth certain information regarding VIEs in which Fortress held a variable interest as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Fortress is not Primary Beneficiary December 31, 2015 Business Number of VIEs Gross Assets (A) Financial Obligations (A) Fortress Investment (B) Notes (H) Private Equity Funds 1 $ 136,129 $ — $ 1,959 (D) Permanent Capital Vehicles 6 23,618,598 15,581,168 114,228 (C) Credit Hedge Funds 8 1,912,019 426,988 5,405 (D) (E) Credit PE Funds 35 990,008 232,082 9,659 (D) (E) Liquid Hedge Funds 4 364,535 1,270 39,192 (D) (E) Fortress is not Primary Beneficiary December 31, 2014 Business Number of VIEs Gross Assets (A) Financial Obligations (A) Fortress Investment (B) Notes (H) Private Equity Funds 2 $ 85,553 $ — $ 56 (D) Permanent Capital Vehicles 5 14,539,141 10,336,207 154,346 (C) Credit Hedge Funds 8 1,976,328 152,806 25,474 (D) (E) Credit PE Funds 30 735,855 143,743 5,897 (D) (E) Liquid Hedge Funds 2 3,070,203 432,580 7,094 (D) Fortress is Primary Beneficiary December 31, 2015 Business Number of VIEs Gross Assets (A) Financial Obligations (A) Fortress Investment (B) Notes (H) Private Equity Funds 9 $ 71,277 $ — $ 18,666 (F) (G) Credit PE Funds 2 400 — 20 (F) Liquid Hedge Funds 1 6,126 — 2,821 (F) Logan Circle 1 4,468 — 4,317 (F) Fortress is Primary Beneficiary December 31, 2014 Business Number of VIEs Gross Assets (A) Financial Obligations (A) Fortress Investment (B) Notes (H) Private Equity Funds 9 $ 90,723 $ — $ 20,368 (F) (G) Credit PE Funds 2 434 — 22 (F) Liquid Hedge Funds 3 8,714 — 4,125 (F) Logan Circle 1 6,566 — 4,783 (F) (A) Represents financial obligations of the VIEs which are not recourse to Fortress and assets of the VIEs which Fortress does not have the right to make use of to satisfy its obligations. Financial obligations include financial borrowings, derivative liabilities and short securities. In many cases, these VIEs have additional debt within unconsolidated subsidiaries. The debt obligations of the VIEs are not cross collateralized with the debt obligations of Fortress. Fortress has no obligation to satisfy the liabilities of the VIEs. The VIE’s debt obligations have no impact on Fortress’s cash flows and its ability to borrow or comply with its debt covenants under its revolving credit agreement. Of the financial obligations represented herein as of December 31, 2015 , for VIEs where Fortress is not the primary beneficiary, $15,192.6 million , $423.4 million , $232.1 million and $1.2 million represent financial borrowings which have weighted average maturities of 2.0 years, 9.7 years, 2.3 years and 11.0 years for the permanent capital vehicles, credit hedge funds, credit PE funds and liquid hedge funds, respectively. Of the financial obligations represented herein as of December 31, 2014 , $9,911.4 million , $151.7 million , and $143.7 million represent financial borrowings which have weighted average maturities of 1.9 years, 7.6 years, and 2.3 years for the permanent capital vehicles, credit hedge funds, and credit PE funds, respectively. (B) Represents Fortress’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to these entities, which includes investments in these entities, plus any receivables due from these entities. In addition to the table above, Fortress is exposed to potential changes in cash flow and revenues attributable to the management fees and/or incentive income Fortress earns from those entities. For VIEs where Fortress is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, these investments and receivables are eliminated in consolidation but still represent Fortress’s economic exposure to the VIEs. (C) Includes permanent capital vehicles that are a VIE because the entity's at-risk equity holders as a group lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest because the group of at-risk equity holders does not have the power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly affect the success of the entity or impact the entity's economic performance. Fortress is not the primary beneficiary of these entities. Fortress and its related parties under common control as a group, where applicable, do not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to these entities. (D) Includes entities, primarily investing vehicles set up on behalf of the Fortress Funds to make investments, that are a VIE because the entity’s at-risk equity holders as a group lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest because either (i) the group of at-risk equity holders does not have the power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly affect the success of the entity or impact the entity's economic performance and/or (ii) the voting rights of an investor are not proportional to its obligation to absorb the income or loss of the entity and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of that investor and its related parties. Fortress is not the primary beneficiary of these entities. Fortress and its related parties under common control as a group, where applicable, do not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to these entities. (E) Includes entities that are a VIE because the entity's equity investment at-risk is determined to be insufficient. Fortress is not the primary beneficiary of these entities because Fortress does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these entities. (F) Includes entities that are a VIE because the entity's at-risk equity holders as a group lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest because either (i) the group of at-risk equity holders does not have the power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly affect the success of the entity or impact the entity's economic performance and/or (ii) the voting rights of an investor are not proportional to its obligation to absorb the income or loss of the entity and substantially all of the entity's activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of that investor and its related parties. Fortress is the investment manager of these entities. Fortress is determined to be the primary beneficiary of these entities since it has both power over the activities that most significantly affect the success of the entity or impact the entity’s economic performance and has the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses from the VIE that potentially could be significant to the entity. (G) Includes an entity that is a VIE because the entity’s equity investment at risk is determined to be insufficient. Fortress, as a result of directing the operations of the entity through its management contracts with certain funds, and providing financial support to the entity, was deemed to be its primary beneficiary. (H) As of December 31, 2015 , for VIEs where Fortress is not the primary beneficiary, Fortress's investment included: (i) management fees receivable of $17.3 million which is comprised of $12.3 million , less than $0.1 million , $0.8 million and $4.1 million from the permanent capital vehicles, credit hedge funds, credit PE funds and liquid hedge funds, respectively, (ii) incentive income receivable of $39.7 million which is comprised of $37.3 million and $2.4 million from the permanent capital vehicles and credit hedge funds, respectively, and (iii) expense reimbursements, dividends and other receivables of $16.7 million which is comprised of $1.9 million , $13.6 million , $0.9 million , $0.1 million and $0.2 million from the private equity funds, permanent capital vehicles, credit hedge funds, credit PE funds and liquid hedge funds, respectively. As of December 31, 2014 , for VIEs where Fortress is not the primary beneficiary, Fortress's investment included: (i) management fees receivable of $7.1 million which is comprised of $6.1 million , $0.5 million and $0.5 million from the permanent capital vehicles, credit hedge funds and credit PE funds, respectively, (ii) incentive income receivable of $79.8 million which is comprised of $55.3 million , $21.9 million and $2.6 million from the permanent capital vehicles, credit hedge funds and liquid hedge funds, respectively and (iii) expense reimbursements, dividends and other receivables of $11.9 million which is comprised of $6.9 million , $1.1 million , $0.1 million and $3.8 million from the permanent capital vehicles, credit hedge funds, credit PE funds and liquid hedge funds, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 , for VIEs where Fortress is the primary beneficiary, Fortress's investment included: (i) management fees receivable of less than $0.1 million from Logan Circle, and (ii) advances of $10.1 million to an operating subsidiary of one of the private equity funds. These receivables and advances are eliminated in consolidation but still represent Fortress’s economic exposure to the VIEs. As of December 31, 2014 , for VIEs where Fortress was the primary beneficiary, Fortress's investment included: (i) management fees receivable of less than $0.1 million from Logan Circle, and (ii) advances of $10.3 million to an operating subsidiary of one of the private equity funds. These receivables and advances are eliminated in consolidation but still represent Fortress's economic exposure to the VIEs. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following table presents information regarding Fortress’s financial instruments that are recorded at fair value. Investments denominated in foreign currencies have been translated at the period end exchange rate. Changes in fair value are recorded in Gains (Losses). Fair Value December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Valuation Method Assets (within Investments) Common shares of publicly traded permanent capital vehicles (A) $ 20,518 $ 14,172 Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Common stock of publicly traded 1,082 1,035 Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Total equity method investments $ 21,600 $ 15,207 Options in equity method investees $ 30,427 $ 71,844 Level 2 - Option valuation models using significant observable inputs Assets (within Other Assets) Derivatives 22,146 27,105 Level 2 - See below Equity Securities (B) — 17,627 Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Liabilities (within Accrued Compensation and Benefits) Options in affiliates granted to (3,010 ) (8,356 ) Level 2 - Option valuation models using significant observable inputs Liabilities (within Other Liabilities) Derivatives (2,201 ) (932 ) Level 2 - See below (A) FTAI completed its IPO in May 2015 and Fortress elected to record its interest at fair value pursuant to the fair value option for financial instruments. (B) These equity securities were held at fair value and classified as trading and were all sold during the first quarter of 2015. See Note 5 regarding the fair value of outstanding debt. Publicly Traded Permanent Capital Vehicle Options Fully vested options are issued to Fortress by the publicly traded permanent capital vehicles as compensation for services performed in raising capital for these entities. These options are accounted for at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in income as Gains (Losses). The assumptions used in valuing the options at December 31, 2015 were: Risk-Free Rate Dividend Yield (A) Volatility Newcastle 0.80% - 2.11% 10.93% - 17.99% 26.40% - 35.51% New Residential 0.80% - 2.17% 9.83% - 18.13% 25.76% - 28.81% New Media 2.11% - 2.14% 4.30% - 4.46% 36.15% New Senior 0.80% - 2.17% 8.13% - 14.70% 23.21% - 26.62% Eurocastle 0.05% - 0.93% 4.49% - 5.68% 24.81% - 26.89% (A) Options which are due to expire prior to the expected payment of future dividends are valued using a 0.00% dividend yield. All of the Newcastle, New Residential, New Media and New Senior options were fully vested on issuance and become exercisable over thirty months and have a ten -year term. With the exception of Eurocastle’s May 2013 options grant, which became exercisable in October 2013, all of the Eurocastle options were fully vested and exercisable on issuance, and have a ten -year term. All of the options held by Fortress in the publicly traded permanent capital vehicles incorporate effects of reverse stock splits or spin-offs. Fortress has granted rights, which Fortress refers to as tandem options, in the options it holds in certain publicly traded permanent capital vehicles it manages to certain of its employees. The value of these rights is recorded as accrued profit sharing compensation expense and the related liability is marked to fair value as compensation expense until such time as the rights are exercised or expire. The following table summarizes certain Newcastle options held by Fortress. Options Issued During Year of Grant Public Offering Price/Option Strike Price Fair Value of Options Issued As of December 31, 2015 Year of Grant Total Tandem Options held by Employees Available to Fortress 2011 718,750 $1.00 $1,182 583,149 — 583,149 2012 1,121,250 $1.00 $2,017 949,997 — 949,997 2013 2,978,348 $2.32 - $3.57 $4,513 2,978,338 266,657 2,711,681 2014 765,416 $4.01 $360 765,416 — 765,416 The following table summarizes certain New Residential options held by Fortress. Options Issued During Year of Grant Public Offering Price/Option Fair Value of As of December 31, 2015 Year of Grant Total Tandem Options held by Employees Available to Fortress 2012 3,363,750 $ 6.82 - $ 7.34 $11,768 25,000 — 25,000 2013 4,025,000 $10.24 - $11.48 $14,428 1,936,068 1,100,497 835,571 2014 1,437,500 $12.20 $1,604 1,437,500 258,750 1,178,750 2015 8,543,539 $15.25 - $15.88 $12,705 8,543,539 — 8,543,539 The following table summarizes certain New Senior options held by Fortress. Options Issued During Year of Grant Public Offering Price/Option Fair Value of As of December 31, 2015 Year of Grant Total Tandem Options held by Employees Available to Fortress 2011 718,750 $ 4.09 - $ 7.18 $4,535 465,832 — 465,832 2012 1,121,250 $7.66 - $8.75 $7,739 916,029 — 916,029 2013 2,978,348 $14.42 - $19.23 $17,328 2,978,338 266,657 2,711,681 2014 765,416 $20.89 $1,383 765,416 — 765,416 2015 2,011,409 $13.75 $2,978 2,011,409 — 2,011,409 The following table summarizes New Media options held by Fortress: Options Issued During Year of Grant Public Offering Price/Option Fair Value of As of December 31, 2015 Year of Grant Total Tandem Options held by Employees Available to Fortress 2014 745,062 $15.71 $2,963 745,062 92,751 652,311 2015 700,000 $21.70 $4,144 700,000 — 700,000 The following table summarizes select Eurocastle options held by Fortress. Options Issued During Year of Grant Public Offering Price/Option Fair Value of As of December 31, 2015 Year of Grant Total Tandem Options held by Employees Available to Fortress 2013 1,500,000 €7.25 €4,807 1,500,000 — 1,500,000 2015 3,976,299 €7.85 €4,756 3,976,299 — 3,976,299 The following table summarizes options in the publicly traded permanent capital vehicles held as of December 31, 2015 , which were issued prior to 2011: Entity Weighted Average Option Strike Price Options held by Fortress Newcastle $ 13.16 115,239 New Senior $ 56.01 115,239 New Residential $ 31.31 345,720 Eurocastle € 6,151.76 18,886 In January 2016, Fortress granted tandem options in 1.7 million , 0.4 million and 0.1 million of the options it holds in New Residential, New Senior and New Media, respectively, to certain employees. The estimated value of these New Residential, New Senior and New Media tandem options are $0.3 million , $0.1 million and $0.3 million , respectively. Derivatives Fortress uses derivative instruments to manage its foreign currency risk. Fortress enters into foreign exchange forward contracts and options to economically hedge the risk of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates with respect to certain foreign currency denominated assets and expected revenues. Gains and losses on these contracts are reported currently in Gains (Losses). Fortress’s derivative instruments are carried at fair value and are generally valued using models with observable market inputs that can be verified and which do not involve significant judgment. The significant observable inputs used in determining the fair value of the Level 2 derivative contracts are contractual cash flows and market based parameters such as foreign exchange rates. Fortress’s derivatives (not designated as hedges) are recorded as follows: Balance Sheet December 31, 2015 (or year ended) Maturity Classification (A) Fair Value Notional Amount Gains/(Losses) (B) Date Foreign exchange option contracts Other Assets $ 21,884 ¥ 40,160,526 $ 1,788 Feb-16 - Mar-18 Foreign exchange option contracts Other Liabilities $ (994 ) ¥ 8,593,346 $ (532 ) Jun-16 - Mar-18 Foreign exchange forward contracts Other Assets $ 262 ¥ 2,568,543 $ 186 Jan-16 - Dec-17 Foreign exchange forward contracts Other Liabilities $ (590 ) ¥ 6,106,852 $ (590 ) Jan-16 - Jun-16 Foreign exchange forward contracts Other Liabilities $ (617 ) C$ 123,802 $ (617 ) Jun-16 (A) Fortress has a master netting agreement with its counterparty. (B) Reflects unrealized gains (losses) related to contracts existing at period end. Total net foreign exchange gains (losses) from derivatives were $1.8 million , $26.7 million and $8.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 . Fortress's average notional amount outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $492.3 million . The following tables summarizes the fair value of Fortress's derivative contacts on a gross basis and any amount of offset as permitted by netting agreements as of December 31, 2015 . Net Amounts of Gross Amounts Offset Assets Presented Gross Amounts of in the Consolidated in the Consolidated Recognized Assets as of Balance Sheet as of Balance Sheet as of Offsetting of Derivative Assets December 31, 2015 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2015 Foreign exchange option contracts $ 23,616 $ (1,732 ) $ 21,884 Foreign exchange forward contracts 262 — 262 $ 23,878 $ (1,732 ) $ 22,146 Net Amounts of Gross Amounts Offset Liabilities Presented Gross Amounts of in the Consolidated in the Consolidated Recognized Liabilities as of Balance Sheet as of Balance Sheet as of Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities December 31, 2015 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2015 Foreign exchange option contracts $ (2,054 ) $ 1,060 $ (994 ) Foreign exchange forward contracts (1,207 ) — (1,207 ) $ (3,261 ) $ 1,060 $ (2,201 ) The counterparty on the outstanding derivatives is Citibank N.A. |