Financial Assets And Financial Liabilities | 6. Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy (see Note 2), financial assets and liabilities, measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31 , 2017 and December 31, 2016 . As required by ASC Topic 820, financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the respective fair value measurement. Financial Assets At Fair Value as of December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Securities segregated for regulatory purposes $ 4,519 $ — $ — $ 4,519 Financial instruments owned, at fair value Stocks 2,000 — 1 2,001 Options 1,052 — — 1,052 Warrants and discount certificates 5 — — 5 U.S. and foreign government securities 60 — — 60 Corporate and municipal bonds — 1 3 4 Currency forward contracts — 32 — 32 Total financial instruments owned, at fair value 3,117 33 4 3,154 Total financial assets at fair value $ 7,636 $ 33 $ 4 $ 7,673 Financial Liabilities At Fair Value as of December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value Stocks $ 302 $ — $ — $ 302 Options 464 — — 464 Currency forward contracts — 1 — 1 Total financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value 766 1 — 767 Total financial liabilities at fair value $ 766 $ 1 $ — $ 767 Financial Assets At Fair Value as of December 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Securities segregated for regulatory purposes $ 7,398 $ — $ — $ 7,398 Financial instruments owned, at fair value Stocks 1,821 — — 1,821 Options 1,804 — — 1,804 Warrants and discount certificates 43 — — 43 U.S. and foreign government securities 363 — — 363 Corporate and municipal bonds — 2 1 3 Currency forward contracts — 3 — 3 Total financial instruments owned, at fair value 4,031 5 1 4,037 Total financial assets at fair value $ 11,429 $ 5 $ 1 $ 11,435 Financial Liabilities At Fair Value as of December 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value Stocks $ 839 $ — $ — $ 839 Options 1,286 — — 1,286 Warrants and discount certificates 1 — — 1 Currency forward contracts — 19 — 19 Total financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value 2,126 19 — 2,145 Total financial liabilities at fair value $ 2,126 $ 19 $ — $ 2,145 Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 Transfers of financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value to or from Levels 1 and 2 arise where the market for a specific financial instrument has become active or inactive during the period. The fair values transferred are ascribed as if the financial assets or financial liabilities had been transferred as of the end of the period. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , there were no transfers between levels for financial assets and liabilities, at fair value. Level 3 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities The Company’s Level 3 financial assets are comprised of delisted and illiquid securities reported within financial instruments owned, at fair value in the consolidated statements of financial condition. During the year ended December 31, 2017 financial assets included $1 million of Level 3 securities which were transferred from Level 1 as certain stocks were no longer tradable in active markets and were valued by the Company based on internal estimates . In addition, the Company purchased a $2 million convertible bond in a private placement, which is classified as Level 3. During the year ended December 31, 2016 financial assets included $1 million of Level 3 securities which were transferred from Level 2 as a result of a security becoming illiquid. Trading Gains from Market Making Transactions Trading gains and losses from market making transactions reported in the statements of comprehensive income, by major product type, are comprised of : Year-Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in millions) Equities $ 42 $ 155 $ 254 Fixed income — — 1 Foreign exchange (2) 8 14 Total trading gains, net $ 40 $ 163 $ 269 These transactions are related to the Company’s financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value and include both derivative and non ‑derivative financial instruments, including exchange traded options and futures. These gains and losses also include market making related dividend and fixed income trading related interest income and expense. The gain s (losses) in the table above are not representative of the integrated trading strategies applied by the Company, which utilizes financial instruments across various product types. Gains and losses in one product type frequently offset gains and losses in other product types. Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value The following table s represent the carrying value, fair value, and fair value hierarchy category of certain financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value in the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition. The following table excludes certain financial instruments such as equity investments and all non-financial assets and liabilities : December 31, 2017 Carrying Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (in millions) Financial assets, not measured at fair value Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,732 $ 1,732 $ 1,732 $ - $ - Cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes 15,713 15,713 6,547 9,166 - Securities borrowed 2,957 2,957 - 2,957 - Securities purchased under agreements to resell 2,035 2,035 - 2,035 - Receivables from customer 29,821 29,821 - 29,821 - Receivables from broker, dealers, and clearing organizations 823 823 - 823 - Interest receivable 116 116 - 116 - Other assets 6 6 - 6 - Total financial assets, not measured at fair value $ 53,203 $ 53,203 $ 8,279 $ 44,924 $ - Financial liabilities, not measured at fair value Short-term borrowings $ 15 $ 15 $ - $ 15 $ - Securities loaned 4,444 4,444 - 4,444 - Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 1,316 1,316 - 1,316 - Payables to customer 47,548 47,548 - 47,548 - Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations 283 283 - 283 - Interest payable 22 22 - 22 - Total financial liabilities, not measured at fair value $ 53,628 $ 53,628 $ - $ 53,628 $ - December 31, 2016 Carrying Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (in millions) Financial assets, not measured at fair value Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,925 $ 1,925 $ 1,925 $ - $ - Cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes 16,619 16,619 5,624 10,995 - Securities borrowed 3,629 3,629 - 3,629 - Securities purchased under agreements to resell 111 111 - 111 - Receivables from customer 19,409 19,409 - 19,409 Receivables from broker, dealers, and clearing organizations 1,040 1,040 - 1,040 - Interest receivable 57 57 - 57 - Other assets 28 32 - 32 - Total financial assets, not measured at fair value $ 42,818 $ 42,822 $ 7,549 $ 35,273 $ - Financial liabilities, not measured at fair value Short-term borrowings $ 74 $ 74 $ - $ 74 $ - Securities loaned 4,293 4,293 - 4,293 - Payables to customer 41,731 41,731 - 41,731 - Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations 239 239 - 239 - Interest payable 6 6 - 6 - Total financial liabilities, not measured at fair value $ 46,343 $ 46,343 $ - $ 46,343 $ - Netting of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities It is the Company’s policy to net securities borrowed and securities loaned, and securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase that meet the offsetting requirements prescribed in ASC Topic 210-20. In the tables below, the amounts of financial instruments that are not offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition, but could be netted against cash or financial instruments with specific counterparties under master netting agreements, according to the terms of the agreements, including clearing houses (exchange traded options, warrants and discount certificates) or over the counter currency forward contract counterparties, are presented to provide financial statement readers with the Company’s net payable or receivable with counterparties for these financial instruments. The following tables set forth the netting of financial assets and of financial liabilities as of December 31 , 2017 and December 31, 2016: December 31, 2017 Gross Amounts Not Offset Amounts Amounts Net Amounts in the of Financial Offset in the Presented in the Consolidated Statement Assets and Consolidated Consolidated of Financial Condition Liabilities Statement of Statement of Cash or Financial Recognized Financial Condition 2 Financial Condition Instruments Net Amount (in millions) Offsetting of Financial Assets Securities segregated for regulatory purposes - purchased under agreements to resell $ 9,166 1 $ — $ 9,166 $ (9,166) $ — Securities borrowed 2,957 — 2,957 (2,822) 135 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 2,035 — 2,035 (2,035) — Financial Instruments owned, at fair value Options 1,052 — 1,052 (451) 601 Warrants and discount certificates 5 — 5 — 5 Currency forward contracts 32 — 32 — 32 Total $ 15,247 $ — $ 15,247 $ (14,474) $ 773 (in millions) Offsetting of Financial Liabilities Securities loaned $ 4,444 $ — $ 4,444 $ (4,201) $ 243 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 1,316 — 1,316 (1,316) — Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value Options 464 — 464 (451) 13 Warrants and discount certificates — — — — — Currency forward contracts 1 — 1 — 1 Total $ 6,225 $ — $ 6,225 $ (5,968) $ 257 December 31, 2016 Gross Amounts Not Offset Amounts Amounts Net Amounts in the of Financial Offset in the Presented in the Consolidated Statement Assets and Consolidated Consolidated of Financial Condition Liabilities Statement of Statement of Cash or Financial Recognized Financial Condition 2 Financial Condition Instruments Net Amount (in millions) Offsetting of Financial Assets Securities segregated for regulatory purposes - purchased under agreements to resell $ 10,995 1 $ — $ 10,995 $ (10,995) $ — Securities borrowed 3,629 — 3,629 (3,488) 141 Securities purchased under agreements to resell 111 — 111 (111) — Financial Instruments owned, at fair value Options 1,804 — 1,804 (1,230) 574 Warrants and discount certificates 43 — 43 (1) 42 Currency forward contracts 3 — 3 — 3 Total $ 16,585 $ — $ 16,585 $ (15,825) $ 760 (in millions) Offsetting of Financial Liabilities Securities loaned $ 4,293 $ — $ 4,293 $ (4,158) $ 135 Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value Options 1,286 — 1,286 (1,230) 56 Warrants and discount certificates 1 — 1 (1) — Currency forward contracts 19 — 19 — 19 Total $ 5,599 $ — $ 5,599 $ (5,389) $ 210 (1) As of December 31 , 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company had $9.2 billion and $ 11.0 billion, respectively, of securities purchased under agreements to resell that were segregated to satisfy regulatory requirements. These securities are included in “Cash and securities - segregated for regulatory purposes” in the consolidated statements of financial condition. (2) The Company did not have any balances eligible for netting in accordance with ASC Topic 210-20 at December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Secured Financing Transactions – Maturities and Collateral Pledged The following table s present gross obligations for securities loaned transactions by remaining contractual maturity and class of collateral pledged as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: December 31, 2017 Remaining Contractual Maturity Overnight Less than 30 – 90 Over 90 and Open 30 days days days Total (in millions) Securities loaned Stocks $ 4,389 $ - $ - $ - $ 4,389 Corporate bonds 55 - - - 55 Total securities loaned 4,444 - - - 4,444 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase U.S. government securities 1,316 - - - 1,316 Total $ 5,760 $ - $ - $ - $ 5,760 December 31, 2016 Remaining Contractual Maturity Overnight Less than 30 – 90 Over 90 and Open 30 days days days Total (in millions) Securities Loaned Stocks $ 4,269 $ - $ - $ - $ 4,269 Corporate bonds 24 - - - 24 Total $ 4,293 $ - $ - $ - $ 4,293 |