Stockholders' Equity | 8. Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock January 2021 Offering In January 2021, the Company completed an S-1 offering (the “January 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 580,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 120,000 shares of its common stock, and common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 700,000 shares of common stock. To the extent that an investor determines, at their sole discretion, that they would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitations (or as such investor may otherwise choose), in lieu of purchasing shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants, such investor could have elected to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants at the Pre-Funded Purchase Price in lieu of the shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants in such a manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such investor to the Company. The combined purchase price of one share of common stock and the accompanying common stock warrant was $ 20.00 , and the combined purchase price of one pre-funded warrant and accompanying common stock warrant was $ 19.998 . The common stock warrants are exercisable for five ( 5 ) years at an exercise price of $ 20.00 per share. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $ 0.002 per share and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. Placement agent warrants were issued to purchase up to 35,000 shares of common stock, are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $ 25.00 per share, and are exercisable for five ( 5 ) years following the date of issuance. The Company received gross proceeds of $ 14.0 million and incurred placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses of approximately $ 1.9 million. The warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $ 7.2 million and $ 0.3 million, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility 80.08 %, risk-free interest rate 0.38 %, expected dividend yield 0 %, and an expected term of 5.0 years. As of December 31, 2022, a total of 336,060 warrants issued in the January 2021 Offering to purchase shares of common stock have been exercised and the Company issued 336,060 shares of its common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $ 6.8 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 387,565 shares and 11,375 shares of co mmon stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the January 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $ 20.00 per share and $ 25.00 per share, respectively. June 2021 Offering In June 2021, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “June 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 298,865 shares of common stock, together with accompanying warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 239,093 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $ 22.00 per share. The accompanying warrants permit the investor to purchase additional shares equal to 80 % of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the investor. The warrants have an exercise price of $ 20.00 per share, are immediately exercisable, and expire five and a half ( 5.5 ) years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants equal to 5.0 %, or 14,946 shares, of the aggregate number of common stock sold in the offering, which are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $ 27.50 and expire five ( 5 ) years following the date of issuance on June 7, 2026. The Company received gross proceeds of $ 6.6 million and incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $ 0.9 million. The warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $ 3.0 million and $ 0.2 million, respectively, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility 81.44 % and 80.15 %, risk-free interest rate 0.88 % and 0.77 %, expected dividend yield 0 % and 0 %, and an expected term of 5.5 years or 5.0 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 , no warrants associated with the June 2021 Offering have been exercised. As of December 31, 2022 , the Company had 90,910 shares and 14,946 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the June 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $ 20.00 per share and $ 27.50 per share, respectively. In connection with the July 2022 Offering, the Company agreed to amend warrants, by reducing the exercise price and extending the expiration date, to purchase up to an aggregate of 148,183 shares of common stock of the Company that were originally issued to the investor in the June 2021 Offering. Refer to July 2022 Offering overview below for accounting treatment for the amended warrants. December 2021 Offering In December 2021, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “December 2021 Offering”) of an aggregate of 411,764 shares of common stock and 411,766 warrants to purchase up to 411,766 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $ 8.50 per share. The accompanying warrants permit the investor to purchase additional shares equal to approximately the same number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased by the investor. The warrants have an exercise price of $ 8.50 per share, may be exercised any time on or after 6 months and one (1) day after the issuance date, and expire five and a half ( 5.5 ) years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company’s placement agent was issued compensatory warrants equal to 5.0 %, or 20,590 shares, of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, which are immediately exercisable for an exercise price of $ 10.626 and expire five and a half ( 5.5 ) years following the date of issuance on June 21, 2027. The Company received gross proceeds of $ 3.5 million and incurred cash-based placement agent fees and other offering expenses of approximately $ 0.5 million. The placement agent warrants, which are recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity, were valued at an aggregate $ 0.1 million using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility of 79.81 %, risk-free interest rate of 1.21 %, expected dividend yield of 0 % and an expected term of 5.5 years. As of December 31, 2022 , no warrants associated with the December 2021 Offering have been exercised. As of December 31, 2022 , the Company had 164,707 shares and 20,590 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the December 2021 Offering, at an exercise price of $ 8.50 per share and $ 10.626 per share, respectively. In connection with the July 2022 Offering, the Company agreed to amend warrants, by reducing the exercise price and extending the expiration date, to purchase up to an aggregate of 247,059 shares of common stock of the Company that were originally issued to the investor in the December 2021 Offering. Refer to July 2022 Offering overview below for accounting treatment for the amended warrants. July 2022 Offering On July 12, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “July 2022 Purchase Agreement”) with a single healthcare-focused institutional investor for the sale by the Company of (i) a pre-funded warrant to purchase up to 1,774,309 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrant”), (ii) a Series A warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,774,309 shares of common stock (the “Series A Warrant”), and (iii) a Series B warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,774,309 shares of common stock (the “Series B Warrant,” and together with the Pre-Funded Warrant and the Series A Warrant, the “Warrants”), in a private placement offering (the “Offering”). The combined purchase price of one Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Series A Warrant and accompanying Series B Warrant was $ 2.818 . Subject to certain ownership limitations, the Series A Warrant became exercisable immediately after the issuance date at an exercise price equal to $ 2.568 per share of common stock, subject to adjustments as provided under the terms of the Series A Warrant, and has a term of five and a half ( 5.5 ) years from the issuance date. Subject to certain ownership limitations, the Series B Warrant became exercisable immediately after the issuance date at an exercise price equal to $ 2.568 per share of common stock, subject to adjustments as provided under the terms of the Series B Warrant, and has a term of one and a half ( 1.5 ) years from the issuance date. Subject to certain ownership limitations described in the Pre-Funded Warrant, the Pre-Funded Warrant was immediately exercisable and may be exercised at an exercise price of $ 0.0001 per share of common stock any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrant is exercised in full. As of December 31, 2022 , the Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,774,309 shares of common stock had been fully exercised and the Company issued 1,774,309 shares of common stock. The Company also agreed to amend certain warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 447,800 shares of common stock of the Company that were issued to the investor in the private placement in November 2020, June 2021 and December 2021 with exercise prices ranging from $ 8.50 to $ 34.00 per share and expiration dates ranging from May 18, 2026 to June 21, 2027 , so that such warrants have a reduced exercise price of $ 2.568 per share and expiration date of five and a half ( 5.5 ) years following the closing of the private placement, for an additional offering price of $ 0.0316 per amended warrant. The incremental fair value resulting from the modifications to the warrants was adjusted against the gross proceeds from the offering as an equity issuance cost. The gross proceeds to the Company were approximately $ 5 million, before deducting the placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Series A Warrant, the Series B Warrant, and amended warrants. The Series A warrants and placement agent warrants were valued at $ 3.8 million and $ 0.2 million, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility 79.28 %, risk-free interest rate 3.06 %, expected dividend yield 0 %, and an expected term of 5.5 years. The Series B warrants were valued at $ 2.3 million using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility 74.25 %, risk-free interest rate 3.16 %, expected dividend yield 0 %, and an expected term of 1.5 years. The amended warrants were valued at $ 1.0 million using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility 79.28 %, risk-free interest rate 3.06 %, expected dividend yield 0 %, and an expected term of 5.5 years. The estimated fair value of the original warrants immediately prior to the warrant amendments was $ 0.5 million using Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: expected volatility ranging from 81.21 – 83.34 %, risk-free interest rates of 3.06 – 3.16 %, expected dividend yield 0 %, and an expected terms of 3.84 – 4.94 years. The warrant modifications resulted in an estimated value of $ 0.5 million, measured as the incremental fair value of the amended warrants, and was adjusted against the gross proceeds from the offering. As of December 31, 2022 , no warrants associated with the July 2022 Purchase Agreement have been exercised. As of December 31, 2022 , the Company had 3,996,418 shares and 124,202 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the warrants and placement agent’s warrants, respectively, issued by the Company in the July 2022 Purchase Agreement, at an exercise price of $ 2.568 per share and $ 3.5225 per share, respectively. Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park In July 2020, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “2020 Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park which provided that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations in the 2020 Purchase Agreement, Lincoln Park was committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $ 10.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during a 24 month period that began in July 2020 and at prices based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the time of each sale. Upon execution of the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company sold 16,425 shares of common stock at $ 60.88 per share to Lincoln Park for gross proceeds of $ 1.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold an additional 15,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for gross proceeds of approximately $ 0.5 million. In addition, in consideration for entering into the 2020 Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 3,348 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not sell any shares of common stock to Lincoln Park. The 2020 Purchase Agreement expired automatically pursuant to its term on August 1, 2022, and the Company did not sell any additional shares of common stock to Lincoln Park through the date of expiration of the 2020 Purchase Agreement. Common Stock Warrants In 2016, Private Histogen issued warrants to purchase common stock as consideration for settlement of prior liability claims. The warrants for the purchase of up to 180 common shares at an exercise price of $ 461.60 per share expired on July 31, 2021 . In addition, at December 31, 2022, warrants to purchase 68 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $ 1,486.00 per share remain outstanding that were issued by Conatus in connection with obtaining financing in 2016. T hese warrants expire on July 3, 2023 . See warrant discussion above in connection with the January 2021 Offering, the June 2021 Offering, the December 2021 Offering, and the July 2022 Offering. Stock-Based Compensation Equity Incentive Plans On December 18, 2017, Private Histogen established the Histogen Inc. 2017 Stock Plan (the “2017 Plan”). Under the 2017 Plan, Private Histogen was authorized to issue a maximum aggregate of 41,861 shares of common stock with adjustments for unissued or forfeited shares under the predecessor plan (the Histogen Inc. 2007 Stock Plan). In April 2019, Private Histogen amended the 2017 Plan, which increased the number of common stock available for grants by 16,336 shares. The 2017 Plan permitted the issuance of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-statutory stock options (“NSOs”), and Stock Purchase Rights. NSOs could be granted to employees, directors, or consultants, while ISOs could be granted only to employees. Options granted vest over a maximum period of four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. In connection with the closing of the Merger, no further awards will be made under the 2017 Plan. In May 2020, in connection with the closing of the Merger, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan equals the sum of (a) 42,500 shares; (b) any shares of common stock of the Company which are subject to awards under the Conatus 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Conatus 2013 Plan”) as of the effective date of the 2020 Plan which become available for issuance under the 2020 Plan after such date in accordance with its terms; and (c) an annual increase on the first day of each calendar year beginning with the January 1 of the calendar year following the effectiveness of the 2020 Plan and ending with the last January 1 during the initial ten-year term of the 2020 Plan, equal to the lesser of (i) five percent of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding (on an as-converted basis) on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year, and (ii) such lesser number of shares of the Company’s common stock as determined by the Company’s board of directors. Additionally, in connection with the closing of the Merger, no further awards will be made under the Conatus 2013 Plan. As of December 31, 2022, 4,887 ful ly vested options remain outstanding under the Conatus 2013 Plan with a weighted average exercise price of $ 859.59 per share. The following summarizes activity related to the Company’s stock options under the 2017 Plan and the 2020 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022: Options Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Outstanding at December 31, 2021 111,418 $ 37.62 6.78 $ — Granted 67,300 4.54 Cancelled / Forfeited ( 65,439 ) 31.83 Outstanding at December 31, 2022 113,279 21.30 8.09 $ — Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 41,101 $ 39.60 6.54 $ — Prior Chief Executive Officer Stock Options On January 24, 2019, the Company issued 22,909 stock options to its then newly appointed Chief Executive Officer. In accordance with the original award agreement, 40 % of the options would vest immediately upon an initial public offering or 45 days following a change in control, as defined in the award agreement, while the remaining 60 % are subject to vesting, of which 25 % vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and then ratably over the remaining 36 months. On January 28, 2020, the award agreement was amended, which became effective upon the close of the Merger in May 2020, whereby the 40 % of stock options (“Liquidity Option Shares”) subject to vesting upon an initial public offering or 45 days following a change in control will now vest immediately upon meeting certain performance and market condition-based criteria. The vesting of the Liquidity Option Shares is divided into four separate tranches, each vesting 25 % of the Liquidity Option Shares, upon: (1) the closing of the proposed merger with Conatus; (2) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $ 200.0 million; (3) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $ 275.0 million, and; (4) the date that the market capitalization of the Company exceeds $ 300.0 million. Each vesting tranche represents a unique derived service period and therefore stock-based compensation expense for each vesting tranche is recognized on a straight-line basis over its respective derived service period. Additionally, in the event that the Chief Executive Officer’s employment with the Company is terminated without cause or he resigns for good reason, an additional portion of the stock options award will vest equal to the number of such options which would have vested in the 12 months following the date of such termination. On May 26, 2020, in connection with the closing of the Merger, 2,426 options of the Liquidity Option Shares became fully vested as the performance condition was achieved. In November 2021, the Company’s then President and Chief Executive Officer voluntarily resigned. No further stock-based compensation expense related to the market-based options will be recognized. As of December 31, 2022, the vested option awards expired unexercised. Board of Directors and Employee Stock Options In March 2021, in conjunction with a former Board Member’s voluntary resignation, the Company modified stock-based payment awards by accelerating the vesting of all awards that were unvested at the time of his voluntary resignation and by extending the exercise period through December 31, 2021. As a result of the modification, the Company recorded an immaterial amount of additional stock-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, the awards expired unexercised. In June 2021, in conjunction with a former employees’ voluntary resignation, the Company modified stock-based payment awards by accelerating the vesting of all awards that were unvested at the time of the voluntary resignation and by extending the exercise period through August 29, 2023. Valuation of Stock Option Awards The following weighted-average assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of awards granted to employees, non-employees and directors: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Expected volatility 78.95 % 78.69 % Risk-free interest rate 2.14 % 0.85 % Expected option life (in years) 6.02 6.08 Expected dividend yield —% —% Restricted Stock Units On November 8, 2021, the Company granted 23,423 restricted stock units to the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Senior Vice President of Technical Operations. The fair value of the RSUs was $ 14.58 per share, which was the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The RSUs vest in full upon the earlier of (1) 12 months following the grant date and (2) a change of control of the Company, as defined in the Company’s 2020 Plan, subject to continued service to the Company. Prior to RSU vesting, the Company and the RSU recipients mutually agreed to enter into RSU Cancellation Agreements such that the RSU awards shall no longer be outstanding. As of December 31, 2022, no restricted stock units remain outstanding. Stock-based Compensation Expense The compensation cost that has been included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for all stock-based compensation arrangements is detailed as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 General and administrative $ 470 $ 520 Research and development 32 184 Total $ 502 $ 704 As of December 31, 2022 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options was approximately $ 0.5 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.29 years. Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance Common stock reserved for future issuance is as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 Common stock warrants 4,876,639 1,186,307 Common stock options issued and outstanding 118,166 116,311 Common stock available for issuance under stock plan 100,577 2,309 5,095,382 1,304,927 |