Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts for the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Opiant Pharmaceuticals UK Limited. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were $48.3 million, and $31.0 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company maintains cash balances at financial institutions insured up to $250,000 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") and as of December 31, 2020 maintains the majority of its cash balances in money market funds not insured by the FDIC. The Company also transfers certain daily available cash balances to an overnight account which earns interest and the amounts are not insured by the FDIC. Balances in the United Kingdom are insured up to £85,000 by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (United Kingdom Equivalent). Although the Company’s cash balances exceeded these insured amounts, the Company has not experienced any losses on its cash and cash equivalents for the periods presented. Accounts Receivable The Company routinely assesses the recoverability of receivables to determine collectability by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay. The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering such factors as the length of time balances are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligations to the Company and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company has evaluated its accounts receivable history and determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts is required for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. At December 31, 2020 and 2019 the Company's accounts receivable were primarily concentrated with one party, EBS. Long-Lived Assets The Company follows ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment , for its fixed assets. Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over estimated useful lives (3 to7 years). The Company capitalizes all asset purchases greater than $2,500 having a useful life greater than one year. The Company follows ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other for its intellectual property asset. Intellectual property consists of patents which are stated at their fair value acquisition cost. Amortization is calculated by the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives (20 years). The Company recorded depreciation and amortization of $123,680 and $60,809 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Long-lived assets such as property and equipment and identifiable intangibles are reviewed for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. When required, impairment losses on assets to be held and used are recognized based on the fair value of the asset. The fair value is determined based on estimates of future cash flows, market value of similar assets, if available, or independent appraisals, if required. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the asset. When fair values are not available, the Company estimates fair value using the expected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk associated with the recovery of the assets. The Company did not recognize any impairment losses for any years presented. Earnings (Loss) per Share The Company follows ASC 260, Earnings per Share . Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the respective period presented in the Company’s accompanying consolidated financial statements. Fully diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed similar to basic income (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of Common Stock equivalents (primarily outstanding options and warrants). Common Stock equivalents represent the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants, using the treasury stock method, at either the beginning of the respective period presented or the date of issuance, whichever is later, and only if the Common Stock equivalents are considered dilutive based upon the Company’s net income position at the calculation date. For the year ended December 31, 2020, Common Stock equivalents consisting of 3,077,260 stock options and 278,800 warrants were excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive due to the Company's net loss. The following table illustrates the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of the Company’s outstanding stock options and warrants, using the treasury stock method, for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: Year Ended Year Ended Numerator: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Net Income (loss) $ (1,861,449) $ 11,593,050 Denominator: Denominator for basic income (loss) per share - weighted average shares 4,249,832 4,018,464 Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options and warrants — 1,323,914 Denominator for diluted income (loss) per share 4,249,832 5,342,378 Income (loss) per share - Basic $ (0.44) $ 2.88 Income (loss) per share - Diluted $ (0.44) $ 2.17 Research and Development Costs The Company follows ASC 730, Research and Development , and expenses all research and development costs as incurred for which there is no alternative future use. These costs also include the expensing of employee compensation and employee stock based compensation Foreign Currency Translation The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the United States dollar. The functional currency of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Opiant Pharmaceuticals UK Limited ("Opiant UK") is the British Pound, its local currency. Consequently, the assets and liabilities are translated at current rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average foreign currency exchange rates for the period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of the financial statements of Opiant UK, into U.S. dollars, the reporting currency, are excluded from the determination of net loss and are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, a separate component of equity. Gains and losses arising on settlement of foreign currency denominated transactions or balances are included in the determination of income. Stock-Based Compensation ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation prescribes accounting and reporting standards for all share-based payment transactions in which employee services are acquired. Transactions include incurring liabilities, or issuing or offering to issue shares, options, and other equity instruments such as employee stock ownership plans and stock appreciation rights. Share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized as compensation expense in the consolidated financial statements based on their fair values. That expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which aligns the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to non-employees with the guidance applicable to grants to employees. Under this new standard, equity-classified share-based payment awards issued to non-employees will be measured on the grant date, instead of the current requirement to remeasure the awards through the performance completion date. Further, compensation cost for awards with performance conditions will be recognized when it is probable the conditions will be achieved, rather than upon actual achievement of the conditions. The Company adopted this standard January 1, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company had stock-based compensation of $2.3 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Fair Value of Financial Instruments ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3 - Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. The carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. These financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and long-term debt. The carrying value of long-term debt approximates fair value since the related rate of interest approximates current market rates. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any financial assets or liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis. Revenue Recognition The Company generates a large majority of revenue from the agreement with EBS. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized 93% of revenue from its agreement with EBS. In May 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standard update ("ASU”), 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU amends the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition and is based on the principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers using the modified retrospective method, and the Company determined the new guidance does not change the Company's policy of revenue recognition. The Company's primary source of revenue is through the recognition of royalty and milestone payments from EBS. Milestone revenue is recognized upon successful accomplishment of certain sales targets set forth in the EBS Agreement. Royalty revenue is determined based on the agreed upon royalty rate applied to NARCAN® sales reported by EBS. There are no performance obligations by the Company and the Company recognizes revenue according to the royalty report provided by EBS on a quarterly basis. In regards to treatment revenue, the Company received certain investments from investors in return for an interest in its existing treatments. Investors carry an option to exchange investment into shares of the Company. Revenue is deferred until such time that the option expires or milestones are achieved that eliminate the investor’s right to exercise the option. Once the option has expired, the Company determined its performance obligations under the agreement which typically is to perform R&D services related to treatments and recognizes revenue over a period of time which is usually the expected research and development period. The treatment revenue is disaggregated by program treatments. (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Revenue). In June 2018, the FASB issued guidance clarifying the revenue recognition and measurement issues for grants, contracts, and similar arrangements, ASU Topic 958. Government grants and contracts are agreements that generally provide cost reimbursement for certain types of expenditures in return for research and development activities over a contractually defined period. The Company has evaluated its grant with National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) and the contract with Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (“BARDA”) and determined they are non-exchange transactions and fall within the scope of ASU 958, and revenue should be recognized in accordance with Topic 958 guidance. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue from its grant and contract in the period during which the related costs are incurred, provided that the conditions under which the grants and contracts were provided have been met and only perfunctory performance obligations are outstanding. Licensing Agreement Pursuant to the Adapt Agreement, the Company provided a global license to develop and commercialize the Company’s intranasal naloxone opioid overdose reversal treatment, now known as NARCAN®. On December 15, 2014, the Company entered into a License Agreement (the "Adapt Agreement") with Adapt Pharma Operations Limited (“Adapt”), an Ireland based pharmaceutical company. Emergent BioSolutions, Inc acquired Adapt in October 2018 and Adapt became its wholly owned subsidiary (collectively with Adapt, “EBS”). Pursuant to the Adapt Agreement, we provided a global license to develop and commercialize our intranasal naloxone opioid overdose reversal treatment, now known as NARCAN®. In addition, on the SWK Closing Date, in connection with the SWK Purchase Agreement, as disclosed below, we entered into the EBS Amendment which amends the terms of the Adapt Agreement relating to the grant of a commercial sublicense outside of the United States and diligence efforts for commercialization of our Opioid Overdose Reversal Treatment Product. Under the terms of the EBS Amendment, EBS is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize the Opioid Overdose Reversal Treatment Product in the United States. In the event that EBS wishes to grant a commercial sublicense to a third party in the European Union or the United Kingdom, we have agreed to negotiate an additional amendment to the Adapt Agreement to include reduced financial terms with respect to the commercial sublicense. The Company also receives payments upon reaching various sales and regulatory milestones, as well as royalty payments for commercial sales of NARCAN® generated by EBS. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized royalty and milestone revenue of $27.4 million and $37.6 million, respectively. Interest in Treatments With respect to investments in interests in treatments, if an agreement provides an option that allows the investor in the treatment to convert an interest in a treatment into shares of Common Stock, then revenue is deferred until such time that the option expires or milestones are achieved that eliminate the investor’s right to exercise the option. Upon expiration of the exercise option, the deliverables of the arrangement are reviewed and evaluated under ASC 606. In the event the investor chooses to convert interests into shares of Common Stock, that transaction will be accounted for similar to a sale of shares of Common Stock for cash. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, or other standard setting bodies and adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations upon adoption. The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, "Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity." This new standard simplifies and adds disclosure requirements for the accounting and measurement of convertible instruments. It eliminates the treasury stock method for convertible instruments and requires application of the “if-converted” method for certain agreements. This standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning January 1, 2022. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning January 1, |