FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Financial Instruments [Abstract] | ' |
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | ' |
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
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In the normal course of its business, the Company purchases and sells various financial instruments, which include listed and unlisted equities, corporate and sovereign debt, commodities, futures, put and call options, currency forwards, other derivatives and similar instruments sold, not yet purchased. |
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Fair Value Hierarchy |
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The Company’s financial instruments are carried at fair value, and the net unrealized gains or losses are included in net investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of income. |
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The following table presents the Company’s investments, categorized by the level of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2014: |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair value measurements as of September 30, 2014 | | | | | | | | |
| | Quoted prices in | | Significant other | | Significant | | Total | | | | | | | | |
| active markets | observable | unobservable | | | | | | | | |
Description | (Level 1) | inputs | inputs | | | | | | | | |
| | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
Assets: | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Debt instruments | | $ | — | | | $ | 23,026 | | | $ | 622 | | | $ | 23,648 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Listed equity securities | | 1,210,244 | | | 4,266 | | | — | | | 1,214,510 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Commodities | | 99,016 | | | — | | | — | | | 99,016 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Private and unlisted equity securities | | — | | | — | | | 50,910 | | | 50,910 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Financial contracts receivable | | 8,026 | | | 29,077 | | | — | | | 37,103 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 1,317,286 | | | $ | 56,369 | | | $ | 51,532 | | | $ | 1,425,187 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Listed equity securities, sold not yet purchased | | $ | (848,950 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (848,950 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Debt instruments, sold not yet purchased | | — | | | (264,350 | ) | | — | | | (264,350 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Financial contracts payable | | — | | | (30,133 | ) | | — | | | (30,133 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | (848,950 | ) | | $ | (294,483 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,143,433 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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The following table presents the Company’s investments, categorized by the level of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2013: |
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| | Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | |
| | Quoted prices in | | Significant other | | Significant | | Total | | | | | | | | |
| active markets | observable | unobservable | | | | | | | | |
Description | (Level 1) | inputs | inputs | | | | | | | | |
| | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
Assets: | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Debt instruments | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,785 | | | $ | 527 | | | $ | 4,312 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Listed equity securities | | 1,274,920 | | | 7,236 | | | — | | | 1,282,156 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Commodities | | 60,888 | | | — | | | — | | | 60,888 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Private and unlisted equity securities | | — | | | — | | | 46,323 | | | 46,323 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Financial contracts receivable | | 4,500 | | | 99,548 | | | — | | | 104,048 | | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | 1,340,308 | | | $ | 110,569 | | | $ | 46,850 | | | $ | 1,497,727 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Listed equity securities, sold not yet purchased | | $ | (917,123 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (917,123 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Debt instruments, sold not yet purchased | | — | | | (194,567 | ) | | — | | | (194,567 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Financial contracts payable | | — | | | (18,857 | ) | | — | | | (18,857 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | (917,123 | ) | | $ | (213,424 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,130,547 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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The following table presents the reconciliation of the balances for all investments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014: |
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| | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Three months ended September 30, 2014 | | Nine months ended September 30, 2014 |
| | Debt instruments | | Private and unlisted equity securities | | Total | | Debt instruments | | Private and unlisted equity securities | | Total |
| | ($ in thousands) | | ($ in thousands) |
Beginning balance | | $ | 601 | | | $ | 50,827 | | | $ | 51,428 | | | $ | 527 | | | $ | 46,323 | | | $ | 46,850 | |
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Purchases | | — | | | 961 | | | 961 | | | — | | | 3,032 | | | 3,032 | |
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Sales | | — | | | (10 | ) | | (10 | ) | | — | | | (2,071 | ) | | (2,071 | ) |
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Issuances | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Settlements | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings, net | | 21 | | | 3,176 | | | 3,197 | | | 95 | | | 7,670 | | | 7,765 | |
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Transfers into Level 3 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Transfers out of Level 3 | | — | | | (4,044 | ) | | (4,044 | ) | | — | | | (4,044 | ) | | (4,044 | ) |
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Ending balance | | $ | 622 | | | $ | 50,910 | | | $ | 51,532 | | | $ | 622 | | | $ | 50,910 | | | $ | 51,532 | |
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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, $4.0 million securities, at fair value based on the date of transfer, were transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 as these securities began actively trading on a listed exchange during the third quarter. However, due to lock-up restrictions on these securities, they were classified as Level 2 upon transfer until the lock-up period expires. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, $10.0 million of securities at fair value based on the date of transfer, were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 as the lock-up period restrictions on those securities expired. There were no other transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. |
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The following table presents the reconciliation of the balances for all investments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013: |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Three months ended September 30, 2013 | | Nine months ended September 30, 2013 |
| | Debt instruments | | Private and unlisted equity securities | | Total | | Debt instruments | | Private and unlisted equity securities | | Total |
| | ($ in thousands) | | ($ in thousands) |
Beginning balance | | $ | 4,838 | | | $ | 43,257 | | | $ | 48,095 | | | $ | 260 | | | $ | 38,801 | | | $ | 39,061 | |
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Purchases | | 3,604 | | | 416 | | | 4,020 | | | 8,230 | | | 31,756 | | | 39,986 | |
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Sales | | — | | | (829 | ) | | (829 | ) | | (28 | ) | | (6,934 | ) | | (6,962 | ) |
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Issuances | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Settlements | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings, net | | — | | | 2,198 | | | 2,198 | | | (20 | ) | | 1,055 | | | 1,035 | |
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Transfers into Level 3 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Transfers out of Level 3 | | — | | | (4,945 | ) | | (4,945 | ) | | — | | | (24,581 | ) | | (24,581 | ) |
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Ending balance | | $ | 8,442 | | | $ | 40,097 | | | $ | 48,539 | | | $ | 8,442 | | | $ | 40,097 | | | $ | 48,539 | |
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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, $4.9 million of securities, at fair value based on the date of transfer, were transferred from Level 3 to Level 2, as these securities began actively trading on a listed exchange during the third quarter of 2013. However due to lock-up restrictions on these securities, they were classified as Level 2 upon transfer until the lock-up period expires. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $19.6 million of securities at fair value based on the date of transfer, were transferred from Level 3 to Level 1 as these securities began actively trading on a listed exchange and there were no lock-up restrictions on these securities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, $2.4 million of securities at fair value based on the date of transfer, were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 as the lock-up period restrictions on those securities expired. There were no other transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. |
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For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, included in net investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of income were net realized gains relating to Level 3 securities of $0.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively (2013: net realized gains of $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively). |
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For Level 3 classified securities held as of the reporting date, net unrealized gains for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 of $2.4 million and $6.7 million, respectively (three and nine months ended September 30, 2013: net unrealized gain of $1.2 million and net unrealized loss of $1.5 million, respectively), were included in net investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of income. |
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Investments |
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Debt instruments, trading |
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At September 30, 2014, the following investments were included in debt instruments: |
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| | Cost/ | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
amortized | gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
cost | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – U.S. | | $ | 2,116 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,494 | ) | | $ | 622 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – Non U.S. | | 5,870 | | | 204 | | | (666 | ) | | 5,408 | | | | | | | | | |
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Sovereign debt – Non U.S. | | 17,712 | | | 202 | | | (296 | ) | | 17,618 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total debt instruments | | $ | 25,698 | | | $ | 406 | | | $ | (2,456 | ) | | $ | 23,648 | | | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2013, the following investments were included in debt instruments: |
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| | Cost/ | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
amortized | gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
cost | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – U.S. | | $ | 2,116 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,589 | ) | | $ | 527 | | | | | | | | | |
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Corporate debt – Non U.S. | | 3,761 | | | 115 | | | (91 | ) | | 3,785 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total debt instruments | | $ | 5,877 | | | $ | 115 | | | $ | (1,680 | ) | | $ | 4,312 | | | | | | | | | |
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The maturity distribution for debt instruments held at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was as follows: |
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| | 30-Sep-14 | | 31-Dec-13 | | | | | | | | |
| | Cost/ | | Fair | | Cost/ | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
amortized | value | amortized | value | | | | | | | | |
cost | | cost | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Within one year | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
From one to five years | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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From five to ten years | | 2,109 | | | 1,568 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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More than ten years | | 23,589 | | | 22,080 | | | 5,877 | | | 4,312 | | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | 25,698 | | | $ | 23,648 | | | $ | 5,877 | | | $ | 4,312 | | | | | | | | | |
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Investment in Equity Securities, Trading |
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At September 30, 2014, the following long positions were included in equity securities, trading: |
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| | Cost | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Equities – listed | | $ | 991,691 | | | $ | 243,728 | | | $ | (43,859 | ) | | $ | 1,191,560 | | | | | | | | | |
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Exchange traded funds | | 42,126 | | | — | | | (19,176 | ) | | 22,950 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total equity securities | | $ | 1,033,817 | | | $ | 243,728 | | | $ | (63,035 | ) | | $ | 1,214,510 | | | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2013, the following long positions were included in equity securities, trading: |
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| | Cost | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Equities – listed | | $ | 923,594 | | | $ | 361,695 | | | $ | (28,712 | ) | | $ | 1,256,577 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Exchange traded funds | | 50,253 | | | — | | | (24,674 | ) | | 25,579 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total equity securities | | $ | 973,847 | | | $ | 361,695 | | | $ | (53,386 | ) | | $ | 1,282,156 | | | | | | | | | |
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Other Investments |
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"Other investments" include commodities and private and unlisted equity securities. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, commodities were comprised of gold bullion. |
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At September 30, 2014, the following securities were included in other investments: |
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| | Cost | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Commodities | | $ | 95,815 | | | $ | 3,201 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 99,016 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Private and unlisted equity securities | | 38,299 | | | 14,707 | | | (2,096 | ) | | 50,910 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 134,114 | | | $ | 17,908 | | | $ | (2,096 | ) | | $ | 149,926 | | | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2013, the following securities were included in other investments: |
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| | Cost | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Commodities | | $ | 54,633 | | | $ | 6,255 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 60,888 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Private and unlisted equity securities | | 45,544 | | | 8,170 | | | (7,391 | ) | | 46,323 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 100,177 | | | $ | 14,425 | | | $ | (7,391 | ) | | $ | 107,211 | | | | | | | | | |
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As of September 30, 2014, included in private and unlisted equity securities are investments in private equity funds with a fair value of $11.7 million (December 31, 2013: $41.6 million) determined based on unadjusted net asset values reported by the managers of these securities. Some of these values were reported from periods prior to September 30, 2014. Also included in private and unlisted equity securities are investments in private equity funds with a fair value of $32.8 million (December 31, 2013: nil) determined based on the price of a transaction agreement between a third party and the private equity funds. Since the closing of the transaction agreement is subject to various shareholder and regulatory approvals, the purchase price was discounted to allow for the risk of the transaction not closing. As of December 31, 2013, these private equity funds were valued at $26.3 million based on unadjusted net asset values reported by the fund managers. |
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The private equity funds have varying lock-up periods and as of September 30, 2014, all of the funds had redemption restrictions, and therefore have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The redemption restrictions have been in place since inception of the investments and are not expected to lapse. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had $9.4 million (December 31, 2013: $6.3 million) of unfunded commitments relating to private equity funds whose fair values are determined based on unadjusted net asset values reported by the managers of these securities. These commitments are included in the amounts presented in the schedule of commitments and contingencies in Note 8 of these condensed consolidated financial statements. |
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Investments in Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased |
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At September 30, 2014, the following securities were included in investments in securities sold, not yet purchased: |
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| | Proceeds | | Unrealized gains | | Unrealized losses | | Fair value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Equities – listed | | $ | (763,551 | ) | | $ | 64,963 | | | $ | (128,315 | ) | | $ | (826,903 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Exchange traded funds | | (21,297 | ) | | 25 | | | (774 | ) | | (22,046 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – U.S. | | (7,066 | ) | | 316 | | | (11 | ) | | (6,761 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Sovereign debt – Non U.S. | | (246,589 | ) | | 3,331 | | | (14,332 | ) | | (257,590 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | (1,038,503 | ) | | $ | 68,635 | | | $ | (143,432 | ) | | $ | (1,113,300 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2013, the following securities were included in investments in securities sold, not yet purchased: |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Proceeds | | Unrealized gains | | Unrealized losses | | Fair value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Equities – listed | | $ | (836,708 | ) | | $ | 57,854 | | | $ | (130,621 | ) | | $ | (909,475 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Exchange traded funds | | (6,318 | ) | | — | | | (1,330 | ) | | (7,648 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – U.S. | | (8,135 | ) | | 2 | | | (235 | ) | | (8,368 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Sovereign debt – Non U.S. | | (170,375 | ) | | — | | | (15,824 | ) | | (186,199 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | (1,021,536 | ) | | $ | 57,856 | | | $ | (148,010 | ) | | $ | (1,111,690 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Financial Contracts |
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As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had entered into total return swaps, CDS, options, warrants, rights, futures, forwards and interest rate options contracts with various financial institutions to meet certain investment objectives. Under the terms of each of these financial contracts, the Company is either entitled to receive or is obligated to make payments which are based on the product of a formula contained within each contract that includes the change in the fair value of the underlying or reference security. |
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At September 30, 2014, the fair values of financial contracts outstanding were as follows: |
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Financial Contracts | | Listing | | Notional amount of | | Fair value of net assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
currency (1) | underlying instruments | (obligations) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | on financial | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial contracts receivable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | KRW | | 30,202 | | | $ | 1,167 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures | | USD | | 43,454 | | | 5,306 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate options | | USD | | 78,000 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Put options | | USD | | 272,799 | | | 11,873 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | GBP/HKD/RON/USD | | 155,717 | | | 16,037 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Warrants and rights on listed equities | | EUR/USD | | 4,874 | | | 2,720 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total financial contracts receivable, at fair value | | | | | | $ | 37,103 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial contracts payable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – corporate debt | | USD | | 221,198 | | | $ | (1,681 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – sovereign debt | | USD | | 251,467 | | | (2,345 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | EUR/GBP/HKD/INR | | 116,899 | | | (26,107 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total financial contracts payable, at fair value | | | | | | $ | (30,133 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) USD =S Dollar; JPY =apanese Yen; EUR =uro; GBP =ritish Pound; HKD =ong Kong Dollar; KRW =orean Won; RON =omanian New Leu; INR =ndian Rupee. |
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At December 31, 2013, the fair values of financial contracts outstanding were as follows: |
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Financial Contracts | | Listing | | Notional amount of | | Fair value of net assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
currency (1) | underlying instruments | (obligations) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | on financial | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial contracts receivable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | JPY | | 71,162 | | | $ | 383 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures | | JPY/USD | | 117,494 | | | 4,500 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate options | | USD | | 391,559 | | | 26 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Put options | | USD | | 217,359 | | | 12,923 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | EUR/GBP/HKD/USD | | 178,988 | | | 83,325 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Warrants and rights on listed equities | | EUR | | 5,237 | | | 2,891 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total financial contracts receivable, at fair value | | | | | | $ | 104,048 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial contracts payable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – corporate debt | | USD | | 273,877 | | | $ | (3,625 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – sovereign debt | | USD | | 251,467 | | | (3,980 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | KRW | | 32,100 | | | (58 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | EUR/GBP/HKD | | 36,983 | | | (11,194 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total financial contracts payable, at fair value | | | | | | $ | (18,857 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) USD =S Dollar; JPY =apanese Yen; EUR =uro; GBP =ritish Pound; HKD =ong Kong Dollar; KRW =orean Won; RON =omanian New Leu; INR =ndian Rupee. |
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As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, included in interest rate options are contracts on U.S. and Japanese interest rates denominated in U.S. dollars. Included in put options (under financial contracts receivable) are options on foreign currencies, primarily the Japanese Yen and the Chinese Yuan, denominated in U.S. dollars. |
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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company reported gains and losses on derivatives as follows: |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | Location of gains and losses on derivatives recognized in income | | Gain (loss) on derivatives recognized in income | Gain (loss) on derivatives recognized in income | | | | | | |
| | | | Three months ended September 30 | Nine months ended September 30 | | | | | | |
| | | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | |
| | | | ($ in thousands) | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – corporate debt | | Net investment income (loss) | | $ | (11 | ) | | $ | (589 | ) | | $ | (157 | ) | | $ | (2,847 | ) | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – sovereign debt | | Net investment income (loss) | | (72 | ) | | (942 | ) | | (286 | ) | | (957 | ) | | | | | | |
Forwards | | Net investment income (loss) | | 1,289 | | | (1,282 | ) | | (1,442 | ) | | 5,780 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Futures | | Net investment income (loss) | | 8,617 | | | 3,628 | | | 4,657 | | | 4,677 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Interest rate options | | Net investment income (loss) | | — | | | (97 | ) | | (26 | ) | | (62 | ) | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Options, warrants, and rights | | Net investment income (loss) | | 240 | | | (12,025 | ) | | (17,868 | ) | | 20,681 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | Net investment income (loss) | | (5,642 | ) | | 38,825 | | | 24,432 | | | 59,507 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Total | | | | $ | 4,421 | | | $ | 27,518 | | | $ | 9,310 | | | $ | 86,779 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
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The Company generally does not enter into derivatives for risk management or hedging purposes. The volume of derivative activities varies from period to period depending on potential investment opportunities. |
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For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company’s volume of derivative activities (based on notional amounts) was as follows: |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2014 | | Three months ended September 30 | | Nine months ended September 30 | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | Entered | | Exited | | Entered | | Exited | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | $ | — | | | $ | 10,943 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 74,134 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Futures | | — | | | 21,570 | | | 128,823 | | | 192,134 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Options, warrants and rights (1) | | 230,132 | | | — | | | 757,232 | | | 128,147 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Total return swaps | | 20,985 | | | 77,600 | | | 96,546 | | | 127,148 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 251,117 | | | $ | 110,113 | | | $ | 982,601 | | | $ | 521,563 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
(1) Exited amount excludes options which expired or were exercised during the period. |
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For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company’s volume of derivative activities (based on notional amounts) was as follows: |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2013 | | Three months ended September 30 | | Nine months ended September 30 | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | Entered | | Exited | | Entered | | Exited | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | $ | 30,817 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 417,754 | | | $ | 115,884 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Futures | | — | | | 12,778 | | | 218,519 | | | 180,027 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Interest rate options (1) | | — | | | 95,400 | | | — | | | 376,385 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Options, warrants and rights (1) | | 232,530 | | | 272,988 | | | 765,509 | | | 814,812 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Total return swaps | | 16,606 | | | 6,736 | | | 187,862 | | | 54,846 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 279,953 | | | $ | 387,902 | | | $ | 1,589,644 | | | $ | 1,541,954 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
(1) Exited amount excludes options which expired or were exercised during the period. |
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The Company does not offset its derivative instruments and presents all amounts in the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis. The Company has pledged cash collateral to derivative counterparties to support the current value of amounts due to the counterparties based on the value of the underlying security. |
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As of September 30, 2014, the gross and net amounts of derivative instruments and the cash collateral applicable to derivative instruments were as follows: |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
September 30, 2014 | | (i) | | (ii) | | (iii) =i) - (ii) | | (iv) Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet | | (v) =iii) + (iv) |
Description | | Gross amounts of recognized assets (liabilities) | | Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet | | Net amounts of assets (liabilities) presented in the balance sheet | | Financial instruments available for offset | | Cash collateral (received) pledged | | Net amount of asset (liability) |
| | ($ in thousands) |
Financial contracts receivable | | $ | 37,103 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 37,103 | | | $ | (18,469 | ) | | $ | (1,929 | ) | | $ | 16,705 | |
|
Financial contracts payable | | (30,133 | ) | | — | | | (30,133 | ) | | 18,469 | | | 11,664 | | | — | |
|
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As of December 31, 2013, the gross and net amounts of derivative instruments and the cash collateral applicable to derivative instruments were as follows: |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
31-Dec-13 | | (i) | | (ii) | | (iii) =i) - (ii) | | (iv) Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet | | (v) =iii) + (iv) |
Description | | Gross amounts of recognized assets (liabilities) | | Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet | | Net amounts of assets (liabilities) presented in the balance sheet | | Financial instruments available for offset | | Cash collateral (received) pledged | | Net amount of asset (liability) |
| | ($ in thousands) |
Financial contracts receivable | | $ | 104,048 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 104,048 | | | $ | (18,857 | ) | | $ | (49,422 | ) | | $ | 35,769 | |
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Financial contracts payable | | (18,857 | ) | | — | | | (18,857 | ) | | 18,857 | | | — | | | — | |
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