FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Investments Debt instruments, trading At September 30, 2018 , the following investments were included in debt instruments: Cost/amortized cost Unrealized gains Unrealized losses Fair ($ in thousands) Corporate debt – U.S. $ 716 $ — $ (691 ) $ 25 Total debt instruments $ 716 $ — $ (691 ) $ 25 At December 31, 2017 , the following investments were included in debt instruments: Cost/amortized cost Unrealized gains Unrealized losses Fair ($ in thousands) Corporate debt – U.S. $ 8,508 $ — $ (7,186 ) $ 1,322 Corporate debt – Non U.S. 2,109 — (2,057 ) 52 Municipal debt – U.S. 5,831 — (25 ) 5,806 Total debt instruments $ 16,448 $ — $ (9,268 ) $ 7,180 The maturity distribution for debt instruments held at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Cost/ Fair Cost/ Fair ($ in thousands) Within one year $ — $ — $ 7,557 $ 441 From one to five years 716 25 — — From five to ten years — — 2,109 52 More than ten years — — 6,782 6,687 $ 716 $ 25 $ 16,448 $ 7,180 Equity securities, trading At September 30, 2018 , the following long positions were included in equity securities, trading: Cost Unrealized Unrealized Fair ($ in thousands) Equities – listed $ 58,752 $ 3,738 $ (4,714 ) $ 57,776 Total equity securities $ 58,752 $ 3,738 $ (4,714 ) $ 57,776 At December 31, 2017 , the following long positions were included in equity securities, trading: Cost Unrealized Unrealized Fair ($ in thousands) Equities – listed $ 1,014,426 $ 208,350 $ (19,104 ) $ 1,203,672 Total equity securities $ 1,014,426 $ 208,350 $ (19,104 ) $ 1,203,672 Other Investments “Other investments” include commodities and private securities and unlisted funds. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , all commodities were comprised of gold bullion. At September 30, 2018 , the following securities were included in other investments: Cost Unrealized Unrealized Fair ($ in thousands) Commodities $ 29,493 $ 4,971 $ — $ 34,464 Private investments and unlisted equity funds 29,964 7,436 (13 ) 37,387 $ 59,457 $ 12,407 $ (13 ) $ 71,851 Investment accounted for under the equity method $ 1,654 Total Other Investments $ 73,505 At September 30, 2018 , the Company held a non-controlling interest in AccuRisk Holdings LLC (“AccuRisk”). In addition to 16.7% of the outstanding voting shares of AccuRisk, the Company also held convertible promissory notes issued by AccuRisk which are convertible into voting shares at the Company’s option at any time. When taking into account the conversion option, the Company’s interest in AccuRisk was 34.2% . The Company has determined that it has significant influence over AccuRisk and has accounted for the voting shares under the equity method. The carrying value of AccuRisk is adjusted based on the Company’s share of ownership, including share of income and expenses reported in quarterly management accounts. The AccuRisk convertible promissory notes are recorded at cost plus accrued interest less any impairment and included in Notes Receivable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company’s share of AccuRisk’s net income (loss) was $(0.1) million and $(0.1) million , respectively, which was included in net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2017 , the following securities were included in other investments: Cost Unrealized Unrealized Fair ($ in thousands) Commodities $ 101,184 $ 20,318 $ — $ 121,502 Private investments and unlisted equity funds 25,316 5,314 — 30,630 $ 126,500 $ 25,632 $ — $ 152,132 Private and unlisted equity funds include private equity securities that did not have readily determinable fair values and the Company applied the measurement alternative under ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03. At September 30, 2018 the carrying value of the private equity securities without readily determinable fair value was $5.8 million (December 31, 2017 : $3.9 million). The carrying values of the private equity securities are determined based on the original cost, reviewed for impairment and any subsequent changes in the valuation based on periodic third party valuations or recent observable transactions of those securities. There were no meaningful upward or downward adjustments to the carrying values of the private equity securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 . Investments in Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased Securities sold, not yet purchased, are securities that the Company has sold, but does not own, in anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security. The Company’s risk is that the value of the security will increase rather than decline. Consequently, the settlement amount of the liability for securities sold, not yet purchased, may exceed the amount recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as the Company is obligated to purchase the securities sold, not yet purchased, in the market at prevailing prices to settle its obligations. To establish a position in a security sold, not yet purchased, the Company needs to borrow the security for delivery to the buyer. On each day the transaction is open, the liability for the obligation to replace the borrowed security is marked-to-market and an unrealized gain or loss is recorded. At the time the transaction is closed, the Company realizes a gain or loss equal to the difference between the price at which the security was sold and the cost of replacing the borrowed security. While the transaction is open, the Company will also incur an expense for any dividends or interest which will be paid to the lender of the securities. At September 30, 2018 , there were no investments in securities sold, not yet purchased. At December 31, 2017 , the following securities were included in investments in securities sold, not yet purchased: Proceeds Unrealized gains Unrealized losses Fair value ($ in thousands) Equities – listed $ (643,148 ) $ 17,541 $ (187,045 ) $ (812,652 ) Sovereign debt – Non U.S. (96,231 ) — (3,914 ) (100,145 ) $ (739,379 ) $ 17,541 $ (190,959 ) $ (912,797 ) Financial Contracts Prior to the change in the Company’s investment account structure described in Note 3 above, the Company had entered into total return equity swaps, interest rate swaps, commodity swaps, options, warrants, rights, futures and forward contracts with various financial institutions to meet certain investment objectives. Under the terms of each of these financial contracts, the Company was either entitled to receive or was obligated to make payments, which are based on the product of a formula contained within each contract that includes the change in the fair value of the underlying or reference security. As of September 30, 2018, the Company was in the process of transferring the remaining financial contracts to SILP and any financial contracts with legal title not yet transferred to SILP, have been reported on the Company’s balance sheet as financial contracts receivable and financial contracts payable. At September 30, 2018 , the fair values of financial contracts outstanding and awaiting transfer to SILP were as follows: Financial Contracts Listing (1) Notional amount of Fair value of net assets ($ in thousands) Financial contracts receivable Commodity Swaps USD 13,570 $ 1,117 Forwards KRW 28,168 253 Interest rate options USD 1,783,000 679 Interest rate swaps JPY 21,087 288 Put options USD 143,371 60,352 Total return swaps – equities GBP/EUR/KRW/USD 58,072 6,477 Total financial contracts receivable, at fair value $ 69,166 Financial contracts payable Call options USD 531 $ (42 ) Put options USD 34,316 (19,597 ) Total return swaps – equities EUR/RON/USD 35,401 (1,110 ) Total financial contracts payable, at fair value $ (20,749 ) (1) USD = US Dollar; EUR = Euro; GBP = British Pound; JPY = Japanese Yen; KRW = Korean Won; RON = Romanian New Leu. At December 31, 2017 , the fair values of financial contracts outstanding were as follows: Financial Contracts Listing currency (1) Notional amount of Fair value of net assets ($ in thousands) Financial contracts receivable Call options USD 2,656 $ 91 Commodity Swaps USD 17,833 2,142 Forwards KRW 41,379 801 Futures USD 5,874 12 Interest rate swaps JPY 21,269 479 Put options (2) USD 155 1 Total return swaps – equities EUR/GBP/USD 34,965 9,357 Warrants and rights on listed equities EUR/USD 29 10 Total financial contracts receivable, at fair value $ 12,893 Financial contracts payable Commodity Swaps USD 26,795 $ (353 ) Put options USD 130 (14 ) Total return swaps – equities EUR/GBP/KRW/RON/USD 60,663 (21,855 ) Total financial contracts payable, at fair value $ (22,222 ) (1) USD = US Dollar; EUR = Euro; GBP = British Pound; JPY = Japanese Yen; KRW = Korean Won; RON = Romanian New Leu. (2) Includes options on the Chinese Yuan, denominated in U.S. dollars. Options are derivative financial instruments that give the buyer, in exchange for a premium payment, the right, but not the obligation, to either purchase from (call option) or sell to (put option) the writer, a specified underlying security at a specified price on or before a specified date. The Company enters into option contracts to meet certain investment objectives. For exchange traded option contracts, the exchange acts as the counterparty to specific transactions and therefore bears the risk of delivery to and from counterparties of specific positions. As of September 30, 2018 , the Company held $60.4 million OTC put options (long) ( December 31, 2017 : nil ) and $19.6 million OTC put options (short) ( December 31, 2017 : nil ). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , the Company reported gains and losses on derivatives as follows: Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Location of gains and losses on derivatives recognized in income Gain (loss) on derivatives recognized in income Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30 2018 2017 2018 2017 ($ in thousands) Forwards Net investment income (loss) $ (76 ) $ (28 ) $ (2,983 ) $ 306 Futures Net investment income (loss) (5,387 ) (77 ) (13,339 ) (480 ) Interest rate options Net investment income (loss) (617 ) — (1,771 ) — Interest rate swaps Net investment income (loss) 194 113 (255 ) 20 Options, warrants, and rights Net investment income (loss) (785 ) (6,467 ) (14,627 ) (18,579 ) Commodity swaps Net investment income (loss) 246 1,794 4,402 (8,911 ) Total return swaps – equities Net investment income (loss) (1,743 ) 12,635 (10,981 ) 12,353 Total $ (8,168 ) $ 7,970 $ (39,554 ) $ (15,291 ) The Company generally does not enter into derivatives for risk management or hedging purposes. The volume of derivative activities varies from period to period depending on potential investment opportunities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company’s volume of derivative activities (based on notional amounts) was as follows: 2018 Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (notional amounts) Entered Exited Entered Exited ($ in thousands) Commodity swaps $ — $ 21,059 $ 34,792 $ 70,982 Forwards 2,291 28,830 65,819 76,596 Futures — 127,882 423,374 440,594 Interest rate options (1) — — 1,783,000 — Options, warrants and rights (1) 52,844 20,279 298,830 46,925 Total return swaps 8,630 31,537 25,480 63,676 Total $ 63,765 $ 229,587 $ 2,631,295 $ 698,773 (1) Exited amount excludes derivatives which expired or were exercised during the period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , the Company’s volume of derivative activities (based on notional amounts) was as follows: 2017 Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (notional amounts) Entered Exited Entered Exited ($ in thousands) Commodity swaps $ — $ 17,729 $ 2,025 $ 34,317 Forwards 1,781 — 5,421 — Futures 5,807 2,650 38,207 32,537 Options, warrants and rights (1) 372,894 15,840 950,811 125,942 Total return swaps — 20,147 243,495 316,560 Total $ 380,482 $ 56,366 $ 1,239,959 $ 509,356 (1) Exited amount excludes derivatives which expired or were exercised during the period. The Company does not offset its derivative instruments and presents all amounts in the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis. The Company has pledged cash collateral to derivative counterparties to support the current value of amounts due to the counterparties on its derivative instruments. As of September 30, 2018 , the gross and net amounts of derivative instruments and the cash collateral applicable to derivative instruments were as follows: September 30, 2018 (i) (ii) (iii) = (i) - (ii) (iv) Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet (v) = (iii) + (iv) Description Gross amounts of recognized assets (liabilities) Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet Net amounts of assets (liabilities) presented in the balance sheet Financial instruments available for offset Cash collateral (received) pledged Net amount of asset (liability) ($ in thousands) Financial contracts receivable $ 69,166 $ — $ 69,166 $ (20,749 ) $ (25,544 ) $ 22,873 Financial contracts payable (20,749 ) — (20,749 ) 20,749 — — As of December 31, 2017 , the gross and net amounts of derivative instruments and the cash collateral applicable to derivative instruments were as follows: December 31, 2017 (i) (ii) (iii) = (i) - (ii) (iv) Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet (v) = (iii) + (iv) Description Gross amounts of recognized assets (liabilities) Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet Net amounts of assets (liabilities) presented in the balance sheet Financial instruments available for offset Cash collateral (received) pledged Net amount of asset (liability) ($ in thousands) Financial contracts receivable $ 12,893 $ — $ 12,893 $ (5,128 ) $ (1,336 ) $ 6,429 Financial contracts payable (22,222 ) — (22,222 ) 5,128 17,094 — Fair Value Hierarchy The Company’s financial instruments are carried at fair value, and the net unrealized gains or losses are included in net investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of income. The following table presents the Company’s investments, categorized by the level of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2018 : Fair value measurements as of September 30, 2018 Description Quoted prices in Significant other Significant Total ($ in thousands) Assets: Debt instruments $ — $ 25 $ — $ 25 Listed equity securities 57,776 — — 57,776 Commodities 34,464 — — 34,464 Private and unlisted equity securities — — 1,424 1,424 $ 92,240 $ 25 $ 1,424 $ 93,689 Unlisted equity funds measured at net asset value (1) 30,212 Investment in related party investment fund measured at net asset value (1) (2) 346,721 Equities without readily determinable fair values for which measurement alternative is applied 5,751 Investment accounted for under the equity method 1,654 Total investments $ 478,027 Financial contracts receivable $ — $ 69,166 $ — $ 69,166 Liabilities: Financial contracts payable $ — $ (20,749 ) $ — $ (20,749 ) (1) Investments measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts are presented in the above table to facilitate reconciliation to the condensed consolidated balance sheets. (2) See Note 3 “Investment in related party investment fund”. The following table presents the Company’s investments, categorized by the level of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2017 : Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2017 Description Quoted prices in Significant other Significant Total ($ in thousands) Assets: Debt instruments $ — $ 6,300 $ 880 $ 7,180 Listed equity securities 1,181,150 22,522 — 1,203,672 Commodities 121,502 — — 121,502 Private and unlisted equity securities — — 6,108 6,108 $ 1,302,652 $ 28,822 $ 6,988 $ 1,338,462 Unlisted equity funds measured at net asset value (1) 24,522 Total investments $ 1,362,984 Financial contracts receivable $ 22 $ 12,871 $ — $ 12,893 Liabilities: Listed equity securities, sold not yet purchased $ (812,652 ) $ — $ — $ (812,652 ) Debt instruments, sold not yet purchased — (100,145 ) — (100,145 ) Total securities sold, not yet purchased $ (812,652 ) $ (100,145 ) $ — $ (912,797 ) Financial contracts payable $ — $ (22,222 ) $ — $ (22,222 ) (1) Investments measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts are presented in the above table to facilitate reconciliation to the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present the reconciliation of the balances for all investments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 : Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Three months ended September 30, 2018 Debt instruments Private and unlisted equity securities Total ($ in thousands) Beginning balance $ 932 $ 6,909 $ 7,841 Sales (916 ) (1,224 ) (2,140 ) Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) and amortization included in earnings, net (16 ) (211 ) (227 ) Transfers into Level 3 — — — Transfers out of Level 3 — (4,050 ) (4,050 ) Ending balance $ — $ 1,424 $ 1,424 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Nine months ended September 30, 2018 Assets Debt instruments Private and unlisted equity securities Total ($ in thousands) Beginning balance $ 880 $ 6,108 $ 6,988 Sales (916 ) (1,224 ) (2,140 ) Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) and amortization included in earnings, net 36 (210 ) (174 ) Transfers into Level 3 — — — Transfers out of Level 3 — (3,250 ) (3,250 ) Ending balance $ — $ 1,424 $ 1,424 For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the sales of debt instruments and private and unlisted equities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs were the result of the LP transaction as discussed above. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the private and unlisted equity securities without readily determinable fair values, for which measurement alternative is applied, were transferred out of Level 3 fair value hierarchy. There were no other transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 . The following tables present the reconciliation of the balances for all investments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 : Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Three months ended September 30, 2017 Assets Debt instruments Private and unlisted equity securities Total ($ in thousands) Beginning balance $ 776 $ 6,085 $ 6,861 Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) and amortization included in earnings, net 58 42 100 Transfers into Level 3 — — — Transfers out of Level 3 — — — Ending balance $ 834 $ 6,127 $ 6,961 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Nine months ended September 30, 2017 Assets Debt instruments Private and unlisted equity securities Total ($ in thousands) Beginning balance $ 654 $ 6,109 $ 6,763 Purchases — 1,750 1,750 Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) and amortization included in earnings, net 180 36 216 Transfers into Level 3 — — — Transfers out of Level 3 — (1,768 ) (1,768 ) Ending balance $ 834 $ 6,127 $ 6,961 During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , $1.8 million of the private equity securities were transferred from Level 3 as these securities commenced trading on a listed exchange. However, due to lock-up period restrictions on those securities, they were classified as Level 2. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the lock-up period expired and these securities were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 with the fair value based on the last traded price on an active market. There were no other transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 . For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , there were $0.1 million and $0.1 million , respectively, net realized losses included in net investment loss in the condensed consolidated statements of income relating to Level 3 securities. For Level 3 securities still held as of the reporting date, the change in net unrealized gains (losses) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $(0.3) million and $(0.2) million , respectively ( three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 : net unrealized gains $0.1 million and $0.2 million , respectively), were included in net investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of income. |