The exploration for and development of oil and natural gas involves the extraction, production and transportation of materials which, under certain conditions, can be hazardous or cause environmental pollution problems. The Manager and operators of the Fund’s properties are continually taking action they believe appropriate to satisfy applicable federal, state and local environmental regulations and do not currently anticipate that compliance with federal, state and local environmental regulations will have a material adverse effect upon capital expenditures, results of operations or the competitive position of the Fund in the oil and gas industry. However, due to the significant public and governmental interest in environmental matters related to those activities, the Manager cannot predict the effects of possible future legislation, rule changes, or governmental or private claims. At March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, there were no known environmental contingencies that required the Fund to record a liability.
The Fund is subject to all risks inherent in the exploration for and development of oil and gas. Insurance coverage as is customary for entities engaged in similar operations is maintained, but losses may occur from uninsurable risks or amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. The occurrence of an event that is not insured or not fully insured could have an adverse impact upon earnings and financial position. Moreover, insurance is obtained as a package covering all of the funds managed by the Manager. Claims made by other funds can reduce or eliminate insurance for the Fund.
In July 2008, the Fund acquired a 6.0% working interest in the Neptune Project, an exploratory well. The Neptune Project began drilling in December 2008 and was determined to be an unsuccessful well, or dry hole, in May 2009. Dry-hole costs related to this well are estimated to be $3.1 million, of which $2.4 million were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and the documents Ridgewood Energy V Fund, LLC (the “Fund”) has incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to the Fund’s business plans, strategies, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are forward-looking statements based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “plan,” “target,” “pursue,” “may,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Examples of such events that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated include weather conditions, such as hurricanes, changes in market conditions affecting the pricing of oil and natural gas, the cost and availability of equipment, and changes in governmental regulations. The Fund undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The following discussion and analysis of the Fund’s financial condition and operating results is based on its financial statements. The preparation of this Quarterly Report requires the Fund to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Fund’s financial statements, and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. See “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements” in Part I of this Quarterly Report for a presentation of the Fund’s significant accounting policies. No changes have been made to the Fund’s critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in its 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview of the Fund’s Business
The Fund is a Delaware limited liability company formed on November 21, 2006 to acquire interests primarily in oil and natural gas properties located in the United States offshore waters of Texas, Louisiana and Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico. Ridgewood Energy Corporation (“Ridgewood Energy” or the “Manager”) a Delaware corporation, is the Manager. As the Manager, Ridgewood Energy has direct and exclusive control over the management of the Fund’s operations. The Fund’s primary investment objective is to generate cash for distribution to its shareholders through the acquisition of “working interests” in the exploration, production and sale of oil and natural gas.
The Manager performs certain duties on the Fund’s behalf including the evaluation of potential projects for investment and ongoing management, administrative and advisory services associated with these projects. For these services, the Manager receives an annual management fee equal to 2.5% of capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred by the Fund, payable monthly. The Fund does not currently, nor is there any plan to operate any project in which the Fund participates. The Manager enters into operating agreements with third-party operators for the management of all exploration, development and producing operations, as appropriate. The Manager also participates in distributions.
Business Update
The Fund owns working interests and has participated in the drilling of twelve wells, four of which have been determined to be successful and eight have been determined to be dry holes, two of which were during 2009.
Successful Projects
Liberty Project
In April 2008, the Fund acquired a 5.0% working interest in the Liberty Project, an exploratory well. This project began drilling in May 2008 and was determined to be successful in July 2008. Completion efforts are ongoing and production is expected in the first quarter 2010. The Liberty project is a deepwater well that requires significant infrastructure construction.Through March 31, 2009, the Fund has spent $2.9 million related to this property, for which the total estimated budget is $5.3 million.
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Eugene Island 346/347
Well #1
In March 2007, the Fund acquired a 22.0% working interest in the exploratory project Eugene Island 346/347 from Newfield Exploration Company (“Newfield”), the operator. In June 2007, the well was determined to be successful. In August 2007, Newfield sold its interest in this property to McMoRan Exploration Co. (“McMoRan”). At that time, McMoRan assumed Newfield’s responsibilities as the operator of this property. The well was completed and production commenced in June 2008. The Fund spent $15.7 million related to this property.
Well #2
As a result of the drilling success of the first exploratory well for Eugene Island 346/347, the second well began drilling and was determined to be commercially successful in May 2008, and production commenced in July 2008. The Fund has spent $3.4 million related to this property.
None of the Fund’s wells, including Eugene Island 346/347 wells #1 and #2, were materially damaged as a result of third quarter 2008 hurricane activity in the Gulf of Mexico. However, the pipeline utilized to transport these wells’ oil and gas production has suffered severe damage thereby shutting down production for these wells. As a result, these wells have been shut-in until the pipeline repairs are completed by its owner. There is no cost to the Fund relating to these repair activities, however, these wells will not produce oil and gas or earn revenue during this repair period. The Eugene Island properties are currently expected to resume production during the third quarter 2009.
West Cameron 149
In November 2007, the Fund acquired a 25.0% working interest in the exploratory well West Cameron 149 from Newfield, the operator. The project began drilling in November 2007 and was determined to be successful in December 2007. The well was completed and production commenced in June 2008. The Fund spent $4.9 million related to this property.
Dry Holes
Neptune Project
In July 2008, the Fund acquired a 6.0% working interest in the Neptune Project, an exploratory well. The Neptune Project began drilling in December 2008 and was determined to be an unsuccessful well, or dry hole, in May 2009. Dry-hole costs related to this well are estimated to be $3.1 million, of which $2.4 million were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
South Timbalier 287
In September 2008, the Fund acquired a 4.0% working interest in the exploratory well South Timbalier 287. This project began drilling in March 2008 and was determined to be an unsuccessful well, or dry hole, in January 2009. Dry-hole costs related to this well totaled $4.2 million, of which $0.3 million were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
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Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the Fund’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 and should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s financial statements and notes thereto included within Item I “Financial Statements” in Part I of this Quarterly Report.
| | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | |
| | | | | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Revenue | | | | | | | |
Oil and gas revenue | | $ | 1,455 | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Expenses | | | | | | | |
Depletion and amortization | | | 552 | | | — | |
Dry-hole costs | | | 2,737 | | | 4,058 | |
Management fees to affiliate | | | 345 | | | 418 | |
Operating expenses | | | 127 | | | 140 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 175 | | | 268 | |
| | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 3,936 | | | 4,884 | |
| | | | | | | |
Loss from operations | | | (2,481 | ) | | (4,884 | ) |
Other income | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 30 | | | 289 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (2,451 | ) | $ | (4,595 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Three months ended March 31, 2009 compared to the Three months ended March 31, 2008
Overview. As previously discussed in “Business Update” above, hurricane activity in the third quarter of 2008 did not cause material damage to any of the Fund’s wells or facilities, however, damage to certain pipelines, coastal refineries and gas processing plants caused Eugene Island 346/347 well #1 and well #2 to be shut-down for several months. Accordingly, revenue, depletion and amortization, and operating expenses were affected in the first quarter of 2009 and will continue to be affected during these repair periods.
Oil and Gas Revenue. Oil and gas revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2009 was $1.5 million related to the West Cameron 149 property, which commenced production in June 2008. Prior to June 2008, the Fund had no producing wells, and therefore had no operating revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2009 the Fund’s well sold approximately 1 thousand barrels of oil at an average price of $34.11 per barrel and 280 thousand mcf of gas at an average price of $4.78 per mcf.
Depletion and Amortization. Depletion and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2009 was $0.6 million. The Fund’s wells began production in June 2008. Prior to that time, the Fund did not have production and therefore did not record any depletion or amortization.
Dry-hole Costs. Dry-hole costs are those costs incurred to drill and develop a well that is ultimately found to be incapable of producing either oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion of the well. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Fund received credits on certain wells from their respective operators upon review and audit of the wells’ costs. The following table summarizes dry-hole costs, inclusive of plug and abandonment costs, for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008.
| | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | |
Lease Block | | 2009 | | 2008 | |
| | | | | |
| | (in thousands) | |
Neptune Project | | $ | 2,399 | | $ | — | |
South Timbalier 287 | | | 328 | | | — | |
Eugene Island 29 | | | — | | | 3,771 | |
Mississippi Canyon 489/490 | | | — | | | 309 | |
Other wells | | | 10 | | | (22 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,737 | | $ | 4,058 | |
| | | | | | | |
Management Fees to Affiliate. Management fees for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 were $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, representing 2.5% of the total capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred by the Fund.
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Operating Expenses. Operating expenses include the costs of operating and maintaining wells and related facilities, geological costs and accretion expense as detailed in the following table.
| | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | |
| | | | | |
| | ( in thousands) | |
Lease operating expenses | | $ | 92 | | $ | — | |
Workover costs | | | 26 | | | — | |
Accretion expense | | | 8 | | | — | |
Geological costs | | | 1 | | | 140 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 127 | | $ | 140 | |
| | | | | | | |
Lease operating and workover expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2009 were primarily related to the West Cameron 149 property. West Cameron 149 required minor platform repairs as a result of hurricane damage. Accretion expense is related to the asset retirement obligations established for the Fund’s proved properties. Geological costs for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 were related to the Neptune project and Eugene Island 29, respectively.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses represent costs specifically identifiable or allocable to the Fund, as detailed in the following table.
| | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | |
| | | | | |
| | ( in thousands) | |
Insurance expense | | $ | 115 | | $ | 199 | |
Accounting fees | | | 52 | | | 50 | |
Trust fees and other | | | 8 | | | 19 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 175 | | $ | 268 | |
| | | | | | | |
Insurance expense represents premiums related to producing well and control of well insurance, which varies dependent upon the number of wells producing or drilling, and director’s and officers’ liability insurance. Accounting fees represent annual audit and tax preparation fees, quarterly reviews and filing fees incurred by the Fund. Trust fees represent bank fees associated with the management of the Fund’s cash accounts.
Interest Income.Interest income is comprised of interest earned on money market accounts and investments in U.S. Treasury securities. Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2009 was $30 thousand, a $0.3 million decrease from the three months ended March 31, 2008. The decrease was the result of a reduction in average outstanding balances earning interest, due to ongoing capital expenditures for oil and gas properties, coupled with lower interest rates earned.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Operating Cash Flows
Cash flows provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 were $1.3 million, primarily related to revenue received of $1.7 million and favorable working capital of $0.2 million, partially offset by payments for management fees of $0.3 million, general and administrative expenses of $0.2 million and operating expenses of $0.1 million.
Cash flows used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2008 were $0.5 million, primarily related to payments for management fees of $0.4 million, general and administrative expenses of $0.3 million and operating expenses of $0.1 million, partially offset by interest income received of $0.2 million and favorable working capital of $0.1 million.
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Investing Cash Flows
Cash flows provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 were $8.1 million primarily related to the maturity of marketable securities totaling $10.1 million, partially offset by capital expenditures for oil and gas properties totaling $2.0 million. Additionally, the Fund increased its salvage fund investments by $6 thousand, which consisted of the interest earned on this account.
Cash flows used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2008 were $5.8 million primarily related to capital expenditures for oil and gas properties totaling $6.3 million, purchases of U.S. treasury securities totaling $20.0 million, partially offset by proceeds of $20.5 million related to the maturity of the U.S. treasury securities. Additionally, the Fund increased its salvage fund investments by $9 thousand, which consisted of the interest earned on this account.
Financing Cash Flows
Cash flows used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2009 were $1.4 million related to distributions paid.
There were no cash flows from financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2008.
Estimated Capital Expenditures
The Fund has entered into multiple agreements for the drilling and development of its investment properties. The estimated capital expenditures associated with these agreements can vary depending on the stage of development on a property-by-property basis. As of March 31, 2009, the Fund had committed to spend an additional $2.7 million related to its investment properties.
When the Manager makes a decision to participate in a particular project, it assumes that the well will be successful and allocates enough capital to budget for the completion of that well and the additional development wells and infrastructure anticipated. If an exploratory well is deemed a dry hole or if it is un-economical, the capital allocated to the completion of that well and to the development of additional wells is then reallocated to a new project or used to make additional investments.
Capital expenditures for investment properties are funded with the capital raised by the Fund in its private placement offering, which is more than likely, all the capital it will be able to obtain. The number of projects in which the Fund can invest will naturally be limited, and each unsuccessful project the Fund experiences will reduce its ability to generate revenue and exhaust its capital. Typically, the Manager seeks an investment portfolio that combines high and low risk exploratory projects.
Liquidity Needs
The Fund’s primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund its operations, inclusive of management fees, and capital expenditures for its investment properties. Operations are funded utilizing operating income, existing cash on-hand, short-term investments and income earned therefrom.
The Manager is entitled to receive an annual management fee from the Fund regardless of the Fund’s profitability in that year. Generally, all or a portion of the management fee is paid from operating income and interest income, although the management fee can be paid out of capital contributions; however, this is not the Fund’s intent.
Distributions are funded from cash flow from operations, and the frequency and amount are within the Manager’s discretion subject to available cash from operations, reserve requirements and the Fund’s operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Fund had no off-balance sheet arrangements at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 and does not anticipate the use of such arrangements in the future.
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Contractual Obligations
The Fund enters into operating agreements with operators. On behalf of the Fund, an operator enters into various contractual commitments pertaining to exploration, development and production activities. The Fund does not negotiate any such contracts. No contractual obligations exist at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 other than those discussed in “Estimated Capital Expenditures” above.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements – “Recent Accounting Standards” contained in this Quarterly Report for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not required.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
In accordance with Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15, the Fund carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Fund’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2009.
There has been no change in the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2009 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Not required.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
| | | | |
EXHIBIT NUMBER | | TITLE OF EXHIBIT | | METHOD OF FILING |
| | | | |
| | | | |
31.1 | | Certification of Robert E. Swanson, Chief Executive Officer of the Fund, pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) | | Filed herewith |
| | | | |
31.2 | | Certification of Kathleen P. McSherry, Chief Financial Officer of the Fund, pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) | | Filed herewith |
| | | | |
32 | | Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by Robert E. Swanson, Chief Executive Officer of the Fund and Kathleen P. McSherry, Chief Financial Officer of the Fund | | Filed herewith |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | | |
Dated: | May 6, 2009 | | | | RIDGEWOOD ENERGY V FUND, LLC |
| | | | | |
| | By: | /s/ | | ROBERT E. SWANSON |
| | | | | |
| | | Name: | | Robert E. Swanson |
| | | Title: | | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| | | | | (Principal Executive Officer) |
| | | | | |
Dated: | May 6, 2009 | | | | |
| | By: | /s/ | | KATHLEEN P. McSHERRY |
| | | | | |
| | | Name: | | Kathleen P. McSherry |
| | | Title: | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
| | | | | (Principal Financial Officer) |
18