Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant assumptions and estimates relate to the valuation of real estate, depreciable lives, and revenue recognition. Application of these assumptions requires the exercise of judgment as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of other subsidiaries over which we have control. All inter-company transactions, balances, and profits have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, interests in entities acquired are evaluated based on applicable GAAP, and entities deemed to be variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which we are the primary beneficiary are also consolidated. If the interest in the entity is determined not to be a VIE, then the entity is evaluated for consolidation based on legal form, economic substance, and the extent to which we have control, substantive participating rights or both under the respective ownership agreement. For entities in which we have less than a controlling interest or entities which we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary, we account for the investment using the equity method of accounting. There are judgments and estimates involved in determining if an entity in which we have made an investment is a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary. The entity is evaluated to determine if it is a VIE by, among other things, calculating the percentage of equity being risked compared to the total equity of the entity. Determining expected future losses involves assumptions of various possibilities of the results of future operations of the entity, assigning a probability to each possibility, and using a discount rate to determine the net present value of those future losses. A change in the judgments, assumptions, and estimates outlined above could result in consolidating an entity that should not be consolidated or accounting for an investment using the equity method that should in fact be consolidated, the effects of which could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Buildings and Land and Acquired Below- June 30, 2017 Improvements Improvements Lease Intangibles Market Leases Cost $ 164,695 $ 45,917 $ 1,610 $ (137) Less: depreciation and amortization (35,599) (3,480) (1,302) 78 Net $ 129,096 $ 42,437 $ 308 $ (59) Buildings and Land and Acquired Below- December 31, 2016 Improvements Improvements Lease Intangibles Market Leases Cost $ 164,087 $ 45,885 $ 1,599 $ (137) Less: depreciation and amortization (31,728) (3,175) (1,247) 72 Net $ 132,359 $ 42,710 $ 352 $ (65) We amortize the value of in-place leases, in-place tenant improvements, and in-place leasing commissions to expense over the initial term of the respective leases. In no event does the amortization period for intangible assets or liabilities exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized portion of the acquired lease intangibles related to that tenant would be charged to expense. We classify properties as held for sale when certain criteria are met in accordance with GAAP. At that time, we present the assets and obligations of the property held for sale separately in our consolidated balance sheet and we cease recording depreciation and amortization expense related to that property. Properties held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or their estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell. We did not have any real estate assets classified as held for sale as of June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016. As required by our lenders, restricted cash is held in escrow accounts for anticipated capital expenditures, real estate taxes, and other reserves for our consolidated properties. Capital reserves are typically utilized for non-operating expenses such as tenant improvements, leasing commissions, and major capital expenditures. Alternatively, a lender may require its own formula for an escrow of capital reserves. June 30, 2016 Cash and cash equivalents $ 38,896 Restricted cash 5,230 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 44,126 For all of our real estate and real estate-related investments, we monitor events and changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amounts of the real estate assets may not be recoverable. Examples of the types of events and circumstances that would cause management to assess our assets for potential impairment include, but are not limited to: a significant decrease in the market price of an asset; a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used; an accumulation of costs in excess of the acquisition basis plus construction of the property; major vacancies and the resulting loss of revenues; natural disasters; a change in the projected holding period; legitimate purchase offers; and changes in the global and local markets or economic conditions. To the extent that our portfolio is concentrated in limited geographic locations, downturns specifically related to such regions may result in tenants defaulting on their lease obligations at those properties within a short time period, which may result in asset impairments. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, we assess potential impairment by comparing estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows expected to be generated over the life of the asset and from its eventual disposition to the carrying amount of the asset. These projected cash flows are prepared internally by the Advisor and reflect in-place and projected leasing activity, market revenue and expense growth rates, market capitalization rates, discount rates, and changes in economic and other relevant conditions. The Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer review these projected cash flows to assure that the valuation is prepared using reasonable inputs and assumptions that are consistent with market data or with assumptions that would be used by a third-party market participant and assume the highest and best use of the investment. We consider trends, strategic decisions regarding future development plans, and other factors in our assessment of whether impairment conditions exist. In the event that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to adjust the carrying amount of the asset to estimated fair value. While we believe our estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding factors such as market rents, economic conditions, and occupancy rates could significantly affect these estimates. In evaluating our investments for impairment, management may use appraisals and make estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, the projected date of disposition of the properties, the estimated future cash flows of the properties during our ownership, and the projected sales price of each of the properties. A future change in these estimates and assumptions could result in understating or overstating the carrying value of our investments, which could be material to our financial statements. In addition, we may incur impairment charges on assets classified as held for sale in the future if the carrying amount of the asset upon classification as held for sale exceeds the estimated fair value, less costs to sell. We also evaluate our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures at each reporting date. If we believe there is an other than temporary decline in market value, we will record an impairment charge based on these evaluations. We assess potential impairment by comparing our portion of estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows expected to be generated by the joint venture over the life of the joint venture’s assets to the carrying amount of the joint venture. In the event that the carrying amount exceeds our portion of estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to adjust the carrying amount of the joint venture to its estimated fair value. We believe the carrying value of our operating real estate assets and our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is currently recoverable. There were no impairment charges for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. However, if market conditions worsen unexpectedly or if changes in our strategy significantly affect any key assumptions used in our fair value calculations, we may need to take charges in future periods for impairments related to our existing investments. Any such non-cash charges would have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. We provide funding to third-party developers for the acquisition, development, and construction of real estate (“ADC Arrangement”). Under an ADC Arrangement, we may participate in the residual profits of the project through the sale or refinancing of the property. We evaluate this arrangement to determine if it has characteristics similar to a loan or if the characteristics are more similar to a joint venture or partnership such as participating in the risks and rewards of the project as an owner or an investment partner. When we determine that the characteristics are more similar to a jointly-owned investment or partnership, we account for the arrangement as an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture under the equity method of accounting or a direct investment (consolidated basis of accounting) instead of applying loan accounting. The ADC Arrangement is reassessed at each reporting period. See Note 8, Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture, for further discussion. We recognize rental income generated from leases of our operating properties on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases, including the effect of rent holidays, if any. Leases associated with our multifamily, student housing, and hotel assets are generally short-term in nature, and thus have no straight-line rent. Hotel revenue is derived from the operations of the Courtyard Kauai Coconut Beach Hotel and consists primarily of guest room, food and beverage, and other ancillary revenues such as laundry and parking. Hotel revenue is recognized as the services are rendered. Accounts receivable primarily consist of receivables related to our consolidated properties of $ 2.3 1.4 0.4 Furniture, fixtures, and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated according to the Company’s capitalization policy, which uses the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of five to seven years. Furniture, fixtures, and equipment associated with properties classified as held for sale are not depreciated. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Accumulated depreciation associated with our furniture, fixtures, and equipment was $ 10.9 9.9 Deferred financing fees are recorded at cost, accounted for as a reduction to notes payable, and are amortized to interest expense using a straight-line method that approximates the effective interest method over the life of the related debt. Deferred financing fees, net were $ 2.0 0.8 We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and have qualified as a REIT since the year ended December 31, 2008. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90 We did not record any income tax during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. We have reviewed our tax positions under GAAP guidance that clarify the relevant criteria and approach for the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. The guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition of a tax position taken, or expected to be taken, in a tax return. A tax position may only be recognized in the financial statements if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination. We believe it is more likely than not that the tax positions taken relative to our federal tax status as a REIT will be sustained in any tax examination. For our international investments where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated using period-end exchange rates, while the statement of operations amounts are translated using the average exchange rates for the respective period. Gains and losses resulting from the change in exchange rates from period to period are reported separately as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Upon the substantial liquidation of our investment in a foreign entity, the cumulative translation adjustment (“CTA”) balance is required to be released into earnings. In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-05, upon disposal of the property, we recognize the CTA as an adjustment to the resulting gain or loss on sale. The Euro was the functional currency for the operations of Alte Jakobstraße (“AJS”) and Holstenplatz, which were both sold in 2015. As a result of the sale of AJS and Holstenplatz, we no longer have foreign operations. However, we still maintain a Euro-denominated bank account that is comprised primarily of the remaining undistributed proceeds from the sale of these properties, which we translate into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate at each reporting period. As of June 30, 2017, we maintained approximately $ 4.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents deposited in certain financial institutions in excess of federally insured levels. We have diversified our cash and cash equivalents among several banking institutions in an attempt to minimize exposure to any one of these entities. We regularly monitor the financial stability of these financial institutions and believe that we are not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash. Our investments may at times be concentrated in certain asset types that are subject to higher risk of foreclosure, or secured by assets concentrated in a limited number of geographic locations. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, 46 15 46 29 20 Noncontrolling interest represents the noncontrolling ownership interest’s proportionate share of the equity in our consolidated real estate investments. Income and losses are allocated to noncontrolling interest holders based generally on their ownership percentage. If a property reaches a defined return threshold, then it will result in distributions to noncontrolling interest which is different from the standard pro-rata allocation percentage. In certain instances, our joint venture agreement provides for liquidating distributions based on achieving certain return metrics (“promoted interest”) The Company had no potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the periods presented. Accordingly, earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the applicable |