Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Described below are certain of our significant accounting policies. The disclosures regarding several of the policies have been condensed or omitted in accordance with interim reporting regulations specified by Form 10-Q. Please see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for a complete listing of all of our significant accounting policies. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include such items as impairment of long-lived assets, depreciation and amortization, and allowance for doubtful accounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation Our condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of other subsidiaries over which we have control. All inter-company transactions, balances, profits, and the accounts of variable interest entities, if any, in which we are the primary beneficiary have been eliminated in consolidation. Interests in entities acquired will be evaluated based on applicable GAAP, which includes the requirement to consolidate entities deemed to be variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which we are the primary beneficiary. If the interest in the entity is determined not to be a VIE, then the entity will be evaluated for consolidation based on legal form, economic substance, and the extent to which we have control, substantive participating rights or both under the respective ownership agreement. For entities in which we have less than a controlling interest or entities which we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary, we account for the investment using the equity method of accounting. There are judgments and estimates involved in determining if an entity in which we have made an investment is a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary. The entity is evaluated to determine if it is a VIE by, among other things, calculating the percentage of equity being risked compared to the total equity of the entity. Determining expected future losses involves assumptions of various possibilities of the results of future operations of the entity, assigning a probability to each possibility and using a discount rate to determine the net present value of those future losses. A change in the judgments, assumptions, and estimates outlined above could result in consolidating an entity that should not be consolidated or accounting for an investment using the equity method that should in fact be consolidated, the effects of which could be material to our financial statements. Real Estate As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, accumulated depreciation and amortization related to our consolidated investments in real estate assets and intangibles were as follows: September 30, 2016 Buildings and Improvements Land and Improvements Lease Intangibles Acquired Cost $ 163,620 $ 45,884 $ 1,546 $ (137 ) Less: depreciation and amortization (29,791 ) (3,022 ) (1,219 ) 68 Net $ 133,829 $ 42,862 $ 327 $ (69 ) December 31, 2015 Buildings and Improvements Land and Improvements Lease Intangibles Acquired Cost $ 211,635 $ 54,068 $ 3,083 $ (184 ) Less: depreciation and amortization (26,422 ) (2,686 ) (2,749 ) 104 Net $ 185,213 $ 51,382 $ 334 $ (80 ) We amortize the value of in-place leases, in-place tenant improvements, and in-place leasing commissions to expense over the initial term of the respective leases. In no event does the amortization period for intangible assets or liabilities exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized portion of the acquired lease intangibles related to that tenant would be charged to expense. Anticipated net amortization expense (accretion) associated with the acquired lease intangibles for each of the following five years as of September 30, 2016 is as follows: Year Lease / Other Intangibles October 1, 2016 - December 31, 2016 $ 9 2017 20 2018 (14 ) 2019 (12 ) 2020 (10 ) Real Estate Held for Sale We classify properties as held for sale when certain criteria are met in accordance with GAAP. At that time, we present the assets and obligations of the property held for sale separately in our consolidated balance sheet and we cease recording depreciation and amortization expense related to that property. Properties held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or their estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell. We did not have any real estate assets classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015. Investment Impairment For all of our real estate and real estate-related investments, we monitor events and changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amounts of the real estate assets may not be recoverable. Examples of the types of events and circumstances that would cause management to assess our assets for potential impairment include, but are not limited to: a significant decrease in the market price of an asset; a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used; an accumulation of costs in excess of the acquisition basis plus construction of the property; major vacancies and the resulting loss of revenues; natural disasters; a change in the projected holding period; legitimate purchase offers and changes in the global and local markets or economic conditions. Our assets may at times be concentrated in limited geographic locations and, to the extent that our portfolio is concentrated in limited geographic locations, downturns specifically related to such regions may result in tenants defaulting on their lease obligations at those properties within a short time period, which may result in asset impairments. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, we assess potential impairment by comparing estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows expected to be generated over the life of the asset and from its eventual disposition to the carrying amount of the asset. These projected cash flows are prepared internally by the Advisor and reflect in-place and projected leasing activity, market revenue and expense growth rates, market capitalization rates, discount rates, and changes in economic and other relevant conditions. The Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer review these projected cash flows to assure that the valuation is prepared using reasonable inputs and assumptions that are consistent with market data or with assumptions that would be used by a third-party market participant and assume the highest and best use of the investment. We consider trends, strategic decisions regarding future development plans, and other factors in our assessment of whether impairment conditions exist. In the event that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to adjust the carrying amount of the asset to estimated fair value. While we believe our estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding factors such as market rents, economic conditions, and occupancy rates could significantly affect these estimates. In evaluating our investments for impairment, management may use appraisals and make estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, the projected date of disposition of the properties, the estimated future cash flows of the properties during our ownership, and the projected sales price of each of the properties. A future change in these estimates and assumptions could result in understating or overstating the carrying value of our investments, which could be material to our financial statements. In addition, we may incur impairment charges on assets classified as held for sale in the future if the carrying amount of the asset upon classification as held for sale exceeds the estimated fair value, less costs to sell. We also evaluate our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures at each reporting date. If we believe there is an other than temporary decline in market value, we will record an impairment charge based on these evaluations. We assess potential impairment by comparing our portion of estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows expected to be generated by the joint venture over the life of the joint venture’s assets to the carrying amount of the joint venture. In the event that the carrying amount exceeds our portion of estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to adjust the carrying amount of the joint venture to its estimated fair value. We believe the carrying value of our operating real estate assets and our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is currently recoverable. There were no impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. However, if market conditions worsen unexpectedly or if changes in our strategy significantly affect any key assumptions used in our fair value calculations, we may need to take charges in future periods for impairments related to our existing investments. Any such non-cash charges would have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture We provide funding to third-party developers for the acquisition, development, and construction of real estate (“ADC Arrangement”). Under an ADC Arrangement, we may participate in the residual profits of the project through the sale or refinancing of the property. We evaluate this arrangement to determine if it has characteristics similar to a loan or if the characteristics are more similar to a joint venture or partnership such as participating in the risks and rewards of the project as an owner or an investment partner. When we determine that the characteristics are more similar to a jointly-owned investment or partnership, we account for the arrangement as an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture under the equity method of accounting or a direct investment (consolidated basis of accounting) instead of applying loan accounting. The ADC Arrangement is reassessed at each reporting period. See Note 9, Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture, for further discussion. Revenue Recognition We recognize rental income generated from leases of our operating properties on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases, including the effect of rent holidays, if any. Straight-line rent was income of less than $0.1 million recognized in rental revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. Leases associated with our multifamily, student housing, and hotel assets are generally short-term in nature, and thus have no straight-line rent. Net above-market lease amortization was a charge of less than $0.1 million recognized in rental revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Net below-market lease amortization was income of less than $0.1 million recognized in rental revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Hotel revenue is derived from the operations of the Courtyard Kauai Coconut Beach Hotel and consists primarily of guest room, food and beverage, and other ancillary revenues such as laundry and parking. Hotel revenue is recognized as the services are rendered. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable primarily consist of receivables related to our consolidated properties of $1.5 million and $2.4 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and included straight-line rental revenue receivables of $0.3 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Furniture, Fixtures, and Equipment Furniture, fixtures, and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated according to the Company’s capitalization policy, which uses the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of five to seven years . Furniture, fixtures, and equipment associated with properties classified as held for sale are not depreciated. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Accumulated depreciation associated with our furniture, fixtures, and equipment was $9.4 million and $8.1 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Deferred Financing Fees Deferred financing fees are recorded at cost and are amortized to interest expense using a straight-line method that approximates the effective interest method over the life of the related debt. Deferred financing fees, net of accumulated amortization, were $0.9 million and $1.7 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Accumulated amortization of deferred financing fees were $1.8 million and $2.5 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an update (“ASU 2015-03”) to ASC Topic 835, Interest - Imputation of Interest, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The adoption of ASU 2015-03, effective January 1, 2016, requires companies to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, retrospectively. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the following reclassifications of unamortized deferred financing fees as of December 31, 2015: December 31, 2015 Originally Reported Reclassification Adjusted Deferred financing fees, net $ 1,656 $ (1,656 ) $ — Notes payable 178,692 (1,656 ) 177,036 Income Taxes We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and have qualified as a REIT since the year ended December 31, 2008. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax at the corporate level. We are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code and intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. Taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We currently have no taxable income associated with a TRS. Our operating partnerships are flow-through entities and are not subject to federal income taxes at the entity level. As a result of the sale of one of our foreign investments during the first quarter of 2015, Alte Jakobstraße (“AJS”), we recorded estimated foreign income tax of approximately $2.2 million during the period ended March 31, 2015. During the second quarter of 2015, we recorded a credit of $0.5 million to the provision for income tax based on a change in the estimated taxes payable on the sale of AJS. We recorded a provision for income tax of approximately $1 million in the third quarter of 2015 as a result of estimated foreign income tax related to the sale of Holstenplatz, resulting in a total income tax provision of $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. During the third quarter of 2016, we recorded a credit of less than $0.1 million to the provision for income tax based on the difference in the actual taxes due and the originally estimated taxes payable on the sale of Holstenplatz. The foreign income tax recorded during 2015 was calculated on gains recognized at the exchange rate in effect on the date of sale and calculated using current tax rates. We have reviewed our tax positions under GAAP guidance that clarify the relevant criteria and approach for the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. The guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition of a tax position taken, or expected to be taken, in a tax return. A tax position may only be recognized in the financial statements if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination. We believe it is more likely than not that the tax positions taken relative to our federal tax status as a REIT will be sustained in any tax examination. Foreign Currency Translation For our international investments where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated using period-end exchange rates, while the statement of operations amounts are translated using the average exchange rates for the respective period. Gains and losses resulting from the change in exchange rates from period to period are reported separately as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Euro is the functional currency for the operations of AJS and Holstenplatz, which were both sold in 2015. We sold AJS on February 21, 2015 and Holstenplatz on September 1, 2015. We maintain a Euro-denominated bank account that is comprised primarily of the remaining proceeds from the sale of these properties and is translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate at each reporting period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the foreign currency translation adjustment was a gain of less than $0.1 million and a gain of $0.1 million , respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the foreign currency translation adjustment was a gain of $0.1 million and a loss of $0.2 million , respectively. When the Company has substantially liquidated its investment in a foreign entity, the cumulative translation adjustment (“CTA”) balance is required to be released into earnings. In accordance with ASU 2013-05, upon disposal of the property, we would recognize the CTA as an adjustment to the gain on sale. During the first quarter of 2015, we recognized a CTA of approximately $0.6 million as a reduction to the gain on sale of our AJS office building, which we sold on February 21, 2015. We sold our wholly owned investment in the Holstenplatz office building on September 1, 2015. We recognized a CTA credit of approximately $0.4 million as an increase to the gain on sale of Holstenplatz. With the sale of Holstenplatz, we no longer have foreign operations. Concentration of Credit Risk At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents deposited in certain financial institutions in excess of federally insured levels. We have diversified our cash and cash equivalents among several banking institutions in an attempt to minimize exposure to any one of these entities. We regularly monitor the financial stability of these financial institutions and believe that we are not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash. Geographic and Asset Type Concentration Our investments may at times be concentrated in certain asset types that are subject to higher risk of foreclosure, or secured by assets concentrated in a limited number of geographic locations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, excluding sold assets, 44% and 15% of our total revenues were derived from our properties located in Hawaii and Florida, respectively. Additionally, excluding our property sold in 2016, 44% , 30% , and 21% of our total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were from our hotel, multifamily, and student housing investments, respectively. To the extent that our portfolio is concentrated in limited geographic regions or types of assets, downturns relating generally to such region or type of asset may result in defaults on a number of our investments within a short time period, which may reduce our net income and the value of our common stock and accordingly limit our ability to fund our operations. Noncontrolling Interest Noncontrolling interest represents the noncontrolling ownership interest’s proportionate share of the equity in our consolidated real estate investments. Income and losses are allocated to noncontrolling interest holders based generally on their ownership percentage. In certain instances, our joint venture agreement provides for liquidating distributions based on achieving certain return metrics (“promoted interest”). If a property reaches a defined return threshold, then it will result in distributions to noncontrolling interest which is different from the standard pro-rata allocation percentage. Earnings per Share Net income per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. The weighted average shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted income per share were the same for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 as there were no potentially dilutive securities outstanding. Subsequent Events We have evaluated subsequent events for recognition or disclosure in our condensed consolidated financial statements. |