Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant assumptions and estimates relate to the valuation of real estate including impairment and depreciable lives. Application of these assumptions requires the exercise of judgment as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the Company’s accounts and the accounts of other subsidiaries over which it has control. All inter-company transactions, balances, and profits have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, interests in entities acquired are evaluated based on applicable GAAP, and entities deemed to be variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary are also consolidated. If the interest in the entity is determined not to be a VIE, then the entity is evaluated for consolidation based on legal form, economic substance, and the extent to which the Company has control, substantive participating rights or both under the respective ownership agreement. For entities in which the Company has less than a controlling interest but have significant influence, it accounts for the investment using the equity method of accounting. There are judgments and estimates involved in determining if an entity in which the Company has made an investment is a VIE and, if so, whether it is the primary beneficiary. The entity is evaluated to determine if it is a VIE by, among other things, calculating the percentage of equity being risked compared to the total equity of the entity. Determining expected future losses involves assumptions of various possibilities of the results of future operations of the entity, assigning a probability to each possibility, and using a discount rate to determine the net present value of those future losses. A change in the judgments, assumptions, and estimates outlined above could result in consolidating an entity that should not be consolidated or accounting for an investment using the equity method that should in fact be consolidated, the effects of which could be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accounting for Acquisitions of Investment Property The cost of the real estate assets acquired in an asset acquisition is allocated to the acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, building and tenant improvements, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases for acquired in-place leases and the value of tenant relationships, based in each case on their relative fair values. Fees incurred related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost of the investment. Upon the acquisition of real estate property that meets the definition of a business, the Company recognizes the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date, measured at their fair values. The acquisition date is the date on which the Company obtains control of the real estate property. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed may consist of land, inclusive of associated rights, buildings, assumed debt, identified intangible assets and liabilities, and asset retirement obligations. Identified intangible assets generally consist of above-market leases, in-place leases, in-place tenant improvements, in-place leasing commissions, and tenant relationships. Identified intangible liabilities generally consist of below-market leases. Goodwill is recognized as of the acquisition date and measured as the aggregate fair value of the consideration transferred and any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Likewise, a bargain purchase gain is recognized in current earnings when the aggregate fair value of the consideration transferred and any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree is less than the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Acquisition-related costs are expensed in the period incurred. Initial valuations are subject to change until the Company’s information is finalized, which is no later than 12 months from the acquisition date. The fair value of the tangible assets acquired, consisting of land and buildings, is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, and the “as-if-vacant” value is then allocated to land and buildings. Land values are derived from appraisals, and building values are calculated as replacement cost less depreciation or management’s estimates of the fair value of these assets using discounted cash flow analyses or similar methods believed to be used by market participants. The value of buildings are generally depreciated over estimated useful lives ranging up to 39 years using the straight-line method. The Company determines the fair value of assumed debt by calculating the net present value of the scheduled mortgage payments using interest rates for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities that management believes the Company could obtain at the date of the debt assumption. Any difference between the fair value and stated value of the assumed debt is recorded as a discount or premium and amortized over the remaining life of the loan using the effective interest method. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers investments in highly liquid money market funds or investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents reported on the consolidated balance sheet approximates fair value. Restricted Cash As required by the Company’s lenders, restricted cash is held in escrow accounts for anticipated capital expenditures, real estate taxes, and other reserves for certain of the Company’s consolidated properties. Capital reserves are typically utilized for non-operating expenses such as tenant improvements, leasing commissions, and major capital expenditures. Alternatively, a lender may require its own formula for an escrow of capital reserves. Restricted cash may also include certain funds temporarily placed in escrow with qualified intermediaries to facilitate potential like-kind exchange transactions in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. The following is a summary of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash total as presented in its consolidated statements of cash flows: Schedule of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash December 31, 2021 2020 Cash and cash equivalents $ 24,360 $ 27,078 Restricted cash 20,879 4,373 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 45,239 $ 31,451 Marketable Securities Marketable securities currently consist of debt securities that are designated as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains or losses for debt securities are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). Realized gains or losses resulting from the sale of these securities are determined based on the specific identification of the securities sold. An impairment charge is recognized when the decline in the fair value of a security below the amortized cost basis is determined to be other-than-temporary. The Company considers various factors in determining whether to recognize an impairment charge, including the duration and severity of any decline in fair value below the Company’s amortized cost basis, any adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuers’ and its intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges. Investment Impairment For all of the Company’s real estate and real estate related investments, the Company monitors events and changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amounts of the real estate assets may not be recoverable. Examples of the types of events and circumstances that would cause management to assess the Company’s assets for potential impairment include, but are not limited to: a significant decrease in the market price of an asset; a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used; an accumulation of costs in excess of the acquisition basis plus construction of the property; major vacancies and the resulting loss of revenues; natural disasters; a change in the projected holding period; legitimate purchase offers; and changes in the global and local markets or economic conditions. To the extent that the Company’s portfolio is concentrated in limited geographic locations, downturns specifically related to such regions may result in tenants defaulting on their lease obligations at those properties within a short time period, which may result in asset impairments. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, the Company assesses potential impairment by comparing estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows expected to be generated over the life of the asset and from its eventual disposition to the carrying amount of the asset. These projected cash flows are prepared internally by the Advisor and reflect in-place and projected leasing activity, market revenue and expense growth rates, market capitalization rates, discount rates, and changes in economic and other relevant conditions. The Company’s management reviews these projected cash flows to assure that the valuation is prepared using reasonable inputs and assumptions that are consistent with market data or with assumptions that would be used by a third-party market participant and assume the highest and best use of the investment. The Company considers trends, strategic decisions regarding future development plans, and other factors in its assessment of whether impairment conditions exist. In the event that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated future undiscounted operating cash flows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to adjust the carrying amount of the asset to estimated fair value. While the Company believes its estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding factors such as market rents, economic conditions, and occupancy rates could significantly affect these estimates. In evaluating the Company’s investments for impairment, management may use appraisals and make estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, the projected date of disposition of the properties, the estimated future cash flows of the properties during the Company’s ownership, and the projected sales price of each of the properties. A future change in these estimates and assumptions could result in understating or overstating the carrying value of the Company’s investments, which could be material to its financial statements. In addition, the Company may incur impairment charges on assets classified as held for sale in the future if the carrying amount of the asset upon classification as held for sale exceeds the estimated fair value, less costs to sell. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not record any impairment charges. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes rental income generated from leases of its operating properties on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases, including the effect of rent holidays, if any. Leases associated with the Company’s multifamily and student housing are generally short-term in nature, and thus have no straight-line rent. Other Assets Other assets primarily consist of deposits, receivables and intangible assets related to the Company’s consolidated properties. Deferred Financing Costs Deferred financing costs are recorded at cost and consist of loan fees and other costs incurred in issuing debt. Amortization of deferred financing costs is computed using a method that approximates the effective interest method over the term of the related debt and is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Unamortized deferred financing costs are included as a direct deduction from the related debt in the consolidated balance sheets. Income Taxes The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2008. If the Company qualifies as a REIT, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income or capital gain that it distributes to its stockholders. To maintain its REIT qualification, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it annually distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. If the Company fails to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT in any subsequent year and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, its income for that year will be taxed at the regular corporate rate, and it may be precluded from qualifying for treatment as a REIT for the four-year period following its failure to qualify as a REIT. Such an event could materially adversely affect the Company’s net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. To maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Company may engage in certain activities through wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). As such, the Company may be subject to U.S. federal and state income and franchise taxes from these activities. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had no material uncertain income tax positions. Additionally, even if the Company continues to qualify as a REIT, it may still be subject to some U.S. federal, state and local taxes on its income and property and to U.S. federal income taxes and excise taxes on its undistributed income. Concentration of Credit Risk At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents deposited in certain financial institutions in excess of federally insured levels. The Company has diversified its cash and cash equivalents among several banking institutions in an attempt to minimize exposure to any one of these entities. The Company regularly monitors the financial stability of these financial institutions and believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash. Noncontrolling Interest Noncontrolling interest represents the noncontrolling member’s share of the equity in certain of the Company’s consolidated real estate investments. Income and losses are allocated to noncontrolling interest holders based generally on their ownership percentage. In certain instances, the Company’s joint venture agreements provide for liquidating distributions based on achieving certain return metrics (“promoted interest”) and if a property reaches a defined return threshold, then it will result in distributions to the noncontrolling member which differs from the standard pro-rata allocation percentage. Additionally, if the Company acquires a noncontrolling member’s ownership interest, the acquisition is accounted for as an equity transaction with any difference between the contractual purchase price paid and the carrying value of the noncontrolling member’s interest recorded to additional paid in capital. Earnings per Share The Company had no potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the periods presented. Accordingly, net (loss) income per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. COVID-19 Pandemic The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 and since that time many of the previously imposed restrictions and other measures which were instituted in response have been subsequently reduced or lifted. However, the continuing COVID-19 pandemic remains highly unpredictable and dynamic and its ultimate duration and extent continue to be dependent on various developments, such as the emergence of variants to the virus that may cause additional strains of COVID-19, the ongoing administration and ultimate effectiveness of vaccines, including booster shots, and the eventual timeline to achieve a sufficient level of herd immunity among the general population. Accordingly, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may have negative effects on the health of the U.S. economy for the foreseeable future. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s consolidated portfolio of properties consisted of eight multi-family apartment complexes. Its multi-family properties have not been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and their occupancy levels, rental rates and rental collections have remained stable. Additionally, the Company’s note receivable is collateralized by a 10-unit condominium development project located in New York City (the “Condominium Project”), which has been subject to similar restrictions and risks. To date, both the Condominium Project and the Company’s note receivable have not been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company continues to closely monitor the overall extent as to which its business may be affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic which will largely depend on current and future developments, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be reasonably predicted. If the Company’s properties and its real estate-related investments are negatively impacted in future periods for an extended period because (i) tenants are unable to pay their rent, (ii) leasing demand falls causing declines in occupancy levels and/or rental rates, and (iii) its borrower is unable to pay scheduled debt service on the outstanding note receivable; the Company’s business and financial results could be materially and adversely impacted. |