ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Nature of Business | ' |
Nature of Business |
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PharMerica Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, the “Corporation”) is an institutional pharmacy services company that services healthcare facilities, provides pharmacy management services to hospitals and also provides specialty infusion services to patients outside a hospital setting. The Corporation is the second largest institutional pharmacy services company in the United States based on revenues, operating 89 institutional pharmacies and 12 specialty infusion pharmacies in 45 states. The Corporation’s customers are typically institutional healthcare providers, such as skilled nursing facilities, nursing centers, assisted living facilities, hospitals, individuals receiving in-home care and other long-term alternative care settings. The Corporation is generally the primary source of supply of pharmaceuticals to its customers. The Corporation also provides pharmacy management services to 83 hospitals in the United States. |
Operating Segments | ' |
Operating Segments |
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The Corporation consists of two operating segments: pharmacy and specialty infusion services. For financial reporting purposes, management considers these two operating segments to be similar and, therefore, has aggregated them into a single reportable segment. |
Principles of Consolidation | ' |
Principles of Consolidation |
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All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
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The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and do not include all of the information and disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. Accordingly, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and related footnotes for the year ended December 31, 2012, included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements adjusted for acquisition related measurement period adjustments as of that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. |
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The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for a full year. It is the opinion of management that all necessary adjustments for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods have been made and are of a normal recurring nature. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
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The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates are involved in collectability of accounts receivable, revenue recognition, inventory valuation, supplier rebates, the valuation of long-lived assets and goodwill, and accounting for income taxes. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based upon assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the Corporation follows a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: |
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Level 1: | Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Level 2: | Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Level 3: | Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, that require the Corporation to develop its own assumptions. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of the following three valuation techniques: |
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| A. | Market approach: Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| B. | Cost approach: Amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| C. | Income approach: Techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based upon market expectations (including present value techniques, option-pricing and excess earnings models). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The financial liability recorded at fair value at December 31, 2012 and September 30, 2013 is set forth in the tables below (dollars in millions): |
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As of December 31, 2012 | | Liability | | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Valuation | |
Technique |
Financial Liability | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred Compensation Plan | | $ | 4.8 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4.8 | | | $ | — | | | | A | |
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As of September 30, 2013 | | Liability | | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Valuation | |
Technique |
Financial Liability | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred Compensation Plan | | $ | 6.3 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6.3 | | | $ | — | | | | A | |
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The deferred compensation plan liability represents an unfunded obligation associated with the deferred compensation plan offered to eligible employees and members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation and is recorded in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the liability associated with the deferred compensation plan is derived using pricing and other relevant information for similar assets or liabilities generated by market transactions. |
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The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these assets and liability. The Corporation’s debt approximates fair value due to the terms of the interest being set at variable market interest rates (Level 2). |
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | ' |
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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Accounts receivable primarily consist of amounts due from Prescription Drug Plans (“PDPs”) under Medicare Part D, institutional healthcare providers, respective state Medicaid programs, third party insurance companies, and private payers. The Corporation’s ability to collect outstanding receivables is critical to its results of operations and cash flows. To provide for accounts receivable that could become uncollectible in the future, the Corporation establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts to reduce the carrying value of such receivables to the extent it is probable that a portion or all of a particular account will not be collected. |
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The Corporation has an established process to determine the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts, which relies on analytical tools, specific identification, and benchmarks to arrive at a reasonable allowance. No single statistic or measurement determines the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Corporation monitors and reviews trends by payer classification along with the composition of the Corporation’s aging accounts receivable. This review focuses primarily on trends in private and other payers, PDP’s, dual eligible co-payments, historic payment patterns of long-term care institutions, and monitors respective credit risks. In addition, the Corporation analyzes other factors such as revenue days in accounts receivable, denial trends by payer types, payment patterns by payer types, subsequent cash collections, and current events that may impact payment patterns of the Corporation’s long-term care institution customers. Accounts receivable are written off after collection efforts have been completed in accordance with the Corporation’s policies. |
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The Corporation’s accounts receivable and summarized aging categories are as follows (dollars in millions): |
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| | (As Adjusted) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | | | September 30, | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Institutional healthcare providers | | $ | 158.1 | | | $ | 155.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicare Part D | | | 41.6 | | | | 35.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Private payer and other | | | 28.4 | | | | 29.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Insured | | | 15.6 | | | | 13.7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicaid | | | 16.1 | | | | 10.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicare | | | 2 | | | | 1.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | | (56.4 | ) | | | (54.6 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 205.4 | | | $ | 190.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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0 to 60 days | | | 58.8 | % | | | 56.5 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | |
61 to 120 days | | | 17.1 | % | | | 18 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Over 120 days | | | 24.1 | % | | | 25.5 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The following is a summary of activity in the Corporation’s allowance for doubtful accounts (dollars in millions): |
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| | Beginning | | | Charges to Costs and | | | | | | Ending | | | | | |
| | Balance | | | Expenses | | | Write-offs | | | Balance | | | | | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year ended December 31, 2012 | | $ | 48.6 | | | $ | 25.9 | | | $ | (18.1 | ) | | $ | 56.4 | | | | | |
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | | $ | 56.4 | | | $ | 15.9 | | | $ | (17.7 | ) | | $ | 54.6 | | | | | |
Concentration of Credit Risk | ' |
Concentration of Credit Risk |
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For the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2013, the Corporation derived approximately 14.4% and 11.8%, respectively, of its revenues from a single customer, including all payer sources of the Corporation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2013, the Corporation derived approximately 14.1% and 13.0%, respectively, of its revenues from a single customer, including all payer sources of the Corporation. |
Goodwill and Other Intangibles | ' |
Goodwill and Other Intangibles |
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Goodwill represents the excess purchase price of an acquired entity over the net amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Corporation’s policy is to perform a qualitative assessment on goodwill impairment to determine whether it is more likely than not (defined as having a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The Corporation performed a qualitative assessment as of December 31, 2012 and did not find it necessary to perform the first step of the two-step impairment test based on that analysis. In addition, as a result of the Corporation being notified during June 2013 that it will be losing its largest customer effective December 31, 2013, the Corporation performed the first step of the two step analysis for the pharmacy segment during the quarter ended June 30, 2013 and determined that an impairment of goodwill did not occur as a result of this triggering event. The Corporation’s discounted cash flows as calculated for the step one analysis were approximately 26% greater than current book value. |
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The Corporation’s finite-lived intangible assets are comprised primarily of trade names, customer relationship assets and non-compete agreements primarily originating from business acquisitions. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the course of their lives ranging from 5 to 20 years. For impairment reviews, intangible assets are reviewed on a specific pharmacy basis or as a group of pharmacies depending on the intangible assets under review. The Corporation’s goodwill and intangible assets are further described in Note 3. |
Stock Option Accounting | ' |
Stock Option Accounting |
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The Corporation recognizes stock-based compensation expense in its condensed consolidated financial statements using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model (see Note 7). |
Restructuring and Impairment Charges | ' |
Restructuring and Impairment Charges |
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Restructuring and impairment charges in the condensed consolidated financial statements represent amounts expensed for purposes of realigning corporate and pharmacy locations. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Corporation accrues for tax obligations, as appropriate, based on facts and circumstances in the various regulatory environments. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are more fully described in Note 8. |